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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(2S,4S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C15H23NO4
    2-[(2S,4S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— [(2R)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1S,2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(2R)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1S,2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— [(2R)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(2R)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3Z,5S)-5-methyl-3-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    (3Z,5S)-5-methyl-3-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4S,8S,9R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxatricyclo[6.2.2.04,9]dodecane-3,5-dione —— C13H18O4
    (1S,4S,8S,9R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxatricyclo[6.2.2.04,9]dodecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3Z,5R)-5-methyl-3-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    (3Z,5R)-5-methyl-3-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,2R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C8H9BrO4
    (1S,2R,4R,5S)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— [(2R,3S)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C15H22O6
    [(2R,3S)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— [(2R,3R)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C15H22O6
    [(2R,3R)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— [(2S,3S)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C15H22O6
    [(2S,3S)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— [(2S,3R)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C15H22O6
    [(2S,3R)-2-[(E,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypent-1-enyl]-6-oxooxan-3-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1R,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1R,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1R,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1R,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (3S)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C9H14O3
    (3S)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— (3R)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C9H14O3
    (3R)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— ethyl (2S,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    ethyl (2S,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (4S,5S)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2S3
    (4S,5S)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1R)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C6H7Cl3O2
    (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1R)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1S)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C6H7Cl3O2
    (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1S)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— prop-2-enyl (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H10O4
    prop-2-enyl (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2S)-2-(bromomethyl)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H11BrO4
    ethyl (2S)-2-(bromomethyl)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-[(2R)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-[(2R)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(R)-chloro(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H9Cl3O2
    (4S)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(R)-chloro(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2S3
    (4R,5R)-5-methyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-[(2R)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-[(2R)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1R)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C6H7Cl3O2
    (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1R)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3R)-3-methyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-[(2S)-3-methylbut-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (3R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C10H14O4
    methyl (3R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5S)-5-octyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H21NO2
    (3S,5S)-5-octyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (5S)-5-[(E)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (5S)-5-[(E)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2R)-2-(bromomethyl)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H11BrO4
    ethyl (2R)-2-(bromomethyl)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3Z,5R)-5-methyl-3-pentylideneoxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (3Z,5R)-5-methyl-3-pentylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H12O3
    (5S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— methyl (8aS)-6-methoxy-1-oxo-3H-cyclohepta[c]furan-8a-carboxylate —— C12H12O5
    methyl (8aS)-6-methoxy-1-oxo-3H-cyclohepta[c]furan-8a-carboxylate
    —— (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(S)-chloro(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H9Cl3O2
    (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(S)-chloro(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-octyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H21NO2
    (3R,5S)-5-octyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1S)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C6H7Cl3O2
    (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-[(1S)-1-chloroethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-butyl-3-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (3S,4R)-4-butyl-3-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2S,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (5S)-5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H16O4
    (5S)-5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H12O3
    (3S)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2R,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (5R)-5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H16O4
    (5R)-5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one