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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Z)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3-ylidene)butanal 352461-91-7 C10H14O3
    (Z)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3-ylidene)butanal
    —— (3S,3aS,8R,8aS)-8-Acetyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-7-carbaldehyde 303179-42-2 C14H18O4
    (3S,3aS,8R,8aS)-8-Acetyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-7-carbaldehyde
    —— Acetic acid (3S,3aS,6R,7S,8R,8aS)-8-acetyl-7-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl ester 303179-44-4 C17H26O8S
    Acetic acid (3S,3aS,6R,7S,8R,8aS)-8-acetyl-7-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl ester
    —— 3,3,4-Trimethyloxepan-2-one 64047-30-9 C9H16O2
    3,3,4-Trimethyloxepan-2-one
    —— 3-Cyclooctyloxolan-2-one 1435314-41-2 C12H20O2
    3-Cyclooctyloxolan-2-one
    —— Spiro-cyclopentan-1.2'-propiolacton-(1'.3') 5733-02-8 C7H10O2
    Spiro-cyclopentan-1.2'-propiolacton-(1'.3')
    —— 2,2-Dipropyl-propiolacton 16230-67-4 C9H16O2
    2,2-Dipropyl-propiolacton
    —— (3R,5R)-3-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 41788-51-6 C6H9BrO2
    (3R,5R)-3-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-acetic acid 148901-86-4 C7H10O4
    (3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-acetic acid
    —— 3-(2-Chloroethyl)-4-(3-chloropropylidene)oxetan-2-one 1256638-93-3 C8H10Cl2O2
    3-(2-Chloroethyl)-4-(3-chloropropylidene)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydropyran 156089-62-2 C9H16O3
    4-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydropyran
    —— Oxepan-2-one;2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol 72018-11-2 C14H28O4
    Oxepan-2-one;2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol
    —— 5-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 64501-96-8 C8H10Br2O2
    5-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-Oxo-δ-caprolacton 100191-40-0 C6H8O3
    2-Oxo-δ-caprolacton
    —— 4-methyl-5-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-4-hydroxypentanoic-1,4-lactone 64944-20-3 C8H10Cl2O2
    4-methyl-5-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-4-hydroxypentanoic-1,4-lactone
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylbutyl)-2-oxetanone 18523-60-9 C10H18O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylbutyl)-2-oxetanone
    —— 2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;oxepan-2-one 55636-48-1 C24H42N2O7
    2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— 4-O-Tetradecanoyl-2,3-dideoxyglucono-1,5-lactone 153764-21-7 C20H36O5
    4-O-Tetradecanoyl-2,3-dideoxyglucono-1,5-lactone
    —— Azuleno(6,5-b)furan-2,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-4a-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,4aS,7aR,8R,9aR)- 83283-01-6 C14H16O4
    Azuleno(6,5-b)furan-2,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-4a-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,4aS,7aR,8R,9aR)-
    —— Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2(3H)-one, decahydro-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,6R,6aS,9R,9aR,9bS)- 82003-84-7 C15H22O3
    Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2(3H)-one, decahydro-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,6R,6aS,9R,9aR,9bS)-
    —— Azuleno(6,5-b)furan-2,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-7a-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,4aR,7aS,8R,9aR)- 82611-89-0 C14H16O4
    Azuleno(6,5-b)furan-2,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-7a-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,4aR,7aS,8R,9aR)-
    —— Carolenalol 79236-42-3 C15H22O5
    Carolenalol
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6,6'-(1,17-heptadecanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-4-(2-methylpropyl)- 80904-73-0 C35H64O4
    2H-Pyran-2-one, 6,6'-(1,17-heptadecanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-4-(2-methylpropyl)-
    —— Butanoic acid, 2,2-diethyl-, 1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-(2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-1-naphthalenyl ester, (1S-(1alpha,3alpha,7beta,8beta(2S*,4S*),8abeta))- 79902-61-7 C27H42O5
    Butanoic acid, 2,2-diethyl-, 1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-(2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-1-naphthalenyl ester, (1S-(1alpha,3alpha,7beta,8beta(2S*,4S*),8abeta))-
    —— 3-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one 76423-58-0 C17H22O2
    3-(4-Cyclohexylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octan-3-one 88255-84-9 C7H10O3
    6-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octan-3-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 88255-83-8 C7H10O3
    4-Hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— Valeric acid, 4-hydroxy-3-mercapto-, gamma-lactone 56078-99-0 C5H8O2S
    Valeric acid, 4-hydroxy-3-mercapto-, gamma-lactone
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester 2819-57-0 C11H16O4
    2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— [(1S,3S,4aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate 87770-13-6 C25H42O5
    [(1S,3S,4aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate 130468-11-0 C25H36O6
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— Arabinono-1,4-lactone 13280-76-7 C5H8O5
    Arabinono-1,4-lactone
    —— 4-Cyclohexyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 62948-64-5 C11H18O2
    4-Cyclohexyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(5-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 61099-36-3 C13H24O3
    5-(5-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 61099-53-4 C12H20O2
    5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (+/-)-Trichodesmic acid 26543-10-2 C10H16O5
    (+/-)-Trichodesmic acid
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 3-hexadecyl-4-pentadecylidene- 67845-95-8 C34H64O2
    2-Oxetanone, 3-hexadecyl-4-pentadecylidene-
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyl- 67845-94-7 C34H64O2
    2-Oxetanone, 4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyl-
    —— 5-(1,3-Dimethyl-1-butenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 67800-85-5 C10H16O2
    5-(1,3-Dimethyl-1-butenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— D-Glucaro-3,6-lactone 2782-04-9 C6H8O7
    D-Glucaro-3,6-lactone
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 4-(8Z)-8-heptadecenylidene-3-(7Z)-7-hexadecenyl- 56000-16-9 C36H64O2
    2-Oxetanone, 4-(8Z)-8-heptadecenylidene-3-(7Z)-7-hexadecenyl-
    —— 3,8a-Ethano-8aH-1-benzopyran-2(3H)-one, hexahydro-3,5,5-trimethyl- 21280-29-5 C14H22O2
    3,8a-Ethano-8aH-1-benzopyran-2(3H)-one, hexahydro-3,5,5-trimethyl-
    —— 3-Chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 15121-77-4 C11H11ClO2
    3-Chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— Tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyl-4-[[5-oxo-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-yl]-trimethylsilyloxymethyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate 136597-87-0 C24H49NO8Si3
    Tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyl-4-[[5-oxo-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-yl]-trimethylsilyloxymethyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— 3-(((Trimethylsilyl)oxy)methylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 76881-13-5 C8H14O3Si
    3-(((Trimethylsilyl)oxy)methylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (+)-colinolide diol —— C8H12O4
    (+)-colinolide diol
    —— 9-phenyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one 56771-84-7 C14H12O2
    9-phenyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one
    —— Hyphodontal 159736-40-0 C15H18O4
    Hyphodontal
    —— Echinosporin 79127-35-8 C10H9NO5
    Echinosporin
    —— Moxadolen 75992-53-9 C11H13NO4
    Moxadolen