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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Oxaspiro[4.6]undecan-1-one 84565-27-5 C10H16O2
    2-Oxaspiro[4.6]undecan-1-one
    —— 3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-one 4350-84-9 C7H10O2
    3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(3'butenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanone 114423-69-7 C8H12O2
    (5S)-5-(3'butenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (2R/S,4R) 2-(3-propenyl)-4-methyl-4-butanolides 3926-76-9 C8H12O2
    (2R/S,4R) 2-(3-propenyl)-4-methyl-4-butanolides
    —— (R)-γ-Phenylselenomethyl-γ-butyrolactone 93752-74-0 C11H12O2Se
    (R)-γ-Phenylselenomethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]butyrolactone 137625-43-5 C6H10O4
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]butyrolactone
    —— (R)-5-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone 130767-09-8 C11H22O3Si
    (R)-5-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1′R,5R)-5-(1′,2′-dihydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 161906-46-3 C6H10O4
    (1′R,5R)-5-(1′,2′-dihydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-4-(phenylmethoxymethoxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 201993-87-5 C15H18O4
    (1R,4R,5R)-4-(phenylmethoxymethoxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one 172488-82-3 C9H14O2
    (1R,5S,6S)-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— 3,3-diethyl-5-(2-iodoethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 827017-73-2 C10H17IO2
    3,3-diethyl-5-(2-iodoethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2,7-dibromo-2,7-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-ido-heptono-1,4-lactone 116386-12-0 C7H10Br2O5
    2,7-dibromo-2,7-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-ido-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one 6053-93-6 C8H12O2
    2-Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate 202595-79-7 C15H20O4
    [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— O-((1R)-1-methylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carbonyl)-D-pantolactone 144193-88-4 C15H20O4
    O-((1R)-1-methylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carbonyl)-D-pantolactone
    —— O-((1S)-1-methylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carbonyl)-D-pantolactone 144193-86-2 C15H20O4
    O-((1S)-1-methylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carbonyl)-D-pantolactone
    —— (4RS,6SR)-4,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 24405-13-8 C7H12O2
    (4RS,6SR)-4,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetate 119312-06-0 C8H12O5
    methyl 2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetate
    —— 3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(1-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-41-6 C13H16O2S
    3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(1-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-26-7 C13H16O3
    4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-(1-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1570-91-8 C12H14O2
    3-(1-phenylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethyl-4-propyl-4-heptanolide 130307-30-1 C15H26O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethyl-4-propyl-4-heptanolide
    —— (2R,4aR,6aS,10aR,10bS)-2,6a-dimethyl-4,4a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one 1310683-07-8 C13H18O4
    (2R,4aR,6aS,10aR,10bS)-2,6a-dimethyl-4,4a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one
    —— 2(Z)-ethylidene-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,5-dimethyl-5-pentanolide 6582-61-2 C11H16O4
    2(Z)-ethylidene-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,5-dimethyl-5-pentanolide
    —— methyl (2R,4aR,6aR,7R,10aS,10bS)-2,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-4,4a,6a,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromene-7-carboxylate 1310683-29-4 C15H20O6
    methyl (2R,4aR,6aR,7R,10aS,10bS)-2,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-4,4a,6a,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromene-7-carboxylate
    —— β-Ethyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton 106118-67-6 C7H10O2
    β-Ethyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 3-spiro-1'-cyclohexane-4-methylenedihydro-2-(5H)-furanone 63965-86-6 C10H14O2
    3-spiro-1'-cyclohexane-4-methylenedihydro-2-(5H)-furanone
    —— 3-carbonyl-4-ethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-41-9 C7H10O4
    3-carbonyl-4-ethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— cis-5-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxyoxolan-2-one 82540-80-5 C6H10O4
    cis-5-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2S)-2-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate 203510-22-9 C9H14O4
    ethyl (2S)-2-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— 3O,5O-dimethyl-2-deoxy-1,4-ribonolactone 158976-99-9 C7H12O4
    3O,5O-dimethyl-2-deoxy-1,4-ribonolactone
    —— 3O,5O-dimethyl-2-deoxy-1,4-xylonolactone —— C7H12O4
    3O,5O-dimethyl-2-deoxy-1,4-xylonolactone
    —— (1R,4R,11R)-2-oxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-7-ene-1,10,10-tricarbonitrile 114615-03-1 C13H9N3O2
    (1R,4R,11R)-2-oxo-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-7-ene-1,10,10-tricarbonitrile
    —— (4α,8aα,8bα)-(+/-)-4,5,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-4-phenyl-2H-azuleno<1,8-bc>furan-2-one 118575-68-1 C17H16O2
    (4α,8aα,8bα)-(+/-)-4,5,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-4-phenyl-2H-azuleno<1,8-bc>furan-2-one
    —— (S)-(+)-3-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide 80656-71-9 C5H8O3
    (S)-(+)-3-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide
    —— 8-Methyl-4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-2-one 123217-97-0 C11H14O2
    8-Methyl-4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-2-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-prop-2-enyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate 186422-59-3 C12H19NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-prop-2-enyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— 2-Methyl-2-carbethoxy-butanolid 5161-99-9 C8H12O4
    2-Methyl-2-carbethoxy-butanolid
    —— (S)-(+)-2-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-4-butanolide 226249-55-4 C8H12O3
    (S)-(+)-2-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-4-butanolide
    —— (S)-(+)-2-carboxymethyl-2-methyl-4-butanolide 206532-50-5 C7H10O4
    (S)-(+)-2-carboxymethyl-2-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— 2-((S)-3-Methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetamide 206532-52-7 C7H11NO3
    2-((S)-3-Methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetamide
    —— 1-bromo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-one 1632155-69-1 C6H7BrO2
    1-bromo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-one
    —— (1<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4,8,8-trimethyl-spiro[2.5]octane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride 93568-12-8 C13H18O3
    (1<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4,8,8-trimethyl-spiro[2.5]octane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride
    —— 3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1,4-dione 82093-34-3 C7H8O3
    3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1,4-dione
    —— (1S,5R)-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one 62158-44-5 C8H10O3
    (1S,5R)-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one
    —— (1S,5R,6S,7R,3'R)-7-[(tert-butyl)dimethylsiloxy]-6-[(E)-3'-(tert-butyl)dimethylsiloxyoct-1'-en-1'-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one 249890-44-6 C27H52O4Si2
    (1S,5R,6S,7R,3'R)-7-[(tert-butyl)dimethylsiloxy]-6-[(E)-3'-(tert-butyl)dimethylsiloxyoct-1'-en-1'-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one
    —— 2-Oxepanone, 5,5'-(1-methylethylidene)bis- 93745-78-9 C15H24O4
    2-Oxepanone, 5,5'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-
    —— Lovastatin Related Compo —— C24H38O5
    Lovastatin Related Compo
    —— (2S,3aS,7aS)-2-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyrrol-6-one 1361403-65-7 C24H31NO3Si
    (2S,3aS,7aS)-2-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyrrol-6-one
    —— upiol 72378-78-0 C15H22O3
    upiol