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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,4R)-1-[(2S)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1R,4R)-1-[(2S)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,5R)-4,4-diethyl-5,7,7-trimethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C14H24O3
    (1R,5R)-4,4-diethyl-5,7,7-trimethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-methylbutanoic acid [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-oxanyl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] ester —— C24H36O5
    (2S)-2-methylbutanoic acid [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-oxanyl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] ester
    —— ethyl (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate —— C12H18O4
    ethyl (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate
    —— (5S,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16Br2O3
    (5S,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9F3O2
    (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O3
    (5R,6S)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H5Cl3O4
    (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H5Cl3O4
    (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H5Cl3O4
    (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H4Cl3O4-
    (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C8H11O4-
    2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3S,4R)-(-)-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3S,4R)-(-)-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    (1S,2R,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S)-1-(4-ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H27N2O3+
    (1R,4S)-1-(4-ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3R,3aS,4S,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3R,3aS,4S,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— methyl (1S,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate —— C7H8O4
    methyl (1S,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-Brom-2-methyl-butanolid 180185-16-4 C5H7BrO2
    2-Brom-2-methyl-butanolid
    —— (1S,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1S,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5S,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1S,5S,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R)-3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H18O4
    (3R)-3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(1R,7S,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1R,7S,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (1R,4S)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C11H16O2
    (1R,4S)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,5S)-1-chloro-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13ClO3
    (1R,5S)-1-chloro-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5R)-1-chloro-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13ClO3
    (1S,5R)-1-chloro-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4R)-N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO4
    (1R,4R)-N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO4
    (1S,4S)-N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C11H16O2
    (1S,4R)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,5R)-spiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-cyclopropane]-2,4-dione —— C9H10O3
    (1R,5R)-spiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-cyclopropane]-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5S)-spiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-cyclopropane]-2,4-dione —— C9H10O3
    (1S,5S)-spiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-cyclopropane]-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-spiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-cyclopropane]-2,4-dione —— C9H10O3
    (1R,5S)-spiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-cyclopropane]-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione —— C13H16O3
    (1S,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,6R)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione —— C13H16O3
    (1S,6R)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione —— C13H16O3
    (1R,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,2R,4S,7R,8R,10R)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione —— C10H10O4
    (1R,2R,4S,7R,8R,10R)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione
    —— (1R,2R,4S,7R,8R,10S)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione —— C10H10O4
    (1R,2R,4S,7R,8R,10S)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione
    —— (1R,2R,4S,7R,8S,10S)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione —— C10H10O4
    (1R,2R,4S,7R,8S,10S)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione
    —— (1R,11R)-13-oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione —— C15H22O3
    (1R,11R)-13-oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione
    —— (1R,11S)-13-oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione —— C15H22O3
    (1R,11S)-13-oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione
    —— (1S,11S)-13-oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione —— C15H22O3
    (1S,11S)-13-oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione
    —— (1S,2R,5S,8S,9R,12S)-6-oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-7-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,2R,5S,8S,9R,12S)-6-oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-7-one
    —— (1S,2R,5R,8S,9R,12S)-6-oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-7-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,2R,5R,8S,9R,12S)-6-oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-7-one
    —— (1S,5S)-4,4,5-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (1S,5S)-4,4,5-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,6R,9R,10S)-4-oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[8.2.2.02,6.02,9]tetradeca-7,13-diene-11,11,12,12-tetracarbonitrile —— C17H10N4O2
    (1R,2R,6R,9R,10S)-4-oxo-5-oxatetracyclo[8.2.2.02,6.02,9]tetradeca-7,13-diene-11,11,12,12-tetracarbonitrile
    —— (1S,2S,5S,8S,9R,12R)-7-oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-6-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,2S,5S,8S,9R,12R)-7-oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-6-one
    —— (1S,2S,3R,6R,7R,10R)-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,6.03,10]dodeca-4,11-dien-9-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,2S,3R,6R,7R,10R)-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,6.03,10]dodeca-4,11-dien-9-one
    —— (1S,2S,3R,6R,7S,10R)-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,6.03,10]dodeca-4,11-dien-9-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,2S,3R,6R,7S,10R)-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,6.03,10]dodeca-4,11-dien-9-one
    —— (1R,2R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H11BrO4
    (1R,2R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H11BrO4
    (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid