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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— α:-acetoxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone 405151-02-2 C7H10O4
    α:-acetoxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6-Hydroxyhexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 89898-19-1 C7H10O3
    6-Hydroxyhexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one 28000-13-7 C8H8O2
    7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one
    —— 1,4-Dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one, 7-methyl- 908104-68-7 C6H8O3
    1,4-Dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one, 7-methyl-
    —— 6-Methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-One 908095-33-0 C6H8O3
    6-Methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-One
    —— seneciphyllin 55658-77-0 C10H16O4
    seneciphyllin
    —— (R*,R*)-2-<hydroxy(2-triisopropylsilylphenyl)methyl>-6-hexanolide 139367-51-4 C22H36O3Si
    (R*,R*)-2-<hydroxy(2-triisopropylsilylphenyl)methyl>-6-hexanolide
    —— 2,4-Dimethyl-5-hydroxyvaleriansaeurelacton 3290-57-1 C7H12O2
    2,4-Dimethyl-5-hydroxyvaleriansaeurelacton
    —— (R*,R*)-2-<hydroxy(2-trimethylsilylphenyl)methyl>-6-hexanolide 139367-42-3 C16H24O3Si
    (R*,R*)-2-<hydroxy(2-trimethylsilylphenyl)methyl>-6-hexanolide
    —— 2-Methylene-6-hexanolide 86953-75-5 C7H10O2
    2-Methylene-6-hexanolide
    —— 7,7-dimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro<2.4>heptan-5-one 126091-79-0 C7H10O3
    7,7-dimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro<2.4>heptan-5-one
    —— 2-<1-hydroxy-3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynyl>hexan-6-olide 129205-85-2 C12H20O3Si
    2-<1-hydroxy-3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynyl>hexan-6-olide
    —— (2R,2'S,5'S,2''S,5''R)-5''-[(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-butyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one 862557-89-9 C22H40O6Si
    (2R,2'S,5'S,2''S,5''R)-5''-[(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-butyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one
    —— (4R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R)-5:8,9:12-dioxido-13-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-tricosan-1,4-olide 862557-44-6 C29H54O5Si
    (4R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R)-5:8,9:12-dioxido-13-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-tricosan-1,4-olide
    —— (3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-((S)-3-methyl-pent-4-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 638188-54-2 C13H22O3
    (3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-((S)-3-methyl-pent-4-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 349494-37-7 C7H9BrO2
    (1S,4R,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 3-oxa-bicyclo(6.3.1)undec-8(9)-en-2-one 74785-44-7 C11H16O2
    3-oxa-bicyclo(6.3.1)undec-8(9)-en-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-5-ethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 1016982-84-5 C7H10O2
    3-methylene-5-ethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4,7-Dimethyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1,3-dione 66407-26-9 C10H12O3
    4,7-Dimethyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1,3-dione
    —— (R)-5-benzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1353991-05-5 C12H14O2
    (R)-5-benzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-6-Propyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 132316-75-7 C8H12O2
    (1S,5R,6R)-6-Propyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— <1R-(1α,5α,6β)>-6-n-propyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 132316-75-7 C8H12O2
    <1R-(1α,5α,6β)>-6-n-propyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— 6,10,10-Trimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-6-en-2-on 81053-72-7 C12H18O2
    6,10,10-Trimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-6-en-2-on
    —— 3-Phenethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione 82923-84-0 C13H14O3
    3-Phenethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione
    —— α-Trimethylsilyl-γ-butyrolacton 57025-69-1 C7H14O2Si
    α-Trimethylsilyl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— Spiro[2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,7'-[2.8]dioxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane]-4,3'-dione, 5',5'-dimethyl- 116053-49-7 C13H14O4
    Spiro[2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,7'-[2.8]dioxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane]-4,3'-dione, 5',5'-dimethyl-
    —— (2R,4S)-(-)-trans-4-methyl-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid 284494-68-4 C6H8O4
    (2R,4S)-(-)-trans-4-methyl-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid
    —— 2,4-Dioxo-4a,8,8-trimethyl-octahydro-2H-benzo <c> cyclopropa <d> pyran 93568-12-8 C13H18O3
    2,4-Dioxo-4a,8,8-trimethyl-octahydro-2H-benzo <c> cyclopropa <d> pyran
    —— n-butyl ethyl(2-oxo-4-oxetanylmethyl)phosphinate 80986-78-3 C10H19O4P
    n-butyl ethyl(2-oxo-4-oxetanylmethyl)phosphinate
    —— (S)-5-[3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 186605-40-3 C15H30O4Si
    (S)-5-[3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1532540-67-2 C9H9F7O4
    (3S,4S,5R)-3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+/-)-4-(2-methyl-propyl)-2-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 58557-31-6 C9H14O2
    (+/-)-4-(2-methyl-propyl)-2-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2,4-Dioxo-5a,9,9-trimethyl-octahydro-2H,4H-benzo<d>cycloprop<c>oxepin 96953-00-3 C14H20O3
    2,4-Dioxo-5a,9,9-trimethyl-octahydro-2H,4H-benzo<d>cycloprop<c>oxepin
    —— 4-(2,4a,5,6,7,8-Hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-5-[3-(2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one 56701-33-8 C28H34O4
    4-(2,4a,5,6,7,8-Hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-5-[3-(2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3,4-dipropyl-γ-butyrolactone 22334-94-7 C10H18O2
    3,4-dipropyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R)-(-)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(7-methyloctanoyl)-4-butanolide 122876-15-7 C14H24O4
    (3R)-(-)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(7-methyloctanoyl)-4-butanolide
    —— 3,3-(4',4'-Diaethylpentamethylen)glutaranhydrid 51111-31-0 C14H22O3
    3,3-(4',4'-Diaethylpentamethylen)glutaranhydrid
    —— methyl [(3R)-3-hydroxy-6-isopropenyl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]acetate 910237-09-1 C11H16O5
    methyl [(3R)-3-hydroxy-6-isopropenyl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]acetate
    —— (4S,5R)-5-pentyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 186194-17-2 C9H16O3
    (4S,5R)-5-pentyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+)-(3R,5R)-3,8-Dimethylnon-8-en-6-yn-5-olide 132925-19-0 C11H14O2
    (+)-(3R,5R)-3,8-Dimethylnon-8-en-6-yn-5-olide
    —— (Z)-3-aminomethylenetetronic acid 79099-27-7 C5H5NO3
    (Z)-3-aminomethylenetetronic acid
    —— (E)-3-aminomethylenetetronic acid 79099-17-5 C5H5NO3
    (E)-3-aminomethylenetetronic acid
    —— (+)-(3R,5S)-3,8-Dimethylnon-8-en-6-yn-5-olide 132925-20-3 C11H14O2
    (+)-(3R,5S)-3,8-Dimethylnon-8-en-6-yn-5-olide
    —— (R,R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 1024594-74-8 C8H14O3
    (R,R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-3-methylaminomethylenetetronic acid 79099-18-6 C6H7NO3
    (E)-3-methylaminomethylenetetronic acid
    —— (Z)-3-methylaminomethylenetetronic acid 79099-28-8 C6H7NO3
    (Z)-3-methylaminomethylenetetronic acid
    —— Leonotinin 55784-80-0 C20H26O5
    Leonotinin
    —— (4R)-4-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one 913617-64-8 C7H10O2
    (4R)-4-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1532540-69-4 C13H23F3O4Si
    (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1532540-64-9 C7H9F3O4
    (3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one