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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-8-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C15H26O2
    (3R)-3-methyl-8-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S,7S)-3,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (3S,5S,7S)-3,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— (6S,10R)-10-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (6S,10R)-10-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— (6R,10S)-10-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (6R,10S)-10-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R,9R)-3,7,7,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C13H22O2
    (3S,5R,9R)-3,7,7,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S,9R)-3,7,7,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C13H22O2
    (3S,5S,9R)-3,7,7,9-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C10H14O5
    ethyl (2S,3R)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2S,3S)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C10H14O5
    ethyl (2S,3S)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5S,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (3S,5S,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3R)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C10H14O5
    ethyl (2R,3R)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,6aR)-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one —— C6H8O4S
    (3aR,6aR)-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6aS)-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one —— C6H8O4S
    (3aR,6aS)-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,6aS)-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one —— C6H8O4S
    (3aS,6aS)-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO3
    (4S,5R)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO3
    (4S,5S)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO3
    (4R,5R)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-2-amino-8,8-dimethyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C8H10N2O3S
    (5S)-2-amino-8,8-dimethyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (5R)-2-amino-8,8-dimethyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C8H10N2O3S
    (5R)-2-amino-8,8-dimethyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (5R)-5-(bromomethyl)dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C7H11BrO2
    (5R)-5-(bromomethyl)dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanal —— C7H10O3
    3-[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanal
    —— 5-(bromomethyl)dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C7H11BrO2
    5-(bromomethyl)dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-prop-2-ynyloxolan-2-one —— C9H10O3
    (3R)-3-acetyl-3-prop-2-ynyloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,4S,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,15-trihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C27H34O10
    methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,4S,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,15-trihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,4R,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,15-trihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C27H34O10
    methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,4R,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,15-trihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-2,4-pyrandione —— C14H14BrClO3
    5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-2,4-pyrandione
    —— 8-(Bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C10H15BrO2
    8-(Bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— N-[1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21BrN2O3
    N-[1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— Diethyl-[4-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C17H30NO2+
    Diethyl-[4-(2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl)but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— 4'Allyldecahydro-methylspiro(dioxolane29'(1'H)(14)methanonaphth(12C)oxepin)dione —— C21H26O5
    4'Allyldecahydro-methylspiro(dioxolane29'(1'H)(14)methanonaphth(12C)oxepin)dione
    —— (3S,5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3S,5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2S,4S)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H12O5
    ethyl (2S,4S)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2R,4R)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H12O5
    ethyl (2R,4R)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3R,5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3S,5R)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,6R,8R)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one —— C11H16O3
    (1S,6R,8R)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one
    —— (1R,6R,8S)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one —— C11H16O3
    (1R,6R,8S)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one
    —— (1S,6R)-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4,8-dione —— C10H14O3
    (1S,6R)-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4,8-dione
    —— (1S,6R,8S)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one —— C11H16O3
    (1S,6R,8S)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one
    —— 3-carbamimidoylmercapto-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C5H8N2O2S
    3-carbamimidoylmercapto-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-[4-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]-[2-[[4-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]azaniumyl]ethyl]azanium —— C24H36N4O4S2+2
    (Z)-[4-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]-[2-[[4-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]azaniumyl]ethyl]azanium
    —— 10'-Oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,4'-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane]-2'-carboxylic acid —— C13H16O6
    10'-Oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,4'-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane]-2'-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-chloro-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one —— C6H7ClO4S
    6-chloro-5,5-dioxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one
    —— [1-(4-Hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H23N3O3
    [1-(4-Hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea
    —— 13-Phenyl-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,15-dione —— C20H24O3
    13-Phenyl-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,15-dione
    —— ethyl (2S,3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    ethyl (2S,3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H5Cl3O2
    (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one