内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1R,4S,7S)-7-Oct-7-enyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 125159-54-8 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,3'R)-2,2'-Dioxo-octahydro-[3,3']bifuranyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 94983-96-7 | C10H12O6 |
| —— | β-(γ,γ-Dimethyl-γ-butyrolacton-β-yl)-acrolein | 90534-93-3 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 93222-29-8 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (S)-4-hydroxy-3-isopropenylbutanoic acid lactone | 93782-30-0 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-5-methyl-δ-lactone | 2319-32-6 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-nicotinsaeurelacton | 33402-71-0 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | 82335-28-2 | C13H26O3Si | |
| —— | (3E,7E)-(1S,2R,10S,11R)-2-Hydroxy-12-isopropylidene-4,8-dimethyl-16-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.2.0<sup>1,11</sup>]hexadeca-3,7-dien-15-one | 900803-11-4 | C20H28O3 |
| —— | 3-Methoxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 114049-57-9 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | α-methoxycarbonyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone | 1221496-97-4 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | trans-3-methylene-4-ethyl-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 106118-65-4 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-4a,8b-epoxyethanefluoren-11-one | 120695-36-5 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-octadecyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one | 1040138-51-9 | C34H66O2 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aR,8S,9bS)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 110188-58-4 | C19H28O6 |
| —— | [3S-(3α,4β,5β,6α(2S,3Z,5S,6S,7S,8Z,11S,13R,14S,15S,16Z))]-6-[2,6-bis[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-14-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]-9-({[({5-[(2-propenyloxy)carbonyl]hexyl}amino)carbonyl]oxy}pentyl)-5,7,11,13,15-pentamethyl-12-oxo-3,8,16,18-n] | 184291-87-0 | C73H128N2O12Si3 |
| —— | (12<i>S</i>)-4-acetoxy-15,16-epoxy-1β,12-dihydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-17,18-dinor-9β<i>H</i>,10α-labda-13(16),14-diene-19,20-dioic acid-19=>1;20=>12-dilactone | 114536-67-3 | C22H26O7 |
| —— | (E)-(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5,9-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-7-nonenecarboxylic Acid γ-Lactone | 103563-58-2 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 3-Brom-5-acetoxy-8-hydroxy-cis-3,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-naphthoesaeure-lacton | 100712-14-9 | C13H13BrO4 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-heptyl-5-methyl-5-((triethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1051941-05-9 | C25H52O4Si2 |
| —— | (2<i>R</i>)-3<i>t</i>-hydroxy-2,3<i>c</i>,4<i>c</i>-trimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2<i>r</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 23185-68-4 | C9H14O5 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-[(1S,2R)-2-((1S,3aS,6aR)-3,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-yl)-2-methyl-cyclopentyl]-ethyl ester | 126019-47-4 | C20H30O5 |
| —— | 17β-(acetyloxy)-3-oxa-A-homo-5α-androstan-4-one | 76043-47-5 | C21H32O4 |
| —— | 102818-85-9 | C20H20O6 | |
| —— | 3'a-diethoxyphosphoryl-4'-hydroxy-1'-methylspiro[1,3-dithiane-2,6'-1,4,5,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan]-3'-one | 115410-55-4 | C15H25O6PS2 |
| —— | (Z)-5-benzylidene-3-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1451053-27-2 | C20H16O2 |
| —— | <3aR-<3aα,4α,5β(S<sup>*</sup>),6aα>>-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-<(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy>-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 101376-14-1 | C13H20O5 |
| —— | (+)-(3R,4S,8R)-methyl 4,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-8-[(4R)-tetrahydro-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4-carboxylate | 397322-85-9 | C16H22O6 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbaldehyde | 81661-44-1 | C12H22O4Si |
| —— | endo-5-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-exo-6-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 82313-14-2 | C15H21NO6 |
| —— | methyl 5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,3,5-triethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate | 129547-79-1 | C18H32O4 |
| —— | 2-(β-iodoethyl)butyrolactone | 73414-37-6 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 79902-68-4 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 159990-29-1 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-4-phenyl-, (4R-cis)- | 142188-50-9 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(3-Trimethylsilanyloxy-cyclohex-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 344445-76-7 | C13H22O3Si |
| —— | (+/-)-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8<i>anti</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 103441-42-5 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-4-butylsulfanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 139022-72-3 | C11H18O3S |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>,7Ξ)-6ξ-isopropenyl-3<i>c</i>-methyl-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>t</i>)-hexahydro-spiro[benzofuran-7,2'-furan]-2,5'-dione | 107275-77-4 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 1-<γ,γ-Dimethyl-γ-butyrolacton-β-yl>-2,2-dicyan-ethylen | 90915-36-9 | C10H10N2O2 |
| —— | 102925-58-6 | C20H24O4 | |
| —— | (1S,3S,9R,10S)-3-Hydroxymethyl-9-methyl-5,11-dioxa-bicyclo[8.1.0]undecan-6-one | 107109-05-7 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 77912-72-2 | C16H22O3 | |
| —— | 6-mesityltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1270585-04-0 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 4-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 56075-26-4 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | 6-Methylene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione | 31501-95-8 | C6H4O3 |
| —— | 1309477-51-7 | C8H13O7P | |
| —— | (R,E)-5-(1-bromoethylidene)-3-(but-2-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1436872-05-7 | C10H11BrO2 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-2-Butyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 791630-45-0 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | Chloro-oxo-acetic acid 2-((Z)-2-chloro-1-methyl-vinyl)-5-methyl-6-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl ester | 84895-40-9 | C11H10Cl2O5 |
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