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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-4-butanolide —— C13H14O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 52946-17-5 C7H12O3
    5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-4-butanolide —— C13H14O4
    cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxybut-1-ynyl)oxolan-2-one 1338347-33-3 C8H10O3
    5-(4-Hydroxybut-1-ynyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl)propanal 127299-66-5 C7H10O3
    3-(5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl)propanal
    —— 5-(3Z)-3-hexen-1-yldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 155682-86-3 C10H16O2
    5-(3Z)-3-hexen-1-yldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— γ-(Z)-dec-7-enlactone 63095-33-0 C10H16O2
    γ-(Z)-dec-7-enlactone
    —— (-)-(5S)-dihydro-5-(3'-hydroxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone 98611-84-8 C7H12O3
    (-)-(5S)-dihydro-5-(3'-hydroxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-(-)-γ-jasmolactone 156041-99-5 C10H16O2
    (S)-(-)-γ-jasmolactone
    —— S-(-)-γ-butyrolactone-γ-3-propionic acid 98611-86-0 C7H10O4
    S-(-)-γ-butyrolactone-γ-3-propionic acid
    —— dihydro-5-(3'-chloropropyl)-2(3H)-furanone 100859-59-4 C7H11ClO2
    dihydro-5-(3'-chloropropyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— dihydro-5-(3'-trifluoroacetoxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone 144829-15-2 C9H11F3O4
    dihydro-5-(3'-trifluoroacetoxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— R-(+)-γ-butyrolactone-γ-3-propionic acid 98611-83-7 C7H10O4
    R-(+)-γ-butyrolactone-γ-3-propionic acid
    —— (4S,5R)-5-Bromo-1-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-2-one —— C8H11BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-Bromo-1-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1427207-34-8 C7H12O3
    (4R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,5S,1'R)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-hydroxy-5-(1'-phenylethoxy) pentanoic acid lactone 459870-98-5 C19H30O4Si
    (3R,5S,1'R)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-hydroxy-5-(1'-phenylethoxy) pentanoic acid lactone
    —— β-methyl-β-hydroxy-γ-phenyl-γ-carbomethoxybutyrolactone 104865-45-4 C13H14O5
    β-methyl-β-hydroxy-γ-phenyl-γ-carbomethoxybutyrolactone
    —— (R,S)-Tetrahydro-6-(4-oxopentyl)-2H-pyran-2-on 30658-25-4 C10H16O3
    (R,S)-Tetrahydro-6-(4-oxopentyl)-2H-pyran-2-on
    —— β-methyl-β,γ-dihydroxy-γ-phenylbutyrolactone 104865-46-5 C11H12O4
    β-methyl-β,γ-dihydroxy-γ-phenylbutyrolactone
    —— diethyl ((1RS,5SR)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-yl)phosphonate —— C9H15O5P
    diethyl ((1RS,5SR)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-yl)phosphonate
    —— (-)-9-oxo-5(S)-hydroxydecanoic acid lactone 36288-49-0 C10H16O3
    (-)-9-oxo-5(S)-hydroxydecanoic acid lactone
    —— (R)-(+)-3-Heptene-6-olide 126230-58-8 C7H10O2
    (R)-(+)-3-Heptene-6-olide
    —— (1α,2β,4β,6α)-3,8-dioxatricyclo<4.2.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>>nonan-7-one 93000-77-2 C7H8O3
    (1α,2β,4β,6α)-3,8-dioxatricyclo<4.2.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>>nonan-7-one
    —— 2β-bromo-3-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>octane-4α,6α-carbolactone 127268-78-4 C9H9BrO3
    2β-bromo-3-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>octane-4α,6α-carbolactone
    —— 3,4-Diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 90370-85-7 C8H14O2
    3,4-Diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-Aminodihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 152580-51-3 C5H9NO2
    4-Aminodihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 108380-23-0 C6H10O3
    5-(2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4aR,5R,7S,7aR)-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one 180469-61-8 C20H40O4Si2
    (4aR,5R,7S,7aR)-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— dihydro-5-methyl-5-(methylethyl)-2-(3H)-furanone 78238-81-0 C8H14O2
    dihydro-5-methyl-5-(methylethyl)-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 193095-16-8 C11H22O3Si
    5-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— dihydro-4-acetoxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C7H10O4
    dihydro-4-acetoxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2,3-dimethyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 160168-51-4 C9H12O5
    2,3-dimethyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (+/-)β-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-δ-valerolactone 140629-06-7 C11H22O3Si
    (+/-)β-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-δ-valerolactone
    —— 4-chloro-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 136576-81-3 C5H7ClO2
    4-chloro-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— γ,γ-Diallyl-γ-butyrolactone 86816-19-5 C10H14O2
    γ,γ-Diallyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— ethyl 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 123489-20-3 C10H16O4
    ethyl 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-(2-thienyl)-4-butanolide 75288-37-8 C8H8O2S
    4-(2-thienyl)-4-butanolide
    —— (+)-methylenolactocin methyl ester 163857-19-0 C12H18O4
    (+)-methylenolactocin methyl ester
    —— (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone 165605-79-8 C9H16O3
    (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— 2,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonsaeure 98391-95-8 C7H10O4
    2,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonsaeure
    —— (4S,5S)-cis-crobarbatic acid —— C7H10O4
    (4S,5S)-cis-crobarbatic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-3-methyl-4-phenylbutan-4-olide —— C11H12O2
    (3S,4R)-3-methyl-4-phenylbutan-4-olide
    —— trans-3-methyl-4-phenylbutan-4-olide 26704-17-6 C11H12O2
    trans-3-methyl-4-phenylbutan-4-olide
    —— (R)-5-methyl-5-(1'-methyl)ethyl-(3H)-4,5-dihydro-2-furanone 92721-05-6 C8H14O2
    (R)-5-methyl-5-(1'-methyl)ethyl-(3H)-4,5-dihydro-2-furanone
    —— 5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-δ-valerolactone 247246-42-0 C7H12O3
    5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— trans-3-methylene-4-phenyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C12H12O2
    trans-3-methylene-4-phenyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadecyl-4-pentadecylideneoxetan-2-one 67845-95-8 C34H64O2
    3-Hexadecyl-4-pentadecylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4S,6S,7aS)-4-[(E)-(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-oct-2-enyl]-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one 186664-12-0 C32H44O5Si
    (3aS,4S,6S,7aS)-4-[(E)-(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-oct-2-enyl]-6-methoxy-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-1-oxaspiro<3.5>nonan-2-one 121821-93-0 C9H14O2
    3-methyl-1-oxaspiro<3.5>nonan-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-3-methylene-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one 26735-79-5 C11H16O2
    4-methyl-3-methylene-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one