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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— D-glucarate-6,3-lactone ethyl ester 261900-70-3 C8H12O7
    D-glucarate-6,3-lactone ethyl ester
    —— (S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1435446-86-8 C13H16O2
    (S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 182278-11-1 C9H14O3
    2,2-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— trans- and cis-4-cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-1-oxetan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    trans- and cis-4-cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-1-oxetan-2-one
    —— r-4-cyclohexyl-c-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    r-4-cyclohexyl-c-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— 2-(3'-methyl-1'-butyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-7-one 88354-71-6 C14H24O2
    2-(3'-methyl-1'-butyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-7-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-(1-methylethenyl)- 22616-89-3 C7H10O2
    2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-(1-methylethenyl)-
    —— γ-ethyl-γ-1butenyl-δ-valerolactone 67624-45-7 C11H18O2
    γ-ethyl-γ-1butenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 5-Isopropyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.3.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one 129661-29-6 C13H20O3
    5-Isopropyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.3.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one
    —— 5-Ethyl-3,12-dioxatricyclo<4.4.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one 129661-31-0 C12H18O3
    5-Ethyl-3,12-dioxatricyclo<4.4.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 91602-63-0 C6H10O3
    (4S,5R)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+)-eldanolide 84107-93-7 C10H16O2
    (+)-eldanolide
    —— 3-Chloro-5,5-diethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one 89344-99-0 C9H15ClO2
    3-Chloro-5,5-diethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4,4-Bis[chloro(difluoro)methyl]-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one 88237-32-5 C8H10Cl2F4GeO2
    4,4-Bis[chloro(difluoro)methyl]-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-hexanolide 63357-95-9 C6H10O2
    4-hexanolide
    —— (Z)-2-ethylidene-5-pentanolide 61203-11-0 C7H10O2
    (Z)-2-ethylidene-5-pentanolide
    —— 4-Cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-oxetan-2-one 114049-52-4 C10H16O3
    4-Cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-oxetan-2-one
    —— 4,8-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-7-en-2-one 91300-23-1 C11H16O2
    4,8-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-7-en-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-4-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 125982-26-5 C11H19NO4
    (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-4-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 6-methoxy-6-hexanolactone 155200-42-3 C7H12O3
    6-methoxy-6-hexanolactone
    —— (3aS,6aS)-Tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione 87420-67-5 C7H8O3
    (3aS,6aS)-Tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-[2-(octadecyloxy)ethyl]oxolan-2-one 103579-10-8 C25H48O4
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-[2-(octadecyloxy)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1'R,2R,3R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 141979-38-6 C7H12O4
    (1'R,2R,3R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1'S,2R,3R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 141979-37-5 C7H12O4
    (1'S,2R,3R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1'R,2S,3R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 141979-36-4 C7H12O4
    (1'R,2S,3R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— Ithomiolide A 141979-35-3 C7H12O4
    Ithomiolide A
    —— 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-39-5 C8H12O4
    3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— β-(iodomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 129352-51-8 C5H7IO2
    β-(iodomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-α-butylidene-γ-butyrolactone 61203-08-5 C8H12O2
    (E)-α-butylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (Z)-α-butylidene-γ-butyrolactone 61203-09-6 C8H12O2
    (Z)-α-butylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-hydroxy-γhexyl-γ-lactone 117339-15-8 C10H18O3
    α-hydroxy-γhexyl-γ-lactone
    —— (S)-3-hydroxy-3,4,4-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 272449-21-5 C7H12O3
    (S)-3-hydroxy-3,4,4-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-6-methylenetetrahydropropan-2-one 4054-90-4 C8H12O2
    5,5-dimethyl-6-methylenetetrahydropropan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylene]-5-ethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1207177-14-7 C15H20O2Si
    (Z)-3-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylene]-5-ethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-1,3,3,4',4'-pentamethyl-5'-oxobicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran) 128064-34-6 C17H28O3
    5-Hydroxy-1,3,3,4',4'-pentamethyl-5'-oxobicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran)
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-propyl-4-heptanolide —— C16H28O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-propyl-4-heptanolide
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-propyl-4-heptanolide —— C14H24O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-propyl-4-heptanolide
    —— 3-methyl-3-carboxyethyl-furan-2-one 5161-99-9 C8H12O4
    3-methyl-3-carboxyethyl-furan-2-one
    —— 3a,4-dihydro-3H,6H-furo[3,4-c]isoxazol-6-one 74959-15-2 C5H5NO3
    3a,4-dihydro-3H,6H-furo[3,4-c]isoxazol-6-one
    —— 5,5-Dicyclopropyl-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furoic Acid 82968-82-9 C11H14O4
    5,5-Dicyclopropyl-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furoic Acid
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-3-enyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 94617-02-4 C10H16O3
    5-(2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-3-enyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-[1-Chloro-meth-(E)-ylidene]-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 128071-63-6 C9H13ClO2
    3-[1-Chloro-meth-(E)-ylidene]-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one 128071-68-1 C9H14O2
    4-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— D-glycero-D-ido-heptono-1,4-lactone 15397-07-6 C7H12O7
    D-glycero-D-ido-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— (S)-α-Phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 112607-26-8 C10H10O2
    (S)-α-Phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (6S)-6-methyl-6-phenylpyran-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (6S)-6-methyl-6-phenylpyran-2-one
    —— 2-oxaspiro[4.4]non-7-en-1-one 277317-55-2 C8H10O2
    2-oxaspiro[4.4]non-7-en-1-one
    —— (+/-)-(3aS*,8S*,8bR*)-8-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C12H16O2
    (+/-)-(3aS*,8S*,8bR*)-8-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,8S,8bS)-8-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one 198641-99-5 C12H16O2
    (3aR,8S,8bS)-8-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— α-methyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 30931-93-2 C11H12O2
    α-methyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone