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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6a-Hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-2,9-dione —— C14H20O4
    6a-Hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[8,7-b]furan-2,9-dione
    —— (3S,3aR,4S,9aR,9bS)-3,4,6,9-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C16H20O3
    (3S,3aR,4S,9aR,9bS)-3,4,6,9-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,9aS,9bS)-3,4,6,9-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C16H20O3
    (3S,3aS,4S,9aS,9bS)-3,4,6,9-tetramethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S)-3-[[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]disulfanyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O4S2
    (3S)-3-[[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]disulfanyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropanamide —— C12H21NO4
    3-(5-hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
    —— (3S)-3-bromooxan-2-one —— C5H7BrO2
    (3S)-3-bromooxan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3S,4E)-4-(1-chloroethylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C8H9ClO4
    2-[(3S,4E)-4-(1-chloroethylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3R)-3-bromooxan-2-one —— C5H7BrO2
    (3R)-3-bromooxan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3R,4E)-4-(1-chloroethylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C8H9ClO4
    2-[(3R,4E)-4-(1-chloroethylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3E,5S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    (3E,5S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O2
    (5R)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O2
    (5S)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-[2-(chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H13ClO3
    (3R)-3-acetyl-3-[2-(chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9ClO3
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9ClO3
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(chloromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid —— C6H8O7
    (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid
    —— (2S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C7H9ClO3
    (2S)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (5S)-3-methylidene-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5S)-3-methylidene-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2R)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride —— C7H9ClO3
    (2R)-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— (5R,8R)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C7H8N2O3S
    (5R,8R)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (5S,8S)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C7H8N2O3S
    (5S,8S)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (5S,8R)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C7H8N2O3S
    (5S,8R)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (5R,8S)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C7H8N2O3S
    (5R,8S)-2-amino-8-methyl-7-oxa-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (3R,4S,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— [(1R,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1R,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1S,3R,7R,8R,8aS)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (3S,4R,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5S)-4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H13NO4
    (2S,3S,4S,5S)-4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3S)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C6H8O4
    2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3R)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3R)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C6H8O4
    2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3R)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3R)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    (3aS,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    (3aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3S)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3-methylidene-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5S)-3-methylidene-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3-methylidene-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5R)-3-methylidene-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S,6R)-4,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.46.25]dodecane-3,8-dione —— C10H12O4
    (5S,6R)-4,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.46.25]dodecane-3,8-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-4,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.46.25]dodecane-3,8-dione —— C10H12O4
    (5S,6S)-4,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.46.25]dodecane-3,8-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-4,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.46.25]dodecane-3,8-dione —— C10H12O4
    (5R,6R)-4,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.46.25]dodecane-3,8-dione
    —— (4R,7R,9S,11R)-11-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(10)-en-2-one —— C11H14O3
    (4R,7R,9S,11R)-11-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(10)-en-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-acetyloxepan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3S)-3-acetyloxepan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-3,3-dibromo-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione —— C10H11Br3O3
    (1R,5R)-3,3-dibromo-5-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione
    —— (2R,4S,5S,7S,9R,13S,14S)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione —— C15H14O6
    (2R,4S,5S,7S,9R,13S,14S)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione