内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | DL-2-triethylstannoxy-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 56150-63-1 | C12H24O3Sn |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-methyl-D-galactonic acid-4-lactone | 92659-93-3 | C7H12O6 |
| —— | Fruticolide | 145854-28-0 | C22H30O6 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS,9aR,9bR)-9b-Hydroxymethyl-9-methoxy-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-benzo[de]chromene-2,7-dione | 97654-86-9 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 7a-(dimethoxymethyl)-3a,6-dihydro-3H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]furan-2-one | 116012-95-4 | C10H14O4S |
| —— | α-Butyl-δ-methyl-δ-hydroxy-γ-caprolacton | 91213-91-1 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 6-Chlor-5-brom-5,6-dimethyl-tetrahydropyron-(2) | 89850-46-4 | C7H10BrClO2 |
| —— | (1aR,3aS,6aS,6bS)-1,1-Dimethyl-octahydro-3-oxa-cyclopropa[e]inden-2-one | 138043-45-5 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (3E)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,8aR)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one | 123522-38-3 | C19H28O3 |
| —— | 1,10,21,30-tetraoxa-cyclotetraconta-4,6,24,26-tetrayne-11,20,31,40-tetraone | 121623-74-3 | C36H48O8 |
| —— | 5-(1,7a-Dimethyl-octahydro-1,4-methano-inden-4-yl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 103762-75-0 | C17H26O2 |
| —— | 5-(3-Chloro-tetrahydro-furan-2-yloxymethyl)-3-octyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57040-36-5 | C20H33ClO6 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-5,5-diphenyldihydrofuran-2-one | 894-15-5 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6S)-6-Bromo-8-[(E)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 78729-63-2 | C21H37BrO3Si |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-tert-butyl-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1403235-90-4 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1436857-03-2 | C17H26O2Si |
| —— | 21-Acetoxy-11β,17α-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-saeure-18,11-lacton | 95440-80-5 | C23H28O7 |
| —— | 1373126-09-0 | C12H12O2 | |
| —— | 4-fluoro-2-oxa-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7-endo-hydroxy-cis-bicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 130410-05-8 | C8H11FO4 |
| —— | (3E,7E)-(1S,10S,11R)-12-Isopropylidene-4,8-dimethyl-16-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.2.0<sup>1,11</sup>]hexadeca-3,7-diene-2,15-dione | 900803-25-0 | C20H26O3 |
| —— | D-Glucuronolacton-octadecanoylhydrazon | 101359-02-8 | C24H44N2O6 |
| —— | (2<i>R</i>)-4<i>t</i>-ethyl-2,3<i>c</i>-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2<i>r</i>,4<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid | 51014-30-3 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | 3,8,11-Trimethoxy-4a,4b,7,10a-tetramethyl-hexadecahydro-2-oxa-chrysen-1-one | 1974-28-3 | C24H40O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-4<i>exo</i>-chloro-5,8<i>anti</i>-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2<i>endo</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 99858-10-3 | C11H15ClO4 |
| —— | (4S,5R,8S)-1,8-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 107744-01-4 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 2-Oxybicyclo<3.2.2>-3-nonanon | 6051-05-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-isopropyl-3-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613041-47-6 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 7-Acetoxy-3-aethoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-phthalid | 2954-06-5 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | 10-Ethyl-10-methyl-2,9,11,14-tetraoxa-dispiro[4.1.5.3]pentadecane-3,6-dione | 93310-07-7 | C14H20O6 |
| —— | ethyl 7-methyl-11-oxo-endo-10-oxatricyclo<5.2.2.02,6>undeca-3,8-diene 8-carboxylate | 134298-24-1 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | Keto-γ-lacton | 93567-94-3 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 2,4,6-Triethyl-5-propyl-hepten-(2)-olid-(1.7) | 93158-12-4 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | 3-Brom-cyclohexylacetursaeure-lacton | 90944-63-1 | C10H14BrNO3 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-tridecen-(8t)-saeure-(1)-lacton | 91975-91-6 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-6-acetoxy-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazole | 133942-58-2 | C13H10ClNO5 |
| —— | (5S,1'S)-5-(1'-methanesulfonyloxy-2'-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 145761-24-6 | C13H16O5S |
| —— | (1'S,3R,4S,5S)-5-<1'-<1'-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2',2',2'-trifluoroethyl>>-3,4-dihydroxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 149902-86-3 | C12H21F3O5Si |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-4-oxaspiro[5.6]dodecane-1,3-dione | 1138153-96-4 | C19H24O3 |
| —— | (S)-5-Methyl-2-nonyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid | 345306-18-5 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | 3-(1,1-Dimethyl-allyl)-2-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-1-one | 52267-03-5 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (3R,5S,1'S)-5-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1015071-61-0 | C14H28O4Si |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-(2-methylallyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 208394-39-2 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,6S,7R,10S)-10-Hydroxy-12-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodeca-3,8-dien-11-one | 131548-63-5 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 184291-88-1 | C65H120N2O11Si3 | |
| —— | 5-iodomethyl-3-tetradecanylidenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 84938-61-4 | C19H33IO2 |
| —— | 8α-acetoxytannunolide E | 131740-78-8 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | 6-methyl-3,3a,5,6,7,8b-hexahydro-2H,8H-furo<3,2-b>benzofuran-2,8-dione | 82537-47-1 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | r-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-c-6-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride | 127762-48-5 | C15H22O6Si |
| —— | (1R,5S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 910028-52-3 | C11H9ClO2 |
| —— | 7,7a-Dihydroxy-hydrindan-4,5-dicarbonsaeure-δ-lacton | 91971-74-3 | C11H14O5 |
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