内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (R)-3-((S)-2-oxocyclohexyl)-5,5-diphenylmorpholin-2-one | 1114967-79-1 | C22H23NO3 |
| —— | 6-hex-1-ynyl-6-methyloxan-2-one | 473611-30-2 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 3,3-Diethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 132835-48-4 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 5,8-Dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,5a,6,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-indeno[4,5-b]furan-5-carbaldehyde | 59621-26-0 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 6-Phenyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 65652-11-1 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | (R)-β-amino-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone hydrochloride | 117752-92-8 | C5H7NO2*ClH |
| —— | (1S,3R,7S,8R)-6-acetyl-4,9-dioxa-5-azatricyclo<6.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>>undec-5-en-10-one | 109586-30-3 | C10H11NO4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-9-oxybicyclo<4.3.0>non-2-en-8-one | 138034-56-7 | C15H26O4Si |
| —— | 5-benzyl-5-methyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1607455-24-2 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-thiophen-3-yloxolan-2-one | 524937-63-1 | C10H12O2S |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6S,6aS)-4-[6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-hexyl]-6-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 894351-72-5 | C29H39IO3Si |
| —— | 1-Acetyl-10-hydroxy-10-methyl-7-methylsulfanyl-8,9-diphenyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione | 88964-76-5 | C25H22O5S |
| —— | 1132970-06-9 | C27H35NO5Si | |
| —— | 3-Benzenesulfinyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 53138-53-7 | C15H18O3S |
| —— | (3aS,4R,7aR)-hexahydro-7a-hydroxy-3a,4-dimethylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1134565-61-9 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (R)-5-butyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one | 1072956-29-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (2aS,2bS,5aS,6S,6aS)-6-Hydroxymethyl-octahydro-3-oxa-cyclobuta[a]pentalen-4-one | 41031-00-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (S)-1,5-Dimethyl-4-methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 68849-40-1 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 4-Benzyl-3-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 131228-31-4 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (3E)-3-iodomethylene-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one | 150270-69-2 | C10H13IO2 |
| —— | 2-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>non-7-en-3-one | 142607-98-5 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (E)-4-acetoxy-3-ethylidene-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one | 120584-76-1 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (S)-3-[2,2-Diethoxy-eth-(E)-ylidene]-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 639071-49-1 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | Acetylmicordilin | 61701-93-7 | C19H22O8 |
| —— | 1404069-82-4 | C13H20O2Si | |
| —— | (+/-)-1,6<i>exo</i>-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5<i>endo</i>-carboxylic acid | 103440-23-9 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (+)-(3aR,4aS,7S,8aR,9R)-7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-dodecahydro-8a-methyl-5-methylenenaphtho<2,3-b>furan-2-one | 89949-96-2 | C20H34O3Si |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>, 5R<sup>*</sup>, 6R<sup>*</sup>, 1'R<sup>*</sup>)-tetrahydro-6-(1-iodoethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 67279-78-1 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | (R)-3,3-Dichloro-5-chloromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53558-91-1 | C5H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-3,5-di-methyl-3-methoxy-4-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl>oxy>tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 130192-74-4 | C23H30O4Si |
| —— | [(1S,4R,5S,6S,9S,10R,13S)-6-acetyloxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-14-oxo-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-5-yl]methyl acetate | 77494-92-9 | C23H34O6 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-<3-methyl-butyl>-5-heptyl-tetrahydrofuran | 40599-22-2 | C16H30O2 |
| —— | N-carbamoyl-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide | 116744-64-0 | C7H10N2O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5S,6S,αS)-2-[N-(α-methylbenzyl)amino]-5-hydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-8-one | 1528697-78-0 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | α-mercaptomethyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 98162-83-5 | C11H12O2S |
| —— | (+/-)-scyllo-δ-Quinide | 135558-81-5 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | 6-methyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione | 133286-43-8 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-5-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1203447-49-7 | C17H30O2Si |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-3,3-Dimethyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 102302-84-1 | C15H19NO3 |
| —— | [(1S,2R,3S,4S,8S,10R)-3,4-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxo-7,11-dioxa-6-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodecan-10-yl]methyl acetate | 653575-66-7 | C20H33NO7 |
| —— | 1,2-bis-(4-oxo-oxetan-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethane | 108616-10-0 | C10H14O4S2 |
| —— | 3-carboxy-4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)butanolide | 114564-51-1 | C12H9F3O4 |
| —— | 3,7-dioxa-2-methylbicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,8-dione | 74106-36-8 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | (2S,4R)-2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyl-γ-butyrolactone | 161596-45-8 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | 6,7-Diethylideneoctahydro-5,8-methano-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 266692-55-1 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (4SR,6SR)-4-methyl-6-(prop-2'-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 57058-20-5 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | ethyl 4-(3-chloroprop-1-ynyl)-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate. | 1042163-17-6 | C11H13ClO4 |
| —— | Diffusible extracellular factor | 1228187-24-3 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-4ξ,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2<i>endo</i>-carboxylic acid | 103440-24-0 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dideoxy-D-ribo-heptono-lactone | 131530-76-2 | C7H12O5 |
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