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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— β-(2-thenyl)-γ-butyrolactone 240403-86-5 C9H10O2S
    β-(2-thenyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (10E)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione 10074-51-8 C18H26O3S
    (10E)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one 67633-50-5 C27H42N2O7
    2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— [(1S,7S,8aR)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1S,7S,8aR)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 11-oxa-dispiro[3.0.5.2]dodecan-12-one 51175-21-4 C11H16O2
    11-oxa-dispiro[3.0.5.2]dodecan-12-one
    —— 4-(1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxane-2,6-dione 1706459-80-4 C12H16N2O3
    4-(1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— (-)-(R)-4,5,5-trimethylhexan-4-olide 110969-01-2 C9H16O2
    (-)-(R)-4,5,5-trimethylhexan-4-olide
    —— (4S,5R)-4-methyl-3-methylidene-5-pentyloxolan-2-one 133319-88-7 C11H18O2
    (4S,5R)-4-methyl-3-methylidene-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5R,8R,14R,15R,18R,19R,20R)-4,5,9,9,14,21,21-heptamethyl-10,25-dioxahexacyclo[18.3.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.08,14]pentacosan-11-one —— C30H48O3
    (1R,4R,5R,8R,14R,15R,18R,19R,20R)-4,5,9,9,14,21,21-heptamethyl-10,25-dioxahexacyclo[18.3.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.08,14]pentacosan-11-one
    —— (4R,7R,9S)-11-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(10)-en-2-one —— C11H14O3
    (4R,7R,9S)-11-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(10)-en-2-one
    —— 9-Tetradecen-5-olide 15456-70-9 C14H24O2
    9-Tetradecen-5-olide
    —— (-)-cardiobutanolide 1311946-58-3 C13H16O6
    (-)-cardiobutanolide
    —— 6-azido-3,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone 269741-55-1 C6H9N3O4
    6-azido-3,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3R)-3-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one —— C6H10O2
    (3R)-3-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one
    —— 5-hydroxymethyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone 247246-43-1 C12H14O3
    5-hydroxymethyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— ((1<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-1-carboxy-4,8,8-trimethyl-spiro[2.5]oct-4-yl)-acetic acid-anhydride 96953-00-3 C14H20O3
    ((1<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-1-carboxy-4,8,8-trimethyl-spiro[2.5]oct-4-yl)-acetic acid-anhydride
    —— (4aR,9aS)-2,2-Dimethyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one 287959-21-1 C10H16O4
    (4aR,9aS)-2,2-Dimethyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-trioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-5-Benzyl-3-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 374896-50-1 C13H15BrO3
    (3R,4S,5R)-5-Benzyl-3-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-2-allyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde 1309233-71-3 C8H10O3
    (2R,3S)-2-allyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilylnona-2,4-dien-8-ynyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one 380909-68-2 C26H46O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilylnona-2,4-dien-8-ynyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one
    —— 3-O-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]-D-talonic acid γ-lactone 2-acetate 470453-56-6 C24H30O7Si
    3-O-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]-D-talonic acid γ-lactone 2-acetate
    —— 4-benzyloxy-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-3a,7a-dihydro-3H,4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one 500222-32-2 C21H30O5Si
    4-benzyloxy-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-3a,7a-dihydro-3H,4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 528609-75-8 C13H18O2
    (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-butyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 528609-81-6 C15H14O2
    (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (4aR,7aR)-7a-methyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one 1246858-63-8 C9H14O2
    (4aR,7aR)-7a-methyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (3Z)-4-Butyl-3-(1-chlorohexylidene)-2-oxetanone 627526-60-7 C13H21ClO2
    (3Z)-4-Butyl-3-(1-chlorohexylidene)-2-oxetanone
    —— (Z)-α-(1-chlorobutylidene)-β-(n-butyl)-β-lactone 627526-63-0 C11H17ClO2
    (Z)-α-(1-chlorobutylidene)-β-(n-butyl)-β-lactone
    —— (+/-)-4<i>c</i>-methyl-5-oxo-2<i>r</i>-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid —— C19H34O4
    (+/-)-4<i>c</i>-methyl-5-oxo-2<i>r</i>-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 82281-56-9 C13H26O3Si
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (E)-6-(2-(3-methoxypropyl)-5-methylhexa-2,4-dienyl)-3-(nitromethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 872496-54-3 C17H27NO5
    (E)-6-(2-(3-methoxypropyl)-5-methylhexa-2,4-dienyl)-3-(nitromethyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3,5-Diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 885126-28-3 C8H14O2
    (3R,5S)-3,5-Diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4aR,7aR,7bR)-4-cyclohexylperhydrofuro[2',3':4,5]phospholo[3,2-b]furan-2,6-dione 913549-48-1 C14H19O4P
    (3aR,4aR,7aR,7bR)-4-cyclohexylperhydrofuro[2',3':4,5]phospholo[3,2-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— (3aR,4aR,7aR,7bR)-4-phenylperhydrofuro[2',3':4,5]phospholo[3,2-b]furan-2,6-dione 913549-47-0 C14H13O4P
    (3aR,4aR,7aR,7bR)-4-phenylperhydrofuro[2',3':4,5]phospholo[3,2-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[(2S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-methylpent-4-enyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 916771-65-8 C28H38O4Si
    (4R,6R)-6-[(2S)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-methylpent-4-enyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-methyl-4-phenyloxan-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (4R,5S)-5-methyl-4-phenyloxan-2-one
    —— (S)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 1188416-44-5 C7H10O4
    (S)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— ethyl (R)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1188416-43-4 C9H14O4
    ethyl (R)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-tert-butoxymethyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1184762-22-8 C13H24O4
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-tert-butoxymethyl-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-isopropyl-3-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1169843-09-7 C9H16O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-isopropyl-3-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S)-3-[(2S)-2-methyl-3-oxobutyl]oxolan-2-one 1228187-26-5 C9H14O3
    (3S)-3-[(2S)-2-methyl-3-oxobutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[(2S)-2-methyl-3-oxobutyl]oxolan-2-one 1228187-25-4 C9H14O3
    (3R)-3-[(2S)-2-methyl-3-oxobutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (7R)-7-(4-methylphenyl)oxepan-2-one 1218912-90-3 C13H16O2
    (7R)-7-(4-methylphenyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-44-1 C11H12O3
    5-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— 7-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-40-7 C11H12O3
    7-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— 3-isopropyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-54-3 C13H16O3
    3-isopropyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— pandamarilactonine-G 1242146-23-1 C13H21NO3
    pandamarilactonine-G
    —— ethyl (2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate 1233947-85-7 C9H14O4
    ethyl (2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— 5-isopropyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-51-0 C13H16O3
    5-isopropyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— 3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-46-3 C11H12O3
    3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— pandamarilactonine-E 1242146-20-8 C18H29NO4
    pandamarilactonine-E