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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-Methyl-19-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadec-13-ene-6,15,18-trione —— C19H22O4
    5-Methyl-19-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadec-13-ene-6,15,18-trione
    —— (5S,6R,7S,9E)-6,7-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-9-en-2-one —— C10H14O5
    (5S,6R,7S,9E)-6,7-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-9-en-2-one
    —— 1,2,3,4,4a,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b-Dodecahydrobenzo[c]chromen-6-one —— C13H20O2
    1,2,3,4,4a,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b-Dodecahydrobenzo[c]chromen-6-one
    —— 6β-hydroxyaplysistatin 79493-95-1 C15H21BrO4
    6β-hydroxyaplysistatin
    —— 5'-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-8'-iodospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane]-3'-one —— C13H19IO6
    5'-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-8'-iodospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane]-3'-one
    —— Vernomenin 20107-26-0 C15H16O5
    Vernomenin
    —— [(1R,3S,4R,8R,13R,15R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(1R,3S,4R,8R,13R,15R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— plaunol B 69749-00-4 C20H20O6
    plaunol B
    —— [(1R,3S,4R,8R,13R,15R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O7
    [(1R,3S,4R,8R,13R,15R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— methyl (1S,2R,3S,5R,8S,9R,10S,11S)-3,11-dihydroxy-10-methyl-4-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxapentacyclo[8.3.2.22,5.01,9.02,7]heptadec-6-ene-8-carboxylate —— C20H24O6
    methyl (1S,2R,3S,5R,8S,9R,10S,11S)-3,11-dihydroxy-10-methyl-4-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxapentacyclo[8.3.2.22,5.01,9.02,7]heptadec-6-ene-8-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde —— C6H8O6
    2-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde
    —— 2-Dehydro-D-glucono-1,5-lactone —— C6H8O6
    2-Dehydro-D-glucono-1,5-lactone
    —— L-Arabino-1,5-lactone —— C5H8O5
    L-Arabino-1,5-lactone
    —— 1,6,6-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one —— C10H16O3
    1,6,6-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one
    —— 5-exo-Hydroxy-1,2-campholide —— C10H16O3
    5-exo-Hydroxy-1,2-campholide
    —— Ascorbinsaeure 7270-86-2 C6H8O6
    Ascorbinsaeure
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Oxo-1,2-campholide —— C10H14O3
    5-Oxo-1,2-campholide
    —— 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H19NO2
    3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— N-ethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    N-ethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-benzylidene-6-methyl-6,9a-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-2-one —— C19H15NO2
    3-benzylidene-6-methyl-6,9a-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-2-one
    —— Teclea grandiflora tgc-6 —— C28H36O6
    Teclea grandiflora tgc-6
    —— 13-(Hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C14H16O5
    13-(Hydroxymethyl)-12-methoxy-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-6,11-diene-3,10-dione
    —— 3-Methylidenespiro[oxolane-5,4'-tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane]-2-one —— C13H16O2
    3-Methylidenespiro[oxolane-5,4'-tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonane]-2-one
    —— Ekebergin I —— C38H56O18
    Ekebergin I
    —— Acetyldeoxyprieurianin —— C40H52O16
    Acetyldeoxyprieurianin
    —— Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-4,5,11,16-tetrahydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-10,15-dioxospiro[2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecane-17,2'-oxirane]-7-yl]acetate —— C27H34O12
    Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-4,5,11,16-tetrahydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-10,15-dioxospiro[2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecane-17,2'-oxirane]-7-yl]acetate
    —— 4-(1,2-Dihydroxypropyl)-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    4-(1,2-Dihydroxypropyl)-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— Diethyl-methyl-[(5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl]azanium —— C11H22NO2+
    Diethyl-methyl-[(5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl]azanium
    —— briarellin D —— C24H36O6
    briarellin D
    —— [(1S,2S,3R,4R,7R,8R,11S,14R,17S)-14-hydroxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl] acetate —— C22H32O6
    [(1S,2S,3R,4R,7R,8R,11S,14R,17S)-14-hydroxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl] acetate
    —— [(1S,2S,5R,6S,7R)-6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C13H20O6
    [(1S,2S,5R,6S,7R)-6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C22H38O5
    [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 3-[1-[2-[1-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C14H20N2O4
    3-[1-[2-[1-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[1-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)ethylidene]tetra-hydrofuran-2-one —— C8H13NO3
    3-[1-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)ethylidene]tetra-hydrofuran-2-one
    —— Matricarine —— C17H20O5
    Matricarine
    —— elisabanolide —— C19H26O4
    elisabanolide
    —— [4-Decylidene-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate —— C23H38O5
    [4-Decylidene-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-propan-2-ylpentylidene)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C20H34O5
    [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-propan-2-ylpentylidene)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-propan-2-ylpentylidene)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate —— C22H36O5
    [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methyl-3-propan-2-ylpentylidene)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one —— C6H10O4
    (3S,4R)-4-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— propan-2-yl (3S,4R,7S,9S)-8-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-oxo-9-[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclohexyl]oxy-2,6,10-trioxa-1-azatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-3-carboxylate —— C31H39NO7Si
    propan-2-yl (3S,4R,7S,9S)-8-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-oxo-9-[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclohexyl]oxy-2,6,10-trioxa-1-azatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-Ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    5-Ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,5S,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C19H34O4Si
    (3aS,5S,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H32O4Si
    (5S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3,4,5,6-Tetramethoxytetrahydropyran-2-one —— C9H16O6
    3,4,5,6-Tetramethoxytetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— methyl (4aS,12aR)-3-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate —— C21H24O5
    methyl (4aS,12aR)-3-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4aS,10R,12aR)-3-(furan-3-yl)-4a,10-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,10,11,12,12a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate —— C21H26O5
    methyl (4aS,10R,12aR)-3-(furan-3-yl)-4a,10-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,10,11,12,12a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate
    —— 6-Methyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    6-Methyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 2-Oxatetracyclo[6.3.1.16,10.01,5]tridecan-3-one —— C12H16O2
    2-Oxatetracyclo[6.3.1.16,10.01,5]tridecan-3-one