内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-propenyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100066-96-4 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | 4,6-Dideoxy-L-lyxo-hexonolacton | 13964-32-4 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | 1598406-06-4 | C12H20O4S | |
| —— | 4-exo,8-exo-dibromo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one | 75758-58-6 | C7H6Br2O2 |
| —— | γ-Methyl-γ-aethyl-δ-valerolacton | 3893-47-8 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 5-methyl-5-phenylazo-dihydro-furan-2-one | 25554-91-0 | C11H12N2O2 |
| —— | 6-(3-bromophenyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione | 1449584-17-1 | C11H9BrO3 |
| —— | 5-(chloromethyl)-5-cyclohexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1217263-94-9 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-L-xylono-1,4-lactone | 78138-90-6 | C5H6Br2O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S,6S)-4-Methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-((R)-1-methyl-allyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 73991-94-3 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 4(S)-methyl-3(S)-(1(S),4-dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 106237-50-7 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 20-oxo-teuflavin | 92357-25-0 | C22H26O8 |
| —— | 4-Acetyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 95891-77-3 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 4-dichloromethyl-oxetan-2-one | 71494-15-0 | C4H4Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-isohexyl-3-methyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 858251-01-1 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-isochromen-3-one | 107057-62-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 7,7-Dimethyl-9-(2-methyl-allyl)-4,5,6,6a,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]oxocin-3-one | 102745-28-8 | C16H24O2 |
| —— | 1427029-61-5 | C13H18O5 | |
| —— | [(1S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3,3-bis(methylsulfanyl)-2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate | 141134-85-2 | C26H44O5S2 |
| —— | 6-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid | 110060-68-9 | C18H16O4 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)oxan-2-one | 132282-08-7 | C14H26O3S2Si |
| —— | (S)-5-((S)-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)allyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 682342-37-6 | C16H30O3Si |
| —— | 3,3-Dichloro-5-methyl-5-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 115476-65-8 | C11H10Cl2O2Se |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-methyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one | 504412-44-6 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxy-4-[2-(2-pentyl-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 122220-91-1 | C17H28O3S2 |
| —— | 3-[(E)-1-Methyl-3-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-allylsulfanyl]-propionic acid methyl ester | 109387-84-0 | C13H20O4S |
| —— | 3a-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 92015-90-2 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | cis-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1,6-dione | 72525-94-1 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 145175-67-3 | C10H18O2 | |
| —— | (R)-3-methyl-1-((S)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)butyl methanesulfonate | 1292778-99-4 | C10H18O5S |
| —— | mevalonolactone 14C-3' | 82896-31-9 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-10-methylen-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-on | 81053-71-6 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (5aS,9aR)-5a,9,9-Trimethyl-9a-vinyl-octahydro-benzo[b]oxepin-2-one | 75154-34-6 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | 3-perfluoro-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-dioxan-2-one | 129282-33-3 | C8H5F9O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-3-Chloro-5-chloromethyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 111054-86-5 | C7H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S,9R)-9-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-2-en-7-one | 82830-71-5 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 8-hydroxy-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-3-one | 479072-25-8 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | rel-(3R,5R)-Dihydro-3-pentyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | 166116-78-5 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (R)-dihydro-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 1628563-57-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3,4-dimethoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 78465-01-7 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-1-oxo-2,2-difluoro-3β-acetoxy-4α-<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-5β-<(benzyloxy)methyl>-1,5-oxidopentane | 143842-56-2 | C32H36F2O6Si |
| —— | 3-butyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 19340-55-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (4S,4aS,5S,7aR,8R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,4a,5,7a,8,9,9a-decahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 72341-81-2 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aS,9S,9aS,9bR)-9-Hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-2-oxo-dodecahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 72341-96-9 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | 1427029-85-3 | C11H16O3 | |
| —— | 144067-23-2 | C18H26O7 | |
| —— | 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,8-dione | 1380424-83-8 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 3-Brom-4,5,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-on | 80945-99-9 | C8H11BrO2 |
| —— | 107201-00-3 | C11H16O3 | |
| —— | α-Propyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure | 14001-09-3 | C8H12O4 |
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