内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 17β-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-3α,5-epoxy-A-homo-5α-androstan-4a-one | 88662-33-3 | C22H34O3 |
| —— | 6-Mercapto-oxocan-2-one | 81044-98-6 | C7H12O2S |
| —— | (1R,8R,10S,22S)-3,6,9,9,23,23-hexamethyl-13,19-dioxa-4,5-diazatricyclo[20.1.0.08,10]tricosa-3,5-diene-14,18-dione | 1338461-44-1 | C25H40N2O4 |
| —— | 1151392-10-7 | C16H32O3Si | |
| —— | 2,4-Benzyliden-D-glucuron-dipropylmercaptal | 112070-58-3 | C19H26O5S2 |
| —— | [5-Oxo-4-pent-(Z)-ylidene-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid tert-butyl ester | 108071-25-6 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | (1S,5 R,6 R,7 R)-6-(2,2-ethylenedioxyethyl)-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 156052-18-5 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | [(E,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-[(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enyl] acetate | 881838-59-1 | C13H20O6 |
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-3-semicarbazono-13β-methyl-5β,8α,9β,10α-podocarpan-carbonsaeure-(13α)-lacton | 107420-59-7 | C20H31N3O3 |
| —— | 4c,5t-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-cyclohexan-1r,2c-dicarbonsaeure-2->4-lacton-1-methylester | 90927-49-4 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 5-Acetyl-2,4-benzyliden-D-glucuron-dibenzylmercaptal | 119249-29-5 | C29H28O6S2 |
| —— | (S)-3-Triisopropylsilanyloxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141354-68-9 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | (+/-)-3-methylene-cyclobutane-1r,2c-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 80022-06-6 | C7H6O3 |
| —— | 5(S)-azido-6-cycloheptyl-2(S)-isopropyl-4(S)-hexanolide | 118041-23-9 | C16H27N3O2 |
| —— | Thioacetic acid S-((2S,4R)-4-isobutyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)ester | 202344-92-1 | C11H18O3S |
| —— | (1S,2R,5R,6S,7R)-5-chloro-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 165173-58-0 | C10H11ClO2 |
| —— | 138842-65-6 | C13H19NO7 | |
| —— | (Z)-2-(1-methylbut-3-enylidene)-4-butanolide | 118891-39-7 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 2-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-butyl)-acetoacetic acid-lactone | 91005-40-2 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 3-isopropyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 108420-21-9 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-11β-hydroxy-3,14-dioxo-14,15-seco-androsta-4,15-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 110047-40-0 | C19H22O4 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4aR,8S,9aS)-3-Hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-2-propyl-octahydro-1,5-dioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one | 221372-90-3 | C14H24O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aS,4S,6S,6aS)-6-iodo-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl ester | 104319-66-6 | C9H11IO4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-3-benzyl-5-<(1S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-cyclohexylethyl>-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 133956-95-3 | C25H37NO4 |
| —— | 4-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-ethyloxolan-2-one | 217435-85-3 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 128440-18-6 | C22H28O3Si |
| —— | 6α,7β-Dihydroxy-18-nor-kauren-16-saeure-19-19->6α-lacton | 72715-49-2 | C19H26O3 |
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 5-butyldihydro-6-phenyl-, trans- | 109277-48-7 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 6-cyclohept-1-en-1-yltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1010397-06-4 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4,4-Dihydroxy-2-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl-buttersaeure-lacton | 94329-04-1 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | glaciolide | 125482-27-1 | C19H30O2 |
| —— | 3-Amino-4,4-difluoro-5-hydroxy-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 126115-53-5 | C10H9F2NO3 |
| —— | ent-2β-hydroxy-1α-iodo-3β-(methoxymethoxy)-16-oxo-17,20-dinorgibberell-9-ene-7,19-dioic acid 7-methyl ester 19,2-lactone | 110391-25-8 | C21H25IO7 |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one | 137170-79-7 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | 72974-73-3 | C27H52O4Si2 | |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,7S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-7-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-ene-1,6-dione | 1449574-93-9 | C23H42O5Si2 |
| —— | 6-Nitro-9-nonanolide | 84246-81-1 | C9H15NO4 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-6-((R)-2-hydroxybutyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1332478-28-0 | C13H24O5 |
| —— | (1S,5S,8R)-8-Methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 83110-58-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 4-<4,4-dimethyl-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)cyclopentyl>-3-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 73879-74-0 | C17H28O4S |
| —— | (3S)-3-amino-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione | 138875-83-9 | C9H9NO3 |
| —— | 2-(2-Methoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-[1,3]dithiolane-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 49847-74-7 | C11H16O5S2 |
| —— | (3aSR,5R,6aR)-(+)-5-Hydroxy-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on | 117957-61-6 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3S,4R)-4-(6-hydroxy-hexyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester | 53299-75-5 | C13H22O5 |
| —— | 88819-46-9 | C25H26O7 | |
| —— | methyl (3aS,7aS,8S,10aR,10cS)-10-methylene-3-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,8,9,10,10a,10c-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[7,8]naphtho[1,2-c]furan-8-carboxylate | 1608108-80-0 | C18H22O4 |
| —— | 1273321-45-1 | C21H21NO5 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aS,5R,5aR,9aS)-5a-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,5a,6,7,9a-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-3a-yl ester | 98167-29-4 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | Thiophosphoric acid O,O'-diethyl ester S-(3-formyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl) ester | 297165-99-2 | C10H17O6PS |
| —— | (1S,2R,6S,7R)-5-methylidene-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 122774-82-7 | C10H10O2 |
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