内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Benzyliden-1,1-cyclopentan-dicarboxylat | 100886-60-0 | C14H14O4 |
| —— | 3-Chlor-3-methyl-4-trichlormethyl)-2-oxetanon | 34819-59-5 | C5H4Cl4O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-(2-Chloromethyl-allyl)-4-((E)-3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 853075-03-3 | C12H15ClO3 |
| —— | (1α,2α,3β,8β,9α,10α,11β,12β)-6-Oxo-5-oxapentacyclo<8.2.2.24,7.02,9.03,8>hexadeca-13,15-dien-11,12-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 104505-52-4 | C17H14O5 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-[3-(dimethylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropionyloxy]-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 109233-96-7 | C26H39NO6 |
| —— | 9-Butyl-7-methyl-oxonan-2-one | 93567-61-4 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-5-Hydroxy-3,3,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-heptansaeure-lacton | 92016-04-1 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 13-acetoxy-3,4-seco-20-nor-16-epi-gibberell-2-en-7-oic acid 19,10-lactone 7-methyl ester | 699021-74-4 | C22H30O6 |
| —— | (R)-3-methylene-5-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1384155-99-0 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | α-(1-hydroxy)ethyl-ε-caprolactone | 473915-00-3 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-6-hydroxy-2,7-dioxo-(3a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-3,3a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2<i>H</i>-3<i>t</i>,,6<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-9<i>syn</i>-carboxylic acid | 20390-83-4 | C11H10O6 |
| —— | 7-Hydroxy-6-(6-cyan-3-hydroxy-1-hexenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-on | 69868-97-9 | C14H19NO4 |
| —— | Tetrahydro-colletodiol | 43112-30-7 | C14H24O6 |
| —— | 3-[((1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)-amino]-propionyl chloride | 98897-69-9 | C13H18ClNO4 |
| —— | 5-Aethoxy-3-phenyl-3-propyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on | 93571-64-3 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (1S,5S,8R)-4-Methyl-9-methylene-3-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecane-2,6-dione | 130529-18-9 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 4-Cyclohexyl-3,3-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one | 132835-45-1 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3,3,4,4-Di-tetramethylen-γ-butyrolacton | 57495-35-9 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | <1α(SR),2β(SR),5α>-2-<<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-3-furanylmethyl>-α,2-dimethyl-5-methoxy-3-oxocyclopentaneethanethioic acid S-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester | 143470-82-0 | C25H42O5SSi |
| —— | 5,8-Dihydroxy-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-<1>naphthoesaeure-1->8-lacton | 103986-78-3 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 133337-04-9 | C14H16O4 | |
| —— | (5S)-2-methylene-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-tetradecanolide | 130322-92-8 | C22H42O3Si |
| —— | N-tert-butyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide | 1529773-39-4 | C16H19NO3 |
| —— | swerosid aglucone O-ethyl ether | 124224-97-1 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 1-Methyl-Δ<sup>2</sup>-cyclohexenyl-essigsaeure-δ-iodo-γ-lacton | 100860-87-5 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | 5-[(3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z)-14-((2R,3S)-3-Ethyl-oxiranyl)-1-iodo-tetradeca-3,6,9,12-tetraenyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 273394-45-9 | C22H31IO3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-(dec-7-ynyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1092798-51-0 | C20H26O2 |
| —— | 586976-83-2 | C6H10O4 | |
| —— | (4aR,9aS)-4a-Methyl-octahydro-7-oxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one | 94129-16-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | γ-Fluor-γ-phenyl-butyrolacton | 90421-49-1 | C10H9FO2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl-hexansaeure-(1)-lacton | 97023-75-1 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 4-Carboxy-hydrindan-γ-lacton | 26605-05-0 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (R)-5-(4-Methyl-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 125681-33-6 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 1-acetyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-8-chloro-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one | 123518-07-0 | C12H17ClO3 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-12-oxo-2,6,8,10-tetramethyl-9,11,13-trioxapentacyclo<5.3.2.1<sup>2,6</sup>.0<sup>3,10</sup>.0<sup>5.8</sup>>tridecan | 97496-65-6 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (Z)-α-(Bromohexylidene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone | 129178-09-2 | C12H17BrO2 |
| —— | 4-carboxy-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2(3H)-one | 98985-78-5 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 9-Acetyl-11-hydroxy-11-methyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecan-3-one | 10280-38-3 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 2-((3aS,4R,7aR)-3-Hydroxy-4,7a-dimethyl-1-oxo-octahydro-isobenzofuran-4-yl)-benzaldehyde | 4603-20-7 | C17H20O4 |
| —— | 6-(1-(2-bromophenyl)propa-1,2-dienyl)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391710-70-5 | C15H15BrO2 |
| —— | 4a-Hydroxy-perhydro-phenanthren-9.10-dicarbonsaeure-10.4a-lacton | 1797-62-2 | C16H22O4 |
| —— | ((2S,3R)-2-Allyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde | 853075-13-5 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 7,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 16149-83-0 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile | 197153-74-5 | C6H7NO3 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R,7S,8R,9S,11R)-7-hydroxy-2,6,9-trimethyl-4,10,13-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.3.01,8.02,6.09,11]pentadecane-5,14-dione | 936338-15-7 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 4-pivaloyl-δ-valerolactone | 105592-06-1 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R)-3-carboxymethyl-4-hydroxy-<3-oxo-(E)-1-octenyl>-tetrahydrothiophene-γ-lactone | 127269-08-3 | C14H20O3S |
| —— | 4-(2-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2-pyranone | 1553908-94-3 | C11H11FO2 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-[2,2-dimethyl-3-(methylamino)-3-oxopropionyloxy]-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 109234-01-7 | C25H37NO6 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 515868-99-2 | C7H12O4 |
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