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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (6S)-6-(1-bromo-2-phenylethenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    (6S)-6-(1-bromo-2-phenylethenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(2R,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C13H24N2O2S
    [(2R,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(2R,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C13H24N2O2S
    [(2R,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxido-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-2-ium-6-one —— C7H9NO5
    (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxido-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-2-ium-6-one
    —— N'-[(2S)-3-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dioxo-2-phenyloxolan-2-yl]oxybenzenecarboximidamide —— C24H18N2O5
    N'-[(2S)-3-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dioxo-2-phenyloxolan-2-yl]oxybenzenecarboximidamide
    —— (3aR,6R,6aS)-6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one —— C13H13NO4
    (3aR,6R,6aS)-6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one
    —— (1S,4S,8S,10Z,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C18H26O3S
    (1S,4S,8S,10Z,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— 2-[(2R,4R)-2-[(3R,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO4
    2-[(2R,4R)-2-[(3R,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— (1R,2R,5S,6R,7S)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one —— C10H9Cl3O3
    (1R,2R,5S,6R,7S)-5-hydroxy-5-(trichloromethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (3R,6R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3R,6R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3R,6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6S)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C9H10BrCl3O3
    (5R,6S)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C9H10BrCl3O3
    (5S,6S)-5-bromo-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (2S,3S)-2-heptyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C12H20O4
    (2S,3S)-2-heptyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20ClNO3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,6S)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3R,6S)-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C12H16N2O2
    (4R)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C12H16N2O2
    (4S)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S)-N-[(E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21BrN2O3
    (1R,4S)-N-[(E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (5S,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H14BrClO3
    (5S,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H14BrClO3
    (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-1-(4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H26N2O3
    (1R,4S)-1-(4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H31NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C12H20O3
    (1S,5R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— ethyl (3R)-3-benzyl-5,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C19H24O5
    ethyl (3R)-3-benzyl-5,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3E,5S)-5-methyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylamino)methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10N4O2
    (3E,5S)-5-methyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylamino)methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate —— C9H13NO2S2
    [(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate —— C9H13NO2S2
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate
    —— (5R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (5R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyl-5-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C15H18O3
    3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyl-5-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— (6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17FO3
    (6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— Δ<sup>4</sup>-6β-Hydroxy-androsten-dion-(3,17)-carbonsaeure-(19)-lacton 27483-81-4 C19H22O4
    Δ<sup>4</sup>-6β-Hydroxy-androsten-dion-(3,17)-carbonsaeure-(19)-lacton
    —— (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3S)-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3E,5R)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H11NO3
    (3E,5R)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R)-3,4,4,5,5-pentamethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3R)-3,4,4,5,5-pentamethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,5S)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7N3O2
    (3Z,5S)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (3R)-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H6O5
    methyl (3R)-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4S)-4-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21FO3
    (3R,4S)-4-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— Thiazolidine,3-methyl,4-one,2-(ylidene,4-hydroxy, butanoicacid,lactone,2-methine) —— C8H9NO3S
    Thiazolidine,3-methyl,4-one,2-(ylidene,4-hydroxy, butanoicacid,lactone,2-methine)
    —— (3S,5S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O4
    (3S,5S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,7Z,10S,11R,13S,16R,19R,20S)-10,11,20-trimethyl-2,4,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.5.2.03,7.010,19.016,20]icosa-5,7-dien-15-one —— C20H26O4
    (1R,3S,7Z,10S,11R,13S,16R,19R,20S)-10,11,20-trimethyl-2,4,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.5.2.03,7.010,19.016,20]icosa-5,7-dien-15-one
    —— Sphaeropsidin D —— C20H26O6
    Sphaeropsidin D
    —— (5S)-7-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione —— C10H10O4
    (5S)-7-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
    —— [(3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O5
    [(3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3aR,6aS)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (3aR,6aS)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,6aR)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (3aS,6aR)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one