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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-[({[(3R)-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy}carbonyl)oxy]-2,5-pyrrolidinedione 857904-22-4 C9H9NO7
    1-[({[(3R)-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy}carbonyl)oxy]-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
    —— (R)-α-N,N-diboc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone 666706-29-2 C14H23NO7
    (R)-α-N,N-diboc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S)-3-triethylsilanyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1131164-81-2 C10H20O3Si
    (3S)-3-triethylsilanyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2(R)-fluoro-γ-butyrolactone 86677-74-9 C4H5FO2
    2(R)-fluoro-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-(Bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en)-3'-spiro-(2'(H),4',5'-dihydrofuran-5-on) —— C10H12O2
    2-(Bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en)-3'-spiro-(2'(H),4',5'-dihydrofuran-5-on)
    —— (4S)-4-[[2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-one 207444-46-0 C13H26O3Si
    (4S)-4-[[2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— IM-2 124753-55-5 C9H16O4
    IM-2
    —— (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxan-2-one 461044-22-4 C6H10O3
    (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-on 92015-96-8 C10H16O3
    5-Hydroxy-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-on
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-5-methoxymethoxymethyl-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-1-one 552290-87-6 C13H20O4
    (3R,4S,5R)-5-methoxymethoxymethyl-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-1-one
    —— 10-oxa-8-methylenebicyclo[5.3.0]dec-2-en-9-one 78804-74-7 C10H12O2
    10-oxa-8-methylenebicyclo[5.3.0]dec-2-en-9-one
    —— trans-3-benzyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 75584-30-4 C12H14O3
    trans-3-benzyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-benzyl-3-(methanesulfanyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 143994-40-5 C12H14O2S
    3-benzyl-3-(methanesulfanyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— cis-3-benzyl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one 157544-61-1 C11H12O3
    cis-3-benzyl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (7Z)-7-hydroxyimino-10-methyloxecan-2-one 77432-56-5 C10H17NO3
    (7Z)-7-hydroxyimino-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— methyl (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1201937-46-3 C7H10O5
    methyl (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-methyl-4-(tris(methylthio)methyl)-5-undecyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1265895-89-3 C20H38O2S3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-methyl-4-(tris(methylthio)methyl)-5-undecyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-3-methylene-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 109958-04-5 C11H10O2
    (S)-3-methylene-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-(methylsulfonyloxymethylene)-2(3H)-furanone 76881-14-6 C6H8O5S
    (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-(methylsulfonyloxymethylene)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R*,4S*,5R*,6S*)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2-pyranone 85699-64-5 C8H14O3
    (3R*,4S*,5R*,6S*)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2-pyranone
    —— 4-methyl-5-oxabishomoadamantan-6-one 334785-68-1 C12H18O2
    4-methyl-5-oxabishomoadamantan-6-one
    —— γ-n-Hexylparaconsaeure 20597-52-8 C11H18O4
    γ-n-Hexylparaconsaeure
    —— (3Z)-3-[bromo(phenyl)methylidene]oxolan-2-one 7153-56-2 C11H9BrO2
    (3Z)-3-[bromo(phenyl)methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Chloro-4,4-diethyloxetan-2-one 79930-61-3 C7H11ClO2
    3-Chloro-4,4-diethyloxetan-2-one
    —— (8R)-ethyl-(7S)-methyloxocan-2-one 1040731-61-0 C10H18O2
    (8R)-ethyl-(7S)-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-hydroxyoxepan-2-one 626201-31-8 C6H10O3
    (5R)-5-hydroxyoxepan-2-one
    —— (2R,4S,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxononan-5-olide 126365-73-9 C13H22O3
    (2R,4S,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxononan-5-olide
    —— Methyl (2S,3S)-(-)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-3-furancarboxylate 1018784-85-4 C19H34O4
    Methyl (2S,3S)-(-)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-tridecyl-3-furancarboxylate
    —— (3E)-3-[(5Z)-5-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)pentylidene]oxolan-2-one 67194-29-0 C13H16O4
    (3E)-3-[(5Z)-5-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)pentylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-benzylideneoxolane-2,4-dione 30030-96-7 C11H8O3
    (3E)-3-benzylideneoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,6R)-9-(Z-bromomethylene)-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-2-en-8-one 1358918-29-2 C10H11BrO2
    (1R,6R)-9-(Z-bromomethylene)-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-2-en-8-one
    —— 1-[(Z)-[(4E)-2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]amino]-3-methylthiourea 54097-92-6 C10H16N6O4S2
    1-[(Z)-[(4E)-2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)-5-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]amino]-3-methylthiourea
    —— 4-(3-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 1355228-09-9 C11H11FO2
    4-(3-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— (3-chloro-l-camphoric acid )-anhydride 66569-62-8 C10H13ClO3
    (3-chloro-l-camphoric acid )-anhydride
    —— 3-allyl-3-[(2'Z,4'E)-2',3'-dimethyl-5'-(trimethylsilyl)penta-2',4'-dienyl]furan(5H)-2,4-dione 1193305-05-3 C17H26O3Si
    3-allyl-3-[(2'Z,4'E)-2',3'-dimethyl-5'-(trimethylsilyl)penta-2',4'-dienyl]furan(5H)-2,4-dione
    —— (Z)-3-allyl-3-(3,4-dimethylpenta-2,4-dienyl)furan-2,4(5H)-dione 1193304-97-0 C14H18O3
    (Z)-3-allyl-3-(3,4-dimethylpenta-2,4-dienyl)furan-2,4(5H)-dione
    —— cis-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one 67173-96-0 C13H16O2
    cis-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+)-4,5-secoartemisinin 131691-31-1 C15H24O5
    (+)-4,5-secoartemisinin
    —— (-)-5-nor-4,5-secoartemisinin 131691-30-0 C14H22O5
    (-)-5-nor-4,5-secoartemisinin
    —— 3β-hydroxy-5β-<(2-phenyl)ethyl>-δ-lactone 111466-34-3 C13H16O3
    3β-hydroxy-5β-<(2-phenyl)ethyl>-δ-lactone
    —— (4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one 78444-24-3 C13H16O3
    (4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 1(R),5(S),4(S)-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one 137567-95-4 C8H10O2
    1(R),5(S),4(S)-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one
    —— 4-Methyl-7-propan-2-ylideneoxepan-2-one 70912-93-5 C10H16O2
    4-Methyl-7-propan-2-ylideneoxepan-2-one
    —— (5,6 syn)-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 82336-00-3 C9H16O2
    (5,6 syn)-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— tetrahydro-6-(3-iodopropyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one 138145-94-5 C14H17IO2
    tetrahydro-6-(3-iodopropyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-butyl-tetrahydro-6-(3-iodopropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 138145-95-6 C12H21IO2
    6-butyl-tetrahydro-6-(3-iodopropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— tetrahydro-6-(3-iodopropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 98560-11-3 C8H13IO2
    tetrahydro-6-(3-iodopropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 4-(8Z)-8-heptadecen-1-ylidene-3-(7Z)-7-hexadecen-1-yl- 56000-16-9 C36H64O2
    2-Oxetanone, 4-(8Z)-8-heptadecen-1-ylidene-3-(7Z)-7-hexadecen-1-yl-
    —— γ-Methyl-γ-(hex-3t-enyl)-butyrolacton 14252-84-7 C11H18O2
    γ-Methyl-γ-(hex-3t-enyl)-butyrolacton
    —— Einecs 267-344-3 67845-95-8 C34H64O2
    Einecs 267-344-3