内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Bromcamphersaeureanhydrid | 112924-25-1 | C10H13BrO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-trans-4-p-tolyl-6-trimethylsilyl-2-oxepanone | 116428-35-4 | C16H24O2Si |
| —— | 1500059-45-9 | C27H36O4Si2 | |
| —— | 115410-99-6 | C14H12O4 | |
| —— | (3S)-(+)-A-factor | 162809-52-1 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | (6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-6-nonyloxan-2-one | 75989-79-6 | C22H44O3Si |
| —— | 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-dione | 119329-40-7 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (R)-1-((R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 64447-77-4 | C9H14O5 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-3-Acetyl-3a,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-4-carbaldehyde | 118798-11-1 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 5,6-Dihydro-5-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-6-methoxy-2H-pyran-3(4H)-on | 127818-00-2 | C8H14O4S |
| —— | marrulactone | 1175539-00-0 | C18H26O4 |
| —— | (2R,5S,7R,5'S)-spiro[1-oxa-8-oxo-2-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane]-7,3'-[5'-phenyldihydrofuran-2'-one] | 1340543-06-7 | C21H19NO4 |
| —— | 4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 76170-66-6 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (2RS,4R,6R)-4-methyl-2-<(2RS)-2-methylpentyl>-6-heptanolide | 110444-34-3 | C14H26O2 |
| —— | methyl (2S,3R)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,5S)-3-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclopentyl]-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 1132754-18-7 | C17H26O6 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-Allyl-5-(1-methyl-cyclohexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 138100-20-6 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | (1R,4R,6R)-(-)-1-iodomethyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one | 304430-09-9 | C12H17IO2 |
| —— | (1SR,6RS,7SR,8RS)-8-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-3-one | 114647-08-4 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone | 852043-99-3 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (5-Isopropoxymethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetyl chloride | 910577-45-6 | C10H15ClO4 |
| —— | (7a<i>R</i>)-8<i>c</i>-ethyl-3ξ,11<i>c</i>-dimethyl-2<i>t</i>-((2<i>S</i>)-4<i>c</i>-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2<i>r</i>]furyl)-10-oxo-(7a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>,11a<i>c</i>,11b<i>t</i>,11c<i>c</i>)-tetradecahydro-azepino[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]-furo[3,2-<i>e</i>]indolinium; iodide | 21504-57-4 | C23H36NO4*I |
| —— | 3,5-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 109986-37-0 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | 1,3,10-trimethyl-8-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>-dec-4-en-3β-ol-2,9-dione | 121878-59-9 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (1S,4R,5R)-4-Iodo-7-oxo-1-vinyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4-carboxylic acid | 58683-57-1 | C10H11IO4 |
| —— | cis-5-Dichlormethyl-α,β-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-propionitril | 58366-91-9 | C7H7Cl2NO5 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-Butyl-5-hexyl-3-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 55229-21-5 | C20H30O2Se |
| —— | (20S)-3β,20-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-18-saeure-20-lacton | 25099-00-7 | C21H32O3 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,9aS)-3-Chloro-3-methyl-octahydro-cycloocta[b]furan-2-one | 65277-10-3 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-5-methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 71679-24-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 3-Isopentyl-δ-valerolacton | 32821-73-1 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 122623-00-1 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | (3S)-3-ethyl-3-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]oxolan-2-one | 102631-84-5 | C8H11NO4 |
| —— | 2-oxa-3-oxo-6-syn-(3ξ-hydroxy-4(ξ)-phenyl-pentyl)-7-anti-hydroxy-cis-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane | 54359-33-0 | C18H24O4 |
| —— | Crotolarinsaeure | 53937-99-8 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (1R*,2S*,3R*,4S*)-3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride | 7103-79-9 | C6H4Cl2O3 |
| —— | 6-(γ-Butanolid-γ-yl)-2,3-(δ-pentanolid)-thiacyclohexan-1,1-dioxid | 49821-72-9 | C12H16O6S |
| —— | Acetic acid (S)-2-acetoxy-1-((R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 86989-38-0 | C11H16O6 |
| —— | 9-Mercapto-10-methyl-oxecan-2-one | 81044-91-9 | C10H18O2S |
| —— | (1S,6S,8S,21S)-2,5,7,7,22,22-hexamethyl-11,18-dioxa-3,4-diazatricyclo[19.1.1.16,8]tetracosa-2,4-diene-12,17-dione | 1338461-51-0 | C26H42N2O4 |
| —— | Trichloro-acetic acid (1R,5R,6R)-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 136713-38-7 | C9H9Cl3O4 |
| —— | (S)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1435448-86-4 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | (S)-3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.9]tridecan-2-one | 138589-70-5 | C13H21ClO2 |
| —— | (7a<i>R</i>)-8<i>c</i>-ethyl-3<i>c</i>,11<i>c</i>-dimethyl-2<i>c</i>-((2<i>S</i>)-4<i>c</i>-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2<i>r</i>]furyl)-10-oxo-(7a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>,11a<i>c</i>,11b<i>t</i>,11c<i>c</i>)-tetradecahydro-azepino[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]furo[3,2-<i>e</i>]indolium; chloride | 103303-39-5 | C23H36NO4*Cl |
| —— | 6-methyl-3-ureidomethylene-2H,3H,4H,5H-pyran-2,4-dione | 133074-73-4 | C8H10N2O4 |
| —— | ethyl (2R,3R)-(-)-trans-5-oxo-2-(3-pyridyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1084875-06-8 | C12H13NO4 |
| —— | (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methylbutyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 950479-02-4 | C17H34O4Si |
| —— | (Z)-7-(methylene-d)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one | 158199-33-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylic acid | 65652-04-2 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-(-)-7a-benzyl-3a-hydroxytetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,5(3H,4H)-dione | 1236161-50-4 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | (4S,6S,9S)-4,9-Dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[5.5]undec-7-en-2-one | 118682-32-9 | C12H18O2 |
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