内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,7-dione | 52775-83-4 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 3-Heptyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 30410-92-5 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (+)-(3S)-3-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 83019-43-6 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6S)-6-((E)-(1R,2R,3S)-2-Hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 120849-70-9 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 2-Brom-3,4-dihydroxy-pentansaeure-lacton | 19902-17-1 | C6H9BrO3 |
| —— | 16981-55-8 | C19H28O3 | |
| —— | 6-OH-3,4,6-Trimethyl-1,8-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2,7-dion | 54370-15-9 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | trans tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-3 | 91704-36-8 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R)-3-iodo-2-methyl-1-oxocyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone | 210684-51-8 | C8H9IO3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1436856-99-3 | C13H18O2Si |
| —— | 2-Oxo-1-[3-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-propyl]-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 54623-56-2 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | rac-(3aR,4R,7S,7aR)-4,7-dihydro-1H-4,7-methano-3a,7a-(methanooxymethano)indene-1,10-dione | 121238-59-3 | C12H10O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-[(1S)-2-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one | 918419-46-2 | C11H19NO8 |
| —— | [(1S,3R,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate | 133806-00-5 | C29H52O6Si |
| —— | 52613-32-8 | C18H18O4 | |
| —— | 83044-36-4 | C15H20O3 | |
| —— | 3,3,6-trimethyl-1-oxo-1,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-3a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 50281-07-7 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3-methyl-4-tert-butyloxetan-2-one | 138749-72-1 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (R)-3-iodomethyl-4-butanolide | 88557-21-5 | C5H7IO2 |
| —— | 357419-69-3 | C11H22O3Si | |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-Tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2,3-dione 3-oxime | 52482-06-1 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | trans-Tetrahydro-2-n-octyl-5-oxo-3-furanacetamid | 39971-68-1 | C14H25NO3 |
| —— | 81769-02-0 | C29H38O3 | |
| —— | (1S,5R)-1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 846060-59-1 | C11H8F2O2 |
| —— | 3-(1,1-Dihydroxytetradecyl)glutarsaeuredi-γ-lacton | 51175-44-1 | C19H32O4 |
| —— | 13-(piperidin-1-yl)-4α,5α-epoxy-7α-hydroxyeudesm-6,12-olide | 1109275-75-3 | C20H31NO4 |
| —— | (1R,5R,8R)-1-(2-Azido-ethyl)-8-iodo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione | 178449-30-4 | C9H10IN3O3 |
| —— | 6-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 28771-65-5 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 6(E)-(3-phenylprop-2-ynylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyrone | 103437-75-8 | C14H12O2 |
| —— | (S)-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-4,5-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-hydroxy-acetic acid ethyl ester | 204686-85-1 | C22H44O7Si2 |
| —— | Thieno[2,3-c]furan-6(4H)-one, tetrahydro-3-methyl- | 118887-83-5 | C7H10O2S |
| —— | (±)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1729-31-3 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6R,7R,9R)-1,8,8-Trimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 57199-74-3 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 65688-71-3 | C21H29O9P | |
| —— | methyl (1R,4S,7S,8R,9R)-7-hydroxy-9-[(E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridecane-4-carboxylate | 457622-31-0 | C18H26O6 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,8R,11S)-2-Hydroxy-11-isopropenyl-5,6-dimethyl-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-4-en-10-one | 88567-35-5 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | α-Aethyl-α-phenyl-β-butyrolacton | 25744-77-8 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 4-((Z)-6-Trimethylsilanyl-hex-4-enyl)-oxetan-2-one | 197144-87-9 | C12H22O2Si |
| —— | 3-thiocyanato-dihydro-furan-2-one | 52736-51-3 | C5H5NO2S |
| —— | 6-[1-Iodo-meth-(E)-ylidene]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 120205-38-1 | C6H7IO2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-hydroxy-4-octylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1150106-68-5 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | O-ethyl S-((2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl) carbonodithioate | 125076-86-0 | C8H12O3S2 |
| —— | 1193365-62-6 | C27H42O7Si | |
| —— | Cycloxanthocidin | 80927-79-3 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 15973-36-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide | 55558-10-6 | C15H19NO3 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR,10aS)-7-(2-Furan-3-yl-ethyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-decahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalene-8-carbonitrile | 51905-78-3 | C20H25NO3 |
| —— | 1-isopropyl-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 875-16-1 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6S)-6-((Z)-(1S,2S,3R)-2-Hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 120849-69-6 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 61263-45-4 | C23H30O9 |
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