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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[(3R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide —— C12H21NO4
    3-[(3R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
    —— 3-[(3R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide —— C12H21NO4
    3-[(3R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
    —— 3-[(3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide —— C12H21NO4
    3-[(3S,5R)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
    —— 3-[(3S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide —— C12H21NO4
    3-[(3S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
    —— ethyl 2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C10H16O4
    ethyl 2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— ethyl 2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C10H16O4
    ethyl 2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O5
    (3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,4S,8R,9S,10S,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O4
    (1R,4S,8R,9S,10S,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C10H10O3
    (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (S)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-(5H)-furan-2-one —— C10H10O3
    (S)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-(5H)-furan-2-one
    —— 8alpha-Hydroxyachillin —— C15H18O4
    8alpha-Hydroxyachillin
    —— (6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    (6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    (6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (3S)-3-benzyl-5,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C19H24O5
    ethyl (3S)-3-benzyl-5,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (6S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(2-phenylethynyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C17H18O3
    (6S)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(2-phenylethynyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H19NO4
    (1R,4S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H19NO4
    (1S,4R)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(2-phenylethynyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C17H18O3
    (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(2-phenylethynyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-N,N-di(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    (4S)-2-oxo-N,N-di(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-cyclohexyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H25NO3
    (1S,4R)-N-cyclohexyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N-cyclohexyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H25NO3
    (1R,4S)-N-cyclohexyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (4S)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (4R)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 7-phenylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-6,7-carbolactone —— C14H14O2
    7-phenylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-6,7-carbolactone
    —— (3S)-3-(2-phenylacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    (3S)-3-(2-phenylacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— propan-2-yl (1R,2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    propan-2-yl (1R,2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-(2-phenylacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H12O3
    (3R)-3-(2-phenylacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(2S)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(2S)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1R,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H19NO2
    (1S,4R)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— (1S,4S)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H19NO2
    (1S,4S)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,4S)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H19NO2
    (1R,4S)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— (1R,4R)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H19NO2
    (1R,4R)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— (3S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21ClO3
    (3S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (5R,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    (5R,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    (5R,6R)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    (5S,6R)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    (5S,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6S)-6-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (5R,6S)-6-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (5S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (5S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6S)-6-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    (5R,6S)-6-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H18O3
    (5R,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H18O3
    (5S,6S)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    (5R,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    (5S,6S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H18O3
    (5S,6R)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    (5S,6R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C16H19NO3
    (4R)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide