内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | [(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate | 123716-85-8 | C11H10Cl3NO6 |
| —— | [3R,3aS,6aR,(2S)]-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d]isoxazol-5-one | 420846-40-8 | C12H19NO7 |
| —— | (2aα,2bβ,5aβ,5bα)-2,2a,2b,5,5a,5b-Hexahydro-2-oxo-2a-phenylcyclopenta<1,2>cyclobuta<3,4-b>oxet-5b-carbonsaeure-methylester | 115410-92-9 | C16H14O4 |
| —— | 1-Allyl-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonane-3,9-dione | 95578-27-1 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | 6-isobutyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 14983-21-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 6-bromo-6-deoxy-D-idono-1,4-lactone | 161085-46-7 | C6H9BrO5 |
| —— | 2-((2S,3S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetic acid | 1268695-33-5 | C12H22O5Si |
| —— | (3aR,4aS,6S,7aR,9aR)-6-Hydroxy-3a,4a-dimethyl-5-methylene-decahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,4-dione | 139697-07-7 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S,2'R,4'S)-2-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propylcarbamate | 326500-66-7 | C14H25NO4 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-(3-phenylprop-2-ynylidene)oxolan-2-one | 274902-12-4 | C13H10O2 |
| —— | 5-(furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-7'-methyl-3',4,5,5',5a',7',8',8a'-octahydrospiro[furan-3,6'-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan]-2'(4'H)-one | 136176-66-4 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aS,4R,7aR)-3-methylene-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-4-yl ester | 54312-17-3 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | 181631-89-0 | C23H29NO4Si | |
| —— | N-[(2R,3S)-5-Oxo-2-((1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetamide | 65371-73-5 | C9H15NO6 |
| —— | 4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one | 1353021-14-3 | C9H14O3Si |
| —— | (1aR,3aR,6aR,6bR)-1a,6,6a,6b-Tetrahydro-1H,3aH-4-oxa-cyclopropa[e]inden-5-one | 85317-02-8 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | ethyl (2R,3R)-(-)-trans-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1084874-78-1 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 1,9-Bis-(2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3,7-dithia-nonane | 412934-59-9 | C15H24O4S2 |
| —— | 5-Benzyl-5-(iodomethyl)oxolan-2-one | 1270045-95-8 | C12H13IO2 |
| —— | (4R,7R,8S)-4,7-Dimethyl-1-oxo-8-(3-oxo-butyl)-hexahydro-isochromene-8a-carbaldehyde | 127681-78-1 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | 5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-butyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one | 54020-16-5 | C8H7F7O2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5R)-4,5,8,8-Tetramethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 463314-34-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-((R)-3-hydroxy-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 153402-96-1 | C19H38O5Si |
| —— | (S)-5-(1’-iodo-1’-(Z)-octenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-40-8 | C12H19IO2 |
| —— | 6,7-Dihydro-spiro<benzo<b>thiophen-4(5H),3'(2'H)-furan>-5'(4'H)-on | 105776-42-9 | C11H12O2S |
| —— | 1-Allyl-9-methoxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-3-one | 127867-33-8 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | (5-Isobutoxymethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid | 910577-41-2 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | [5-(3-Methyl-butoxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid | 910577-44-5 | C12H20O5 |
| —— | 4-Benzyloxy-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacycloheptan-4-carboxlic acid | 68423-64-3 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 121078-31-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | dl-cis-4-hexadecyloxy-6-hydroxy-5-hexanolide | 126906-87-4 | C22H42O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (3S,4S,5S)-5-[(R)-1-iodoethyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-ylcarbamate | 1174006-30-4 | C18H24INO4 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-phenylpentan-3-olide | 1376112-28-5 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 3a-Methyl-1,2,3a,4,5,5a,9a,9b-octahydro-6-oxa-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene-3,7-dione | 64361-39-3 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7S)-5-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 84566-09-6 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 1402067-86-0 | C13H17O5P | |
| —— | dihydro-5-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(phenylselenyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 1061364-58-6 | C17H16O2Se |
| —— | 6-azido-3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone | 457073-55-1 | C6H9N3O4 |
| —— | 4,4,6,7-Tetramethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one | 63449-19-4 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 4-Allyloxymethyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66873-57-2 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (1aR,3S,5aR,5bS,6S,7S)-3-acetoxymethyl-6,7-di-tert-butoxy-5-oxo-pyrrolidino[1,2-b]isoxazolidino[4,5-c]tetrahydropyran | 291304-47-7 | C20H33NO7 |
| —— | [(R)-3-methyl-1-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hept-6-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852877-88-4 | C17H29NO4 |
| —— | (1S<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>,9R<sup>*</sup>,10R<sup>*</sup>)-10-Carboxy-1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>5,9</sup>>dec-7-en-2-one | 144534-15-6 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 7-cyclopentyloxepan-2-one | 1367836-18-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aS,5R,5aR,9aR)-5a-hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,5a,6,7,9a-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-3a-yl ester | 98064-71-2 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | (5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylprop-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 1449005-69-9 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,5R,2'S)-5-iodomethyl-3-oxiranylmethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 848821-25-0 | C8H11IO3 |
| —— | 3-(2-methylhept-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321199-95-4 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1225281-63-9 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | trans-6-acetoxymethyl-3-benzyloxyamino-2-pyrone | 109001-61-8 | C15H19NO5 |
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