内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranor-labd-9(11)-ene-12,19-dioic acid-19-lactone-12-methyl ester | 107524-28-7 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | 7-Hydroxy-6-(4-benzyl-6-cyan-3-hydroxy-1-hexenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-on | 81266-80-0 | C21H25NO4 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-4-(3-ethyl-3<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74226-84-9 | C12H18N2O2 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-(phenylselanylmethyl)oxan-2-one | 121772-41-6 | C12H14O3Se |
| —— | 6-(Acetoxymethyl)-9-nonanolide | 92643-63-5 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-4-methyl-6-((4R,6E,8S,10E,12S,14E,16S)-4,8,12,16-tetrakis((triethylsilyl)oxy)nonadeca-6,10,14,18-tetraen-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1458062-38-8 | C49H96O6Si4 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 114801-40-0 | C25H42O6 |
| —— | 3-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 40541-43-3 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (S)-3-Ethyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 102631-81-2 | C11H17NO4 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-2-<N-methyl(methoxycarbonyl)amino>-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-ene | 124375-96-8 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-1-Triisopropylsilanyloxy-tridecyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 907998-50-9 | C26H52O3Si |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5β,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-bis(2-methyl-2-propyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94800-14-3 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | (5RS,10RS)-10-hydroxy-9,9-bis-hydroxymethyl-2,7-dioxa-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one | 92016-47-2 | C10H16O6 |
| —— | 195214-84-7 | C19H26CuN4O5*H2O | |
| —— | 7-phenylselanyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 63048-54-4 | C14H16O2Se |
| —— | 110519-51-2 | C12H14O5 | |
| —— | trans-4-(5-([tert-butyl(dimethylsilyl)]oxy)-butyl)-3-hexyl-oxetan-2-one | 143677-72-9 | C19H38O3Si |
| —— | 7-t-butyl-dimethylsililoxy-6-[(1E)-3-t-butyldimethylsililoxy-1-octenyl]-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one | 61628-05-5 | C27H52O4Si2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-allyl-5-[(S)-2-methylbut-3-ynyl]-3-methylene-dihydrofuran-2-one | 868547-96-0 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 7,8-Dimethyl-10-methylene-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-7-en-1-one | 131061-80-8 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (5RS,1'RS)-5-methyl-5-(1'-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one | 92817-18-0 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>)-3<i>t</i>-isopropyl-1-propionyl-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-pyrano[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyrrole-5,7-dione | 109162-36-9 | C13H19NO4 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-dimethyl-D-glucaric acid-1=>4-lactone | 117898-97-2 | C8H12O7 |
| —— | (4R-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2(R,S)-ylmethyl)phenethylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 366797-78-6 | C25H31NO4 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one | 859427-83-1 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 77912-62-0 | C17H24O6 | |
| —— | (3RS,1'SR)-3-(4',4'-dimethyl-3'-oxo-1'-phenylpentyl)-2-tetrahydropyranone | 123101-26-8 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | (3RS,1'RS)-3-(4',4'-dimethyl-3'-oxo-1'-phenylpentyl)-2-tetrahydropyranone | 123101-25-7 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6S)-6-Isobutyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 141041-91-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | ethyl (E)-5-methyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-ylideneacetate | 85271-83-6 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | methyl (2R,3S,4R)-4-(methoxycarbonylamino)-2-methyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate | 111197-19-4 | C10H15NO6 |
| —— | 5-methoxy-3-propionyl-dihydrofuran-2-one | 193277-73-5 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (R)-3-[3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-1-ethoxy-prop-2-ynyloxy]-4,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 688743-85-3 | C17H30O4Si |
| —— | (4R,5S)-2-oxo-5-propyltetrahydropyran-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1214273-86-5 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 3,6-Dioxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodecane-2-carboxylic acid | 81408-27-7 | C12H14O5 |
| —— | (3aS,3bS,6R,6aS,7aR)-3a-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-tetradecyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[1,2-c;3,4-c']difuran-1,4-dione | 168008-06-8 | C40H58O5Si |
| —— | (3aR,5R,6aR)-5-Isopropyl-3-methylene-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one | 139926-69-5 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-3,4-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-oxetan-2-one | 74687-04-0 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | (4aS,5R,7aR)-3,3,7a-trimethyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one | 1334809-48-1 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | (4S,7R)-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-7-methyloxepan-2-one | 1408324-05-9 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-ethyl-5-((S)-1-hydroxypropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 460076-95-3 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | ethyl 5-iodo-2-(iodomethyl)-9-oxooxonane-5-carboxylate | 1003006-44-7 | C12H18I2O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-Methyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 736966-24-8 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-6-heptyltetrahydro-5-methyl-4,5-bis[(triethylsilyl)oxy]-2H-pyran-2-one | 1000873-32-4 | C25H52O4Si2 |
| —— | 2-Isobutyl-propiolacton-(1,3) | 102539-69-5 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | 3-Aethoxy-(3arH,5acH,9acH,9bcH)-dodecahydro-naphtho<1,2-c>furan-1-on | 92372-26-4 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | 2β,4aα-Dihydroxy-10β-methoxycarbonyl-1β,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-(4b-D)-7α-gibban-1α-carbonsaeure-(1->4a)-lacton | 103227-04-9 | C20H26O6 |
| —— | 6-Methyl-5-phenyl-3.4.5.6-tetrahydro-α-pyron | 92722-84-4 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (3aS,9R,9aR)-9-((S)-Dimethylamino-phenyl-methyl)-octahydro-cycloocta[b]furan-2-one | 113247-49-7 | C19H27NO2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-(-)-hexahydro-3-methylene-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 166584-24-3 | C8H10O2 |
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