内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-methyl-4-(4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxybutyl)-epsilon-caprolactone | 134163-42-1 | C17H34O3Si |
|
| —— | 6-[6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-methylnonyl]-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one | 1229648-39-8 | C32H48O5Si |
|
| —— | 4-(4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxybutyl)-epsilon-caprolactone | 134163-41-0 | C16H32O3Si |
|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-4-(4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxybutyl)-epsilon-caprolactone | 134163-44-3 | C18H36O3Si |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,4aR,6S,8S,8aS,4'R,6'R,2''S)-6'<2-<1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2-methyl-8-<(2''-methylbutyryl)oxy>-6-<(Z)-prop-1-enyl>-1-naphthalenyl>ethyl>tetrahydro-4'-hydroxy-2'H-pyran-2'-one | 134931-65-0 | C26H40O5 |
|
| —— | (4R,6S,1'S)-6-(1'-Iodopentyl)-4-(triisopropylsiloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 135677-44-0 | C19H37IO3Si |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,4aR,6S,8S,8aS,4'R,6'R)-6'<2-<1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2-methyl-8-<(2'',2''-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-6-<(E)-prop-1-enyl>-1-naphthalenyl>ethyl>tetrahydro-4'-hydroxy-2'H-pyran-2'-one | 134852-63-4 | C27H42O5 |
|
| —— | Methyl 5-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-6-propan-2-ylidene-1,6a-dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylate | 1192068-07-7 | C19H20O4 |
|
| —— | (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-6-octenoic acid lactone | 81987-48-6 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5-[4-(3-ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazolyl)butyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1082070-87-8 | C14H21NO5 |
|
| —— | 5-[4-(3-hexylcarbamoyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazolyl)butyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1082071-04-2 | C18H30N2O4 |
|
| —— | Tert-butyl 5-[4-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)butyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate | 1082071-09-7 | C16H25NO5 |
|
| —— | N,N-diethyl-5-[4-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)butyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide | 1082071-06-4 | C16H26N2O4 |
|
| —— | 2R,4S,5S-6-cyclohexyl-5-amino-2-(2'-methylpropyl)-gamma-hexanolactone hydrochloride | 117497-27-5 | C16H29NO2*ClH |
|
| —— | 5-Heptyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid phenethyl ester | 223600-86-0 | C20H28O4 |
|
| —— | eupalmerin acetate | 1000396-74-6 | C22H32O5 |
|
| —— | 7-deoxy-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glycero-D-mannoheptonic acid ε-lactone | 329358-72-7 | C13H20O6 |
|
| —— | (S)-7-(hydroxymethyl)oxepan-2-one | 1216785-69-1 | C7H12O3 |
|
| —— | 7-deoxy-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-L-glycero-D-mannoheptonic acid ε-lactone | 329358-70-5 | C13H20O6 |
|
| —— | 2-(E)-bromomethylene-3(S)-hydroxymethyl-4(S)-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone | 163959-28-2 | C11H17BrO3 |
|
| —— | (4R)-4({[(2S)-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 227804-94-6 | C12H20N2O3 |
|
| —— | (2S,3R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid | 203864-73-7 | C11H18O4 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-pentyl-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 142188-53-2 | C15H20O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-4({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 227804-96-8 | C13H22N2O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-4({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)-3-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 227804-98-0 | C15H26N2O3 |
|
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-5-pentyloxolan-2-one | 244612-57-5 | C12H20O4 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-[(E)-(hept-1-enyl)]-5-pentyl-4,5-dihydro-(3H)-furan-2-one | 330847-97-7 | C16H28O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-allyl-4({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 227804-95-7 | C15H24N2O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)-3-(2-{[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethylsilyl]oxy}ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 227804-99-1 | C20H38N2O4Si |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 227804-97-9 | C19H26N2O3 |
|
| —— | isohomopilopic acid | 170207-45-1 | C8H12O4 |
|
| —— | 1-methyl-8-oxaspiro[5.6]dodec-1-ene-3,7-dione | 592479-22-6 | C12H16O3 |
|
| —— | 2-acetyl-2-(3-oxobutyl)-6-hexanolide | 592479-14-6 | C12H18O4 |
|
| —— | (S)-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 132604-11-6 | C6H8O3 |
|
| —— | (+)-galiellalactone | —— | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | Agn-PC-0jtlmu | 56817-97-1 | C15H24O2 |
|
| —— | α-(diethoxyphosphinyl)-ε-caprolactone | 122593-66-2 | C10H19O5P |
|
| —— | 3-<(Z)-(Methoxycarbonyl)methylene>-1-oxacyclopentan-2-one | 72001-46-8 | C7H8O4 |
|
| —— | 3-<(Z)-(Methoxycarbonyl)methylene>-5-methyl-1-oxacyclopentan-2-one | 72001-51-5 | C8H10O4 |
|
| —— | (Z)-α-(1-chloroheptylidene)-β-ethyl-β-lactone | 627526-57-2 | C12H19ClO2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-threo-γ-hydroxy-β-lysine lactone | 53990-02-6 | C6H12N2O2 |
|
| —— | 3-bromo-4-diethylamino-5-methoxytetrahudrofuran-2-one | 88050-92-4 | C9H16BrNO3 |
|
| —— | (4R,5R,10R)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione | 1195113-89-3 | C10H16O5 |
|
| —— | (2R,3S)-5-Eth-(E)-ylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | (5R)-benzyldihydrofuran-2-one | 437606-63-8 | C11H12O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Methyl-5-propanoyloxan-2-one | 89665-32-7 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 5-Acetyl-3-methyloxan-2-one | 89665-31-6 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | 2-(1-methylthioethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone | 96899-36-4 | C6H8O2S |
|
| —— | 4-Methyl-4-(trichloromethyl)oxetan-2-one | 88351-52-4 | C5H5Cl3O2 |
|
| —— | Teuscorolide | 41515-46-2 | C19H18O5 |
|
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