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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl 2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C8H12O4
    ethyl 2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— ethyl (2R)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C7H8O5
    ethyl (2R)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(5R,6R)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-[(5R,6R)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3S)-3-butyl-N-carbamothioyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C10H16N2O3S
    (3S)-3-butyl-N-carbamothioyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-N,N-dipropyloxolane-2-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (2R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-N,N-dipropyloxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— 8-Isopropyl-4,4,11a-trimethyl-2,9-dioxo-2,3,4,9,11,11a-hexahydrobenzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyran-10-yl acetate —— C22H26O5
    8-Isopropyl-4,4,11a-trimethyl-2,9-dioxo-2,3,4,9,11,11a-hexahydrobenzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyran-10-yl acetate
    —— N'-[(2R)-3-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dioxo-2-phenyloxolan-2-yl]oxybenzenecarboximidamide —— C24H18N2O5
    N'-[(2R)-3-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dioxo-2-phenyloxolan-2-yl]oxybenzenecarboximidamide
    —— (6-Acetyl-9-oxo-5,8-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.02,7.04,6.012,17]nonadecan-15-yl) acetate —— C21H28O6
    (6-Acetyl-9-oxo-5,8-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.02,7.04,6.012,17]nonadecan-15-yl) acetate
    —— (3S,4R)-4-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (3S,4R)-4-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3S)-3-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3R)-3-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C7H9NO2
    (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H31BrO4
    [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-chloro-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9ClO2
    (3S)-3-chloro-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-7-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione —— C10H10O4
    (5R)-7-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
    —— (1S,5S,9S,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C14H16O5
    (1S,5S,9S,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione
    —— (1S,5R,9R,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C14H16O5
    (1S,5R,9R,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione
    —— (1S,5S,9R,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C14H16O5
    (1S,5S,9R,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O6
    (3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,9S,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C14H16O5
    (1S,5R,9S,13S)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione
    —— [(2E,3S)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    [(2E,3S)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (6R)-5,5-dimethyl-6-(nitromethyl)oxan-2-one —— C8H13NO4
    (6R)-5,5-dimethyl-6-(nitromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (1S,6S,8R)-5,5,8-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecan-9-one —— C14H22O2
    (1S,6S,8R)-5,5,8-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecan-9-one
    —— (1S,6R,8R)-5,5,8-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecan-9-one —— C14H22O2
    (1S,6R,8R)-5,5,8-trimethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecan-9-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (5R)-5-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (5S)-5-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,4R,9R)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one —— C11H14O3
    (1R,2R,4R,9R)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one
    —— methyl (2E)-2-[(4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]acetate —— C10H14O4
    methyl (2E)-2-[(4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]acetate
    —— (3aR,5S,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3aR,5S,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— (3aS,5S,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3aS,5S,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— (1S,2R,4R,9R)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one —— C11H14O3
    (1S,2R,4R,9R)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one
    —— (2S)-2-(bromomethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C6H7BrO4
    (2S)-2-(bromomethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— propyl (2R)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H13ClO4
    propyl (2R)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,5R,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3aR,5R,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— (2S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C6H7ClO4
    (2S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2R,4R,9S)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one —— C11H14O3
    (1R,2R,4R,9S)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one
    —— (1S,2R,4R,9S)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one —— C11H14O3
    (1S,2R,4R,9S)-12-methylidene-3,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,4]dodecan-11-one
    —— methyl (2E)-2-[(4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]acetate —— C10H14O4
    methyl (2E)-2-[(4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]acetate
    —— 3-[(2S)-2-cyano-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid —— C8H9NO4
    3-[(2S)-2-cyano-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid
    —— (3Z,3aS,6aS)-3-[[(2S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C13H12O5
    (3Z,3aS,6aS)-3-[[(2S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one;12-methylidene-5,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.04,6]dodecan-11-one —— C22H28O5
    3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one;12-methylidene-5,10-dioxatricyclo[7.3.0.04,6]dodecan-11-one
    —— 3-(Oxolan-3-ylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    3-(Oxolan-3-ylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4,5-dibromo-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H6Br2O2
    (4R,5R)-4,5-dibromo-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C10H15BrO4
    ethyl (2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C10H15BrO4
    ethyl (2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2R,3S,4S,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C10H15BrO4
    ethyl (2R,3S,4S,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (4S,5R)-4,5-dibromo-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H6Br2O2
    (4S,5R)-4,5-dibromo-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (7S,9Z)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione —— C13H20O3
    (7S,9Z)-4,4,7-trimethyl-1-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione