内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Acetic acid (3R,4R,4aR,5R,6R,8aR)-6-acetoxy-4-acetylamino-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-isochromen-5-yl ester | 105866-08-8 | C16H23NO8 |
| —— | (6R)-1(S),7(R)-dimethyl-2(S)-bromo-4(R)-acetoxy-8-oxo-9-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonane | 112321-06-9 | C12H17BrO4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,6S,7S,8S)-7-Iodo-9-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.1.02,8]undecan-10-one | 120329-67-1 | C10H13IO2 |
| —— | 6-methyl-6-(3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-ynyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391710-60-3 | C12H20O2Si |
| —— | 88558-57-0 | C16H22O4S | |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-(2H)-pyran-2-one | 89395-27-7 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (2'R,4S,4aR,5R,7S,8aR)-2'-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-3',3'-dimethyl-7-prop-2-enylspiro[4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-isochromene-4,1'-cyclohexane]-1-one | 1448616-44-1 | C26H46O4Si |
| —— | (11<i>S</i>)-6α-hydroxy-8-oxo-ambrosan-12-oic acid-lactone | 111528-51-9 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3R,3aR,3a1R,6aR,7aS,11aS,11bR)-1,2-bis((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3a-hydroxy-3,8,11a-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,6a,7,7a,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydro-5H-3,3a1-(epoxymethano)dibenzo[de,g]chromen-5-one | 919301-69-2 | C32H56O6Si2 |
| —— | 133611-57-1 | C17H28Cl2O2 | |
| —— | (E)-3-benzylidene-5,5-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 101458-39-3 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5aR,6aS,7S,8S,10aS,10bR,10cR)-3-Hydroxy-10c-hydroxymethyl-8-methoxy-7,10a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-5-oxa-acephenanthrylen-4-one | 100467-49-0 | C19H30O5 |
| —— | (11S)-1,1-ethanediyldimercapto-8α-hydroxy-eudesma-3,5-dien-12-oic acid-lactone | 109721-47-3 | C17H22O2S2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 57735-28-1 | C7H7NO2 |
| —— | (R)-6-ethyl-6-methyloxepan-2-one | 1004989-05-2 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | β-Butyl-γ-methyl-γ-valerolacton | 21963-31-5 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-1-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-c][1,2]oxazol-5-one | 102341-89-9 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | (3aS,5S,6S,8aR)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 121921-40-2 | C16H28O3Si |
| —— | 9,10-anhydro-(8S)-8-fluoroerythronolide B 6,9-hemiketal | 92051-79-1 | C21H35FO6 |
| —— | (5E)-4-butyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-oxathiecin-2-one | 131887-98-4 | C12H20O2S |
| —— | (1S,5S,6S,12S,16S)-16-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-12-hydroxy-7-methoxy-15,18,18-trimethyl-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadeca-7,10,14-trien-3-one | 183139-08-4 | C26H40O6Si |
| —— | 2-ethyl-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 2867-95-0 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 6-(1-Bromo-2-methyl-propenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 81036-74-0 | C9H13BrO2 |
| —— | 5t-Benzyl-3c-hydroxy-cyclohexan-1c-carbonsaeure-lacton | 95012-19-4 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 3-butyl-5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,4]oxazin-2-one | 53153-48-3 | C10H17NO2 |
| —— | (1R,4S)-8-Bromo-4-methoxymethoxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 83573-19-7 | C9H11BrO4 |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>,5R<sup>*</sup>,8S<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-diphenyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 89536-33-4 | C19H16O4 |
| —— | 4,7-Diphenyl-4,7,8,9-tetrahydro-hydrinden-8,9-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 112116-85-5 | C23H20O3 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-6-(1,3,6,8-tetramethyl-fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 100430-78-2 | C23H24O3 |
| —— | (4aR,8aR)-4a-Methyl-6,6-dioxo-octahydro-6λ<sup>6</sup>-thiopyrano[4,3-b]pyran-2-one | 139308-82-0 | C9H14O4S |
| —— | D-Erythrono-γ-lacton | 13016-40-5 | C4H6O4 |
| —— | 10074-55-2 | C13H20O3 | |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 352215-15-7 | C12H21BrO3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R)-2-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 74320-47-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-((R)-1-iodo-butyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 104462-54-6 | C9H15IO3 |
| —— | (3aR,7aR)-7a-Methyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,7-dione | 139197-13-0 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | opt.inakt. 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-buttersaeure-4-lacton | 3552-31-6 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 11β,18a-Epoxy-3-aethylendioxy-16-oxo-18a-methyl-18-homo-androstatrien-(5,14,18) | 119211-92-6 | C23H28O4 |
| —— | 17β-Acetoxy-3-oxa-A-homo-5β-androstan-4-on | 52129-16-5 | C21H32O4 |
| —— | 3-diethylaminomethyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 57691-42-6 | C15H21NO2 |
| —— | teugracilin B | 140460-38-4 | C22H28O8 |
| —— | (3aα,5aα,8β,8aα,8bα)-Decahydro-8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-cyclopenta<de>-1-benzopyran-4,4-dicarbonsaeure-dimethylester | 110027-78-6 | C16H22O6 |
| —— | (4aR,8aS)-4a-Methyl-hexahydro-thiopyrano[4,3-b]pyran-2-one | 139069-17-3 | C9H14O2S |
| —— | 1-acetyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-6-pentyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one | 123518-12-7 | C16H26O3 |
| —— | bromo-4 tert-butyl-8 one-7 oxa-6 bicyclo octane <3.2.1> | 85513-82-2 | C11H17BrO2 |
| —— | O-Methansulfonyl-D-(+)-pantolacton | 20374-32-7 | C7H12O5S |
| —— | 3-(4-chlorobutyl)oxepan-2-one | 163012-21-3 | C10H17ClO2 |
| —— | rel-(1R,4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 111917-75-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R)-4-Thioxo-3,5,10-trioxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-9-one | 116409-61-1 | C8H8O4S |
| —— | 6-Formyl-7-methyl-9-oxo-8-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undecane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 59104-48-2 | C14H18O5 |
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