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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,3,4,4-Tetrachlorooxolan-2-one;tungsten 18131-84-5 C4H2Cl4O2W
    3,3,4,4-Tetrachlorooxolan-2-one;tungsten
    —— 9-Ethyl-4,7,8,9-tetrahydrooxonin-2(3H)-one 172986-87-7 C10H16O2
    9-Ethyl-4,7,8,9-tetrahydrooxonin-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-3-Butyryl-4-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 160496-68-4 C9H14O4
    (S)-3-Butyryl-4-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-Thiazol-2-yl-dihydro-furan-2-one 139721-29-2 C7H7NO2S
    (S)-5-Thiazol-2-yl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— trans-β-methyl-γ-propyl-γ-lactone 102587-21-3 C8H14O2
    trans-β-methyl-γ-propyl-γ-lactone
    —— (1S)-1-Bromo-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione 10333-96-7 C10H13BrO3
    (1S)-1-Bromo-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxybutylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione 27424-83-5 C10H14O4
    3-(1-Hydroxybutylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Ethyl-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one 20474-01-5 C9H16O2
    3-Ethyl-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 7-Methyl-4-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)oxepan-2-one 368439-19-4 C10H16O3
    7-Methyl-4-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(Tetradec-5-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 366468-93-1 C18H32O2
    (5S)-5-(Tetradec-5-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R,6S)-4,6-Bis-triethylsilanyloxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one 496050-89-6 C20H40O4Si2
    (4S,5R,6S)-4,6-Bis-triethylsilanyloxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one 587888-17-3 C10H16O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)sulfanyl]oxolan-2-one 55531-84-5 C10H18O4S
    3-[(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)sulfanyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-Ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one 55091-74-2 C7H12O2
    (3S,5S)-3-Ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3,5-Di-tert-butyloxolan-2-one 55091-70-8 C12H22O2
    (3R,5R)-3,5-Di-tert-butyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3,5-Di-tert-butyloxolan-2-one 55091-69-5 C12H22O2
    (3R,5S)-3,5-Di-tert-butyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-((E)-1,1-Dimethyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 53143-89-8 C10H16O2
    3-((E)-1,1-Dimethyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 502760-23-8 C10H16O2
    4-(1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-(Octa-2,7-dien-2-yl)oxolan-2-one 502760-25-0 C12H18O2
    4-(Octa-2,7-dien-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4H-3,7-Methanobenzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-d]oxonine-4,6(10H)-dione 5649-44-5 C18H12O3
    4H-3,7-Methanobenzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-d]oxonine-4,6(10H)-dione
    —— 3-(Chloromethylidene)oxetan-2-one 675200-44-9 C4H3ClO2
    3-(Chloromethylidene)oxetan-2-one
    —— 3-{1-[(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)amino]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one 66045-36-1 C8H10N4O2
    3-{1-[(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)amino]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one
    —— 2,3,3a,4-Tetrahydro-6H-furo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-one 65902-89-8 C5H6N2O2
    2,3,3a,4-Tetrahydro-6H-furo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-one
    —— 4-Benzylideneoxolan-2-one 65434-73-3 C11H10O2
    4-Benzylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3,6-Diethyl-3-methyloxan-2-one 64971-86-4 C10H18O2
    3,6-Diethyl-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 5-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-4-phenyloxolan-2-one 64501-97-9 C12H10Cl2O2
    5-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1-Bromo-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione 63751-92-8 C6H5BrO3
    1-Bromo-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— 4,5-Dimethyl-5-(4-oxo-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 63517-78-2 C11H18O3
    4,5-Dimethyl-5-(4-oxo-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-Chloro-8-(3-hydroxyoct-1-EN-1-YL)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 63377-35-5 C15H23ClO3
    6-Chloro-8-(3-hydroxyoct-1-EN-1-YL)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S)-4-Fluoro-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 634152-48-0 C10H15FO2
    (1R,4R,5S)-4-Fluoro-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 5-Chloro-6,6,6a-trimethylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 62976-47-0 C10H15ClO2
    5-Chloro-6,6,6a-trimethylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Chloropentylidene)-4-methyloxetan-2-one 627526-65-2 C9H13ClO2
    3-(1-Chloropentylidene)-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— Octahydro-2H-4,7-methano-1-benzopyran-2-one 6715-15-7 C10H14O2
    Octahydro-2H-4,7-methano-1-benzopyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-(Propan-2-yl)-4-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]oxetan-2-one 652150-98-6 C11H18O2Si
    (3R,4R)-3-(Propan-2-yl)-4-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— 5-(Iodomethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one 64240-54-6 C13H15IO2
    5-(Iodomethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-5-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 643755-78-6 C7H10O3
    (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-5-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl propanoate 64245-81-4 C8H12O4
    (5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl propanoate
    —— 4-Butyl-4-methyloxane-2,6-dione 63537-36-0 C10H16O3
    4-Butyl-4-methyloxane-2,6-dione
    —— 9-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one 63626-79-9 C9H14O3
    9-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-<(Z,E)-prop-2-enyl>butanolid 62687-44-9 C9H14O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-<(Z,E)-prop-2-enyl>butanolid
    —— 4-Chloro-1,4,5-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 62511-68-6 C8H11ClO2
    4-Chloro-1,4,5-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethylidene-5-hexyloxolan-2-one 62527-66-6 C12H20O2
    3-Ethylidene-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one 62527-59-7 C6H8O3
    3-(Hydroxymethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(Butylsulfanyl)methylidene]-5-hexyloxolan-2-one 62527-63-3 C15H26O2S
    3-[(Butylsulfanyl)methylidene]-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Hexyl-3-pentylideneoxolan-2-one 62527-70-2 C15H26O2
    5-Hexyl-3-pentylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(Butylsulfanyl)methylidene]-5-methyloxolan-2-one 62527-62-2 C10H16O2S
    3-[(Butylsulfanyl)methylidene]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Hexyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one 62527-60-0 C11H18O3
    5-Hexyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1,5-Dimethyl-4-methylidene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 62499-83-6 C8H10O2
    1,5-Dimethyl-4-methylidene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 1,2,5-Trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl acetate 62499-90-5 C10H14O4
    1,2,5-Trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan 62484-80-4 C9H14O3
    4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan