内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aS,9S,9aR)-3-Oxo-1,3,3a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[a]azulene-9-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 87306-56-7 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R,8S)-8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-iodo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 870288-19-0 | C12H18INO4 |
| —— | (SR)-3-methylene-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1416429-41-8 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,7S,8S,9R)-9-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methyl-4,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0(2,7)]dodecan-3-one | 1352577-37-7 | C17H30O4Si |
| —— | 4-(octylsulfanylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 108615-99-2 | C12H22O2S |
| —— | 3-bromomethyl-2-carbomethoxy-11,11-dimethyl-6-methoxy-5-oxatricyclo<7,3,0,03,7>dodec-8-en-4-one | 77645-57-9 | C17H23BrO5 |
| —— | (1R,5S,10S,12S)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-12-ethenyl-3-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.01,5]tridec-8-en-2-one | 1384477-63-7 | C20H32O3Si |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S,7R,8S)-7-hydroxy-2,6,14-trimethyl-4,11-dioxatetracyclo[6.3.3.01,8.02,6]tetradec-13-ene-5,10-dione | 352461-14-4 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 2-<2-Methyl-butyl>-3-isobutyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 93567-65-8 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | (E),4(S),6(S)-6-(2-acetoxy-1-methyl-vinyl)-4-[(R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-[1,3]dioxan-2-one | 676251-88-0 | C18H32O6Si |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 69246-97-5 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-oct-7-in-saeure-lacton | 92187-89-8 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,9-dioxaspiro[3.5]nonan-8-one | 74794-19-7 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 4.6-Dideoxy-L-lyxo-hexonsaeure | 33303-00-3 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | [(1S,3aS,4R,6aS)-4-methoxy-3a-methyl-3,6-dioxo-1,4,5,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-1-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 171924-73-5 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | (R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 131915-31-6 | C20H24O3Si |
| —— | (R)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 1188416-41-2 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-C-methyl-3,4-dideoxy-α-D-threo-pyranosidurono-δ-lactone | 80532-28-1 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R)-2-(3'-hydroxypropyl)-3-iodo-1-oxocyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone | 796866-85-8 | C10H13IO4 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-5-(2-methyl-3-oxo-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 107183-99-3 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 7,8,11,12-Tetramethyl-10-oxo-9-oxatricyclo<5.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodeca-2,4,11-trien-6-carbonsaeure-methylester | 80673-64-9 | C17H20O4 |
| —— | 3-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl]oxolan-2-one | 1228116-15-1 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 3-methylene-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-6-carboxylic acid | 65460-93-7 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,10S,13S)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-13-ethenyl-3-oxatricyclo[8.4.0.01,5]tetradec-8-en-2-one | 1384477-71-7 | C21H34O3Si |
| —— | Acetic acid (S)-1-((R)-2,6-dioxo-oxonan-5-yl)-ethyl ester | 68847-14-3 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3,8-dimethylene-2-oxo-decahydro-indeno[4,5-b]furan-5-carbaldehyde | 63832-99-5 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 12-epi-teucrin | 51918-98-0 | C19H20O5 |
| —— | 6-Brom-8-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-on | 61009-54-9 | C9H9BrCl2O2 |
| —— | (8α,9β,14β)-11α-carboxy-11β,13β-(γ-lactone)-2-methoxy-17β-vinylgona-1,3,5(10)-triene (5,6-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranos-3-yl) ester | 1107647-63-1 | C31H38O10 |
| —— | 126614-77-5 | C21H17NO9 | |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (3aS,5S,6aS)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 68372-67-8 | C8H12O5S |
| —— | 13-methoxy-2-methyl-15-methylidene-14-propan-2-yl-10,12-dioxapentacyclo[7.3.3.22,8.01,9.03,7]heptadeca-3(7),13-diene-11,16-dione | 127668-90-0 | C21H24O5 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-84-6 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | simvastatin | 134004-69-6 | C25H38O5 |
| —— | Desoxy-verbanol | 92015-97-9 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 25-Dehydroxymethyl, 25-oxomonensin | 83587-69-3 | C35H58O10 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,6R<sup>*</sup>)-4-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 136031-59-9 | C16H22O3 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 111853-13-5 | C14H26O3Si |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R,7R,8R,11R)-6-ethenyl-7-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-11-(methoxymethoxy)-7-methyl-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)-9-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodec-4-en-10-one | 1362110-35-7 | C25H32O7 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride | 777-45-7 | C11H8O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5S,6R)-3-oxo-8-piperidin-1-yl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 136713-49-0 | C14H21NO4 |
| —— | ethyl t-4-carbamoyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane-r-1-carboxylate | 134951-39-6 | C11H15NO5 |
| —— | (1r,4r,6R,7S,8R,9S)-6,7,8,9-tetrakis(chloromethyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-3-one | 113503-47-2 | C12H16Cl4O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4-carboxylate | 1240483-07-1 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | 5-Jodo-1-methoxy-8-methylbicyclo<2.2.2>octan-lacton | 67100-62-3 | C11H15IO3 |
| —— | 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-5-oxa-1,2,3,4,4a(R),7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 126359-53-3 | C25H42O6 |
| —— | 3-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methylene)-6-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 136495-15-3 | C11H18O2S2 |
| —— | (1R,8R,9R,10R)-10-methyl-3-oxo-9-prop-2-enyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9-carbaldehyde | 1378319-20-0 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methylene-5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128813-17-2 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-Hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)propanoic acid 1,4-lactone | 135974-89-9 | C11H16O2 |
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