内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4-Dioxo-3,3-diphenyl-perhydro-cyclopenta<b>pyran | 1459-35-4 | C20H18O3 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-3-Oxo-4-(3-oxo-butyl)-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4-carbaldehyde | 74542-59-9 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 6-Acetyl-3-methylene-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 65460-96-0 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | trans-1-Acetyl-5-oxo-4-oxaspiro<2.3>hexan | 71000-54-9 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | (1R,6S,7S,8S)-7-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-nitro-8-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one | 1378941-83-3 | C19H16FNO4 |
| —— | [1aα(S*),3aβ,6aβ,6bα]-1a-[4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-1-methylbutyl]hexahydro-2,6-bis(methylene)oxireno[e]benzofuran-5(2H)-one | 66365-23-9 | C21H34O4Si |
| —— | (3R,4R)-trans-3-methyl-4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one | 1057557-59-1 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-3-(difluoroiodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 1232953-71-7 | C12H11F2IO2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-3-Azido-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[(R)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 213457-89-7 | C18H37N3O5Si2 |
| —— | (S)-6-((4S,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1152590-04-9 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | 10β-hydroxy-11β,13-dihydrocichopumilide | 90486-39-8 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7R,8S)-7,8-Dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one | 145298-87-9 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxepane-2,6(3H)-dione | 122061-10-3 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6S,6aR)-6-Fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 69927-95-3 | C8H11FO4 |
| —— | (2S,4S)-4-Allyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 147642-20-4 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-7-phenyl-2-oxo-6-hydroximino-2H,4H,5H,6H,7H-furo-<3,4-b>pyran | 72900-53-9 | C15H15NO4 |
| —— | (Z)-4,4,7-Trimethyl-2-oxo-6-hydroximino-2H,4H,5H,6H,7H-furo-<3,4-b>pyran | 72900-52-8 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | (R)-5-((2S,5R)-2,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1242242-17-6 | C12H22O5 |
| —— | 72595-32-5 | C24H32O9 | |
| —— | (3aS,4R,6R,6aR)-4-hydroxy-4,6a-dimethyl-5-methylidene-6-phenyl-3a,6-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1210328-10-1 | C16H18O3 |
| —— | (4aR,6aR,10aS,10bS)-8-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4a,10a-dimethyl-7-methylenedecahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-d][1,3]dioxin-3-one | 1310694-61-1 | C21H36O4Si |
| —— | (S,Z)-(-)-5-(1-octenyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one | 139477-53-5 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (Z)-4-cyclohexyl-3-ethylidene-4-methyl-1-oxetan-2-one | 145475-69-0 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 6-azido-5-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 261722-26-3 | C22H27N3O3Si |
| —— | 141927-60-8 | C112H144F24O24 | |
| —— | 5-Methyl-5-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 107183-97-1 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-3-methylene-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 65461-06-5 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-77-1 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | 1-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,7-dione | 55833-76-6 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one | 1417797-18-2 | C6H9FO3 |
| —— | 2-exo-hydroxy-4-phenylnorborn-5-en-7-anti-ylcarboxylic acid γ-lactone | 75759-34-1 | C14H12O2 |
| —— | 5,5,9-trimethyl-3-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-2-one | 112894-94-7 | C15H27NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(1α,3β,9S*)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxatricyclo<7.3.0.03,9>dodecan-5-one | 79449-58-4 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (R,S)-5-[(R)-methyl-(tert-butanesulfinylamino)methyl]furan-2(4H)-one | 1329451-10-6 | C10H19NO3S |
| —— | α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone | 126087-87-4 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 3'-vinylcyclohexanespiro-4'-oxetan-2'-one | 77192-36-0 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 5-phenyl-2-(2-((((R)-1-phenylethyl)imino)methyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-4-one | 1363311-34-5 | C23H20BNO3 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 134004-70-9 | C31H52O5Si |
| —— | (1R,5S,7S)-3-Oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undec-8-en-2-one | 134870-10-3 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 183719-85-9 | C12H19HgIO2 | |
| —— | (S)-3,3-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 398453-06-0 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (4R)-2-Phenylselenomethyl-4.6-dihydroxy-6-methylheptansaeure-1->4-lacton | 60856-96-4 | C15H20O3Se |
| —— | 18-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5α-aetiansaeure-lacton | 86698-76-2 | C20H28O3 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,6S,9R,9aS,9bS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-9b-hydroxy-3a,4,5,5a,6,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6,9-methanonaphtho[2,1-b]furan-2(1H)-one | 433218-87-2 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | <5R*S*(1Z)> 5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-(3H)-one | 167169-62-2 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (R)-3-Chloro-3-ethyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.11]pentadecan-2-one | 138589-72-7 | C16H27ClO2 |
| —— | (3R,4aR,5R,6R,8S,8aS)-8-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-octahydro-chromene-6-carbonitrile | 106455-96-3 | C17H29NO4Si |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-((R)-hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141277-24-9 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | (4aR,6R,8aR)-4,6-Dimethyl-5,8-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 70485-88-0 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid 4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl ester | 70766-07-3 | C18H26O5 |
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