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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Ethyliminooxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO2
    4-Ethyliminooxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(Benzyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H13NO2
    3-(Benzyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyoxan-2-one;3,3-dimethylpentan-2-one —— C32H56O5Si
    (4S)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyoxan-2-one;3,3-dimethylpentan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-sulfanyloxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O6S
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-sulfanyloxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-hydroxyhexoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C12H20O7
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-hydroxyhexoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— gamma-Henicosadienyl-gamma-butyrolactone —— C25H44O2
    gamma-Henicosadienyl-gamma-butyrolactone
    —— 4-Acetyl-5-cyclohexyloxolan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    4-Acetyl-5-cyclohexyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H10O4
    4-Acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Acetyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H10O3S
    4-Acetyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Chloro-4-(2-methylpropylimino)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C14H16ClNO2
    3-Chloro-4-(2-methylpropylimino)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-phosphanyloxyhexyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride —— C13H28BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-phosphanyloxyhexyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride
    —— [(7R,8S)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-3-(trideuteriomethyl)-2,3,4,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C30H50O6Si
    [(7R,8S)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-3-(trideuteriomethyl)-2,3,4,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (4R,6S)-6-but-2-enyl-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (4R,6S)-6-but-2-enyl-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 5-Ethyl-3-fluoro-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H11FO2
    5-Ethyl-3-fluoro-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-(2-amino-4-oxopentylidene)amino]urea;4-amino-5-phenylmethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C17H25N5O5
    [(Z)-(2-amino-4-oxopentylidene)amino]urea;4-amino-5-phenylmethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C8H12O2
    7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— [4-Hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-6-oxo-3-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl)methoxymethyl]-2,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethyl-6-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]sulfamic acid —— C23H43NO17S3
    [4-Hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-6-oxo-3-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl)methoxymethyl]-2,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethyl-6-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]sulfamic acid
    —— Ethyl 3-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfanylmethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C20H36N2O5S2
    Ethyl 3-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfanylmethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— Lovastatin & Cholesterol —— C51H82O6
    Lovastatin & Cholesterol
    —— Lovastatin & L-Mevalonate —— C30H48O9
    Lovastatin & L-Mevalonate
    —— (4R,6R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,6R)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4-dien-8-ynyl]oxan-2-one —— C29H52O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,6R)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4-dien-8-ynyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2S)-pent-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one —— C12H20O3
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2S)-pent-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O5
    4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4R,4aR,6S,7R,7aS)-6,7-dihydroxy-4-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one —— C9H14O4
    (4R,4aR,6S,7R,7aS)-6,7-dihydroxy-4-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Cyclopropyliminooxolan-2-one —— C7H9NO2
    4-Cyclopropyliminooxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-3,3-difluoro-5-methyloxan-2-one —— C8H12F2O2
    6-Ethyl-3,3-difluoro-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 6-Propan-2-yl-6-(2-thiophen-3-ylethyl)oxane-2,3-dione —— C14H18O3S
    6-Propan-2-yl-6-(2-thiophen-3-ylethyl)oxane-2,3-dione
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(3,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C86H132O20
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(3,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3-(tert-Butoxymethylene)-5-((tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H32O4Si
    3-(tert-Butoxymethylene)-5-((tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H8O4
    4,5-Dihydroxy-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-(5-butyltetrahydrofuran-2-ylidene)-5-hydroxy-6-pentyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C18H28O5
    (3E)-3-(5-butyltetrahydrofuran-2-ylidene)-5-hydroxy-6-pentyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— tert-butyl N-[4,4-dimethylpentanoyl-[(2S,3S)-3-ethoxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]amino]carbamate —— C18H32N2O6
    tert-butyl N-[4,4-dimethylpentanoyl-[(2S,3S)-3-ethoxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]amino]carbamate
    —— (4S,5S,6R)-5-but-2-enyl-4-hydroxy-6-[(3S)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]oxan-2-one —— C13H20O4
    (4S,5S,6R)-5-but-2-enyl-4-hydroxy-6-[(3S)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 6-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    6-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3-Dimethylpentan-2-one;3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    3,3-Dimethylpentan-2-one;3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane;3-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H18O2
    Ethane;3-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Phenyl-3-oxatricyclo[3.1.0.02,6]hexan-4-one —— C11H8O2
    5-Phenyl-3-oxatricyclo[3.1.0.02,6]hexan-4-one
    —— N-ethenyl-N-(7-oxooxepan-2-yl)formamide —— C9H13NO3
    N-ethenyl-N-(7-oxooxepan-2-yl)formamide
    —— 6-Ethyl-4-methyloxepan-2-one;5-ethyloxepan-2-one —— C17H30O4
    6-Ethyl-4-methyloxepan-2-one;5-ethyloxepan-2-one
    —— 6-Cyclopentyl-3-[2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C21H29NO3
    6-Cyclopentyl-3-[2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-[Deuterio(trimethylsilyl)methylidene]-5-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2Si
    3-[Deuterio(trimethylsilyl)methylidene]-5-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Methoxy-5-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O4
    4-Methoxy-5-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (6,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C24H40O4
    (6,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— Ethyl 3-benzylsulfanyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C14H14O5S
    Ethyl 3-benzylsulfanyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-butyl-N-(5-oxo-2-phenylmethoxyoxolan-3-yl)-3H-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-ium-2-carboxamide —— C18H24N3O4S+
    2-butyl-N-(5-oxo-2-phenylmethoxyoxolan-3-yl)-3H-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-ium-2-carboxamide
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-[3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypentan-3-yl)-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxypentan-3-yl]-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C26H48O7
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-[3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypentan-3-yl)-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxypentan-3-yl]-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— Oxan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-2-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C29H48O7
    Oxan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-2-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate