摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— cis-4-Phenyl-5-isopropyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C13H16O2
    cis-4-Phenyl-5-isopropyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4R,5S)-5-Butyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (4R,5S)-5-Butyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-methyloctahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 33366-33-5 C10H16O2
    3-methyloctahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— Carbonic acid allyl ester (2R,3R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester 848893-30-1 C31H44O7Si2
    Carbonic acid allyl ester (2R,3R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester
    —— 3-O-allyl-2-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone 848893-31-2 C30H44O5Si2
    3-O-allyl-2-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-trimethylsilylmethylene-2(3H)-furanone 121767-12-2 C8H14O2Si
    4,5-dihydro-3-trimethylsilylmethylene-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-3-propylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 98011-26-8 C8H12O2
    (E)-3-propylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate 16838-73-6 C10H16O4
    ethyl 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate
    —— 1-Oxacycloundecane-2,8-dione 16121-19-0 C10H16O3
    1-Oxacycloundecane-2,8-dione
    —— 3-[1-Hydroxyamino-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-methyl-furan-2,4-dione 78752-10-0 C7H9NO4
    3-[1-Hydroxyamino-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-methyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (-)-2-chloro-2,3-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 128503-31-1 C6H9ClO4
    (-)-2-chloro-2,3-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (S,S,S,S)-2,5-dihydroxy-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-7-(triisopropylsilyloxy)-4-heptylolactone 1422373-49-6 C21H41NO7Si
    (S,S,S,S)-2,5-dihydroxy-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-7-(triisopropylsilyloxy)-4-heptylolactone
    —— 3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl]-(E)-propenal 515868-90-3 C16H28O4Si
    3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl]-(E)-propenal
    —— 4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-carbaldehyde 515869-00-8 C14H26O4Si
    4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 2-[(3R,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetaldehyde 877762-73-7 C9H14O4
    2-[(3R,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (3R,4R)-(+)-cis-dimethyl-(γ)-butyrolactone 90026-55-4 C6H10O2
    (3R,4R)-(+)-cis-dimethyl-(γ)-butyrolactone
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-5,6-Dimethyl-4-(phenylselanylmethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 139403-50-2 C14H18O2Se
    (4R,5R,6R)-5,6-Dimethyl-4-(phenylselanylmethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]pyran-2-one 774-31-2 C11H18O2
    4-methyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]pyran-2-one
    —— γ,γ,δ-trimethyl-δ-valerolactone 78238-80-9 C8H14O2
    γ,γ,δ-trimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— Spiro<1,3,5-cycloheptatrien-7,3'-tetrahydrofuran>-2'-on 63227-71-4 C10H10O2
    Spiro<1,3,5-cycloheptatrien-7,3'-tetrahydrofuran>-2'-on
    —— 4-acetyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonitrile 52135-54-3 C8H9NO3
    4-acetyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonitrile
    —— 4-cyano-trans-5,8-diphenyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-one 111904-77-9 C20H17NO2
    4-cyano-trans-5,8-diphenyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-one
    —— 2-C-methyl-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone 53008-96-1 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-C-methyl-D-xylono-1,4-lactone 53008-97-2 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-D-xylono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-Benzyl-glutarsaeure-anhydrid 112635-23-1 C12H12O3
    2-Benzyl-glutarsaeure-anhydrid
    —— 5-Butyl-5-ethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one 82415-94-9 C11H18O2
    5-Butyl-5-ethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(4-methylphenyl)dihydropyran-2,6-dione 91963-20-1 C12H12O3
    4-(4-methylphenyl)dihydropyran-2,6-dione
    —— 4-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-butyronitrile 98593-35-2 C8H11NO2
    4-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-butyronitrile
    —— 2-Oxo-3-propyloxolane-3-carbonyl chloride 82672-11-5 C8H11ClO3
    2-Oxo-3-propyloxolane-3-carbonyl chloride
    —— 4,4-Diethyl-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one 136066-41-6 C8H12O2
    4,4-Diethyl-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one
    —— α,α-Diethyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid 143096-21-3 C9H14O3
    α,α-Diethyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid
    —— (R)-4-ethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 71301-88-7 C7H12O2
    (R)-4-ethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-epi-compactin 84173-30-8 C23H34O5
    3-epi-compactin
    —— (S)-dihydro-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)furan-2(3H)-one 85428-32-6 C9H14O2
    (S)-dihydro-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 6,8-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one 135974-86-6 C11H18O2
    6,8-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one
    —— 1-Oxaspiro<4.5>dec-7-en-2-one 135974-78-6 C9H12O2
    1-Oxaspiro<4.5>dec-7-en-2-one
    —— (+/-)-anti-2,4-dimethylglutaric anhydride 4295-92-5 C7H10O3
    (+/-)-anti-2,4-dimethylglutaric anhydride
    —— sundiversifolide 935875-77-7 C13H20O3
    sundiversifolide
    —— (3R,3aR,7S,8aR,Z)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 225518-67-2 C13H20O3
    (3R,3aR,7S,8aR,Z)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,7S,8aR,Z)-6-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl]-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 935733-55-4 C28H36O3Si
    (3aR,7S,8aR,Z)-6-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl]-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 849464-79-5 C7H12O2
    (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2S,4S)-2,4-dimethylglutaric anhydride 118139-25-6 C7H10O3
    (2S,4S)-2,4-dimethylglutaric anhydride
    —— (2S,4S)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 332035-29-7 C15H28O3
    (2S,4S)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (2R,4R)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 332035-28-6 C15H28O3
    (2R,4R)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+)-(2S,4R)-cis-2,4-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone 75658-88-7 C7H12O2
    (+)-(2S,4R)-cis-2,4-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 5,5-Dicyclopropyl-2-oxo-3-methoxycarbonyltetrahydrofuran 82968-81-8 C12H16O4
    5,5-Dicyclopropyl-2-oxo-3-methoxycarbonyltetrahydrofuran
    —— 3S,5S-5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 147200-09-7 C22H28O3Si
    3S,5S-5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— methyl (1S,4aS,8R,8aS)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate 74848-77-4 C11H14O6
    methyl (1S,4aS,8R,8aS)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— (1R,5S)-7,7-dimethyl-1-vinyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one 1040833-47-3 C10H14O2
    (1R,5S)-7,7-dimethyl-1-vinyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one
    —— (-)-xylomollin 61229-34-3 C12H18O7
    (-)-xylomollin