内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | [(1S,3S,4aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate | 87770-13-6 | C25H42O5 |
|
| —— | [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate | 130468-11-0 | C25H36O6 |
|
| —— | Arabinono-1,4-lactone | 13280-76-7 | C5H8O5 |
|
| —— | 4-Cyclohexyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 62948-64-5 | C11H18O2 |
|
| —— | 5-(5-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 61099-36-3 | C13H24O3 |
|
| —— | 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 61099-53-4 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-Trichodesmic acid | 26543-10-2 | C10H16O5 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxetanone, 3-hexadecyl-4-pentadecylidene- | 67845-95-8 | C34H64O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxetanone, 4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyl- | 67845-94-7 | C34H64O2 |
|
| —— | 5-(1,3-Dimethyl-1-butenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 67800-85-5 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | D-Glucaro-3,6-lactone | 2782-04-9 | C6H8O7 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxetanone, 4-(8Z)-8-heptadecenylidene-3-(7Z)-7-hexadecenyl- | 56000-16-9 | C36H64O2 |
|
| —— | 3,8a-Ethano-8aH-1-benzopyran-2(3H)-one, hexahydro-3,5,5-trimethyl- | 21280-29-5 | C14H22O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one | 15121-77-4 | C11H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | Tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyl-4-[[5-oxo-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-yl]-trimethylsilyloxymethyl]-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate | 136597-87-0 | C24H49NO8Si3 |
|
| —— | 3-(((Trimethylsilyl)oxy)methylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 76881-13-5 | C8H14O3Si |
|
| —— | (+)-colinolide diol | —— | C8H12O4 |
|
| —— | 9-phenyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one | 56771-84-7 | C14H12O2 |
|
| —— | Hyphodontal | 159736-40-0 | C15H18O4 |
|
| —— | Echinosporin | 79127-35-8 | C10H9NO5 |
|
| —— | Moxadolen | 75992-53-9 | C11H13NO4 |
|
| —— | Poliglecaprone | —— | C10H14O6 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-(1Z)-1-decenyldihydro-, (5R)- | 64726-91-6 | C14H24O2 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl- | 101833-12-9 | C11H14F6O3 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxaspiro(4.5)decane-3-acetic acid, 1-oxo-3-phenyl-, 1-methyl-4-piperidyl ester | 101834-42-8 | C23H31NO4 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5,5-bis(chlorodifluoromethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl- | 101833-10-7 | C7H6Cl2F4O3 |
|
| —— | 5-[Chloro(difluoro)methyl]-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one | 101833-15-2 | C7H6ClF5O3 |
|
| —— | 4-(N-Butylnitrosamino)-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone | 73487-24-8 | C8H14N2O3 |
|
| —— | 3-((Diethylamino)methyl)-8-methyl-2,7-dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-1,6-dione | 66223-12-9 | C13H21NO4 |
|
| —— | Anhydrogrossmizin | 35945-78-9 | C15H16O3 |
|
| —— | 1,6-Dioxo-N,N,N,8-tetramethyl-2,7-dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-3-methanaminium bromide | 66223-19-6 | C12H20BrNO4 |
|
| —— | N-Hexylpilocarpinium iodide | 63868-84-8 | C17H29IN2O2 |
|
| —— | 3,8-Bis((diethylamino)methyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-1,6-dione | 60012-88-6 | C17H30N2O4 |
|
| —— | N-Benzyl-5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydro-2-furamide | 43159-81-5 | C18H17NO3 |
|
| —— | 5-Oxo-4-phenyltetrahydro-2-furancarbonitrile | 42013-28-5 | C11H9NO2 |
|
| —— | N,N-Diethyl-5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydro-2-furamide | 42013-31-0 | C15H19NO3 |
|
| —— | α-Phenyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure-amid | 42013-29-6 | C11H11NO3 |
|
| —— | 4,4-diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 33867-33-3 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Furoic acid, tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-, (2R,3R,4R)- | 26543-09-9 | C8H12O5 |
|
| —— | cis-3-butyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 19639-02-2 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | 3-(1,2-Dimethylpropyl)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 15971-47-8 | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | 5-Oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-3-furamide | 13390-01-7 | C11H11NO3 |
|
| —— | N,N-Diethyl-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-3-furamide | 13390-03-9 | C15H19NO3 |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylildenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-olide | 58141-59-6 | C10H10O5 |
|
| —— | 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylene-5-(prop-1-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1345462-60-3 | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | 3-((Z)-3-Triethylsilanyloxy-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 89597-52-4 | C14H26O3Si |
|
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 2-oxo-dihydro-furan-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl ester | 76881-24-8 | C6H8O5S |
|
| —— | 116053-51-1 | C13H14O6 |
|
|
| —— | 5-(8-methoxyoctyl)-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1310969-62-0 | C14H24O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,6S)-4-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3-hexyl-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 134360-67-1 | C28H56O3Si |
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