内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3S,5R,6S)-6-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 83061-12-5 | C27H38O4Si |
| —— | (1R,7S)-5,8,8-Trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[5.1.0]octan-4-one | 135516-82-4 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-3-(difluoroiodomethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1232953-85-3 | C13H13F2IO2 |
| —— | (+)-1-Methyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-4,8-dione | 80721-94-4 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 2-hydroxymethylene-4-methylbutan-4-olide | 78646-82-9 | C6H8O3 |
| —— | (3'aR,4'S,6'aS)-4'-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]spiro[1,3-dithiolane-2,5'-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan]-2'-one | 84786-81-2 | C26H32O3S2Si |
| —— | 3,3-Bis(3-hydroxypropyl)oxan-2-one | 74636-65-0 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 536744-88-4 | C11H19NO6 |
| —— | (1S,5S)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carbonyl chloride | 22538-64-3 | C6H3ClO4 |
| —— | 2,2,4,5,5-Pentamethyl-δ-valerolactone | 131469-82-4 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,4R)-2-<(-)-camphanoyloxy>-5-chloro-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-carbonitrile | 105430-45-3 | C17H18ClNO5 |
| —— | 113107-80-5 | C7H11O2 | |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,4S,4aR,7S,8S,8aS)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-4,4a-bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 85614-21-7 | C36H68O7Si3 |
| —— | 4-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-1,2-dioxolane-3,5-dione | 83115-67-7 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | 3-Aza-2,6-dioxa-4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-phenyl-bicyclo<3,3,0>oct-3-en-7-on | 77976-16-0 | C14H13NO5 |
| —— | (R)-3-methyl-4-(propan-2-ylidene)oxetan-2-one | 1357488-14-2 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 12-n-Hexyl-dodec-9-inolid | 68373-04-6 | C18H30O2 |
| —— | 4-Isopropyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 116087-34-4 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-6-tert-Butoxy-5-methyl-4,8-dimethylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 80502-14-3 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | cis-1,8-dimethyl-9-phenyl-3,7-dioxa-8-azabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-2-one | 90545-82-7 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | 3-Butyl-5-(3-chloro-tetrahydro-furan-2-yloxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57040-33-2 | C16H25ClO6 |
| —— | Methyl (2R,3R,4R)-<4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(phenylthio)-2-<2-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>ethyl>tetrahydrofuran-3-yl>acetate | 141811-48-5 | C32H38O5SSi |
| —— | 1-Hydroxy-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 55881-99-7 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 7,7-Dimethyl-9-methylene-3-oxo-4-phenylsulfanyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 139294-47-6 | C20H24O4S |
| —— | 3,3-Diethyl-5,6,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 131469-84-6 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 67194-26-7 | C13H14O2 | |
| —— | 4-acetyl-5-dichloromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 59958-92-8 | C7H8Cl2O3 |
| —— | (3aR,5R,6aS)-4-(2-Cyclohexylidene-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 65641-57-8 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 1020850-87-6 | C11H16O3 | |
| —— | 3-(1-(furan-2-yl)-2-nitroethyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione | 1382859-29-1 | C10H9NO6 |
| —— | lactone of 1,1-dioxo-trans-2-chloro-cis-3-hydroxythiolan-4-ylacetic acid | 114430-27-2 | C6H7ClO4S |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aS)-4-Methyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furo[3,4-b]furan-2,6-dione | 76508-28-6 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | Spiro-<8-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-7,1'-cyclohexan>-9-on | 4350-85-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 7-hydroxymethyl-4,8-dioxo-5-oxotetracyclo<8.2.1.0<sup>2,9</sup>.0<sup>3,7</sup>>tridec-11-ene | 129991-75-9 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6S)-4-Isopropylidene-5,6-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 63449-13-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (16R,17S,18R,19S,35R,36R)-17,18,35,36-Tetraphenyl-3,14,21,32-tetraoxa-tricyclo[32.2.0.0<sup>16,19</sup>]hexatriacontane-2,15,20,33-tetraone | 67985-04-0 | C56H68O8 |
| —— | rel-(3S,4R)-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 86390-88-7 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (R)-2-acetoxy-1-((R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 93781-26-1 | C11H16O6 |
| —— | (11E,16E)-(2R,5S,7R,10S,15S)-10-Ethyl-7,11,15-trimethyl-13-methylene-2-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-1,3,9-trioxa-spiro[4.13]octadeca-11,16-diene-6,8-dione | 666715-16-8 | C30H40O5 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-((E)-3-phenyl-allyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 132697-51-9 | C20H30O3Si |
| —— | 3-benzoylamino-2,3,6-trideoxyhexono-L-xylo-δ-lactone | 73656-94-7 | C13H15NO4 |
| —— | (-)-5-methyl-5-(prop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1345249-45-7 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 8-Methyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]deca-6,8-dien-3-one | 67927-65-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 2-(3-Iodopropyl)caprolactone | 152667-72-6 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-trans-3-propyl-4-butyloxetan-2-one | 1057557-98-8 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 4-Aethylxanthogenyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran-3-on | 55752-46-0 | C11H18O3S2 |
| —— | (3S,6S)-6-Acetyl-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 65460-90-4 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3,5-Dimethoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 185220-44-4 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6S)-4,5-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 120927-77-7 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | 5-benzylmercapto-dihydro-furan-2-one | 103988-29-0 | C11H12O2S |
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