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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycycloheptyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone (Trans-Isomer) 86312-08-5 C11H16O2
    2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycycloheptyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone (Trans-Isomer)
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-5-[(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-pent-4-enyl]-4-(dimethyl-phenyl-silanyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 1026057-26-0 C24H40O3Si2
    (3S,4R,5S)-5-[(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-pent-4-enyl]-4-(dimethyl-phenyl-silanyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-[(1S,5S,6R)-2-oxo-1-propyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl]carbamate 1431611-21-0 C19H31NO6
    tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-[(1S,5S,6R)-2-oxo-1-propyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl]carbamate
    —— tert-butyl ((1S,5S,6R)-2-oxo-1-propyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate 1431611-27-6 C14H23NO4
    tert-butyl ((1S,5S,6R)-2-oxo-1-propyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate
    —— (2R,4S,5R,6S,8S,10E,12R)-12-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethyl-4,6-dimethoxy-2,8,10-trimethyl-10,14-pentadecadien-5-olide 135840-30-1 C27H50O5Si
    (2R,4S,5R,6S,8S,10E,12R)-12-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethyl-4,6-dimethoxy-2,8,10-trimethyl-10,14-pentadecadien-5-olide
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 221129-05-1 C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— N-(4-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)acetamide 1426254-37-6 C9H12ClNO3
    N-(4-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)acetamide
    —— (+/-)-3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one 109106-90-3 C7H12O2
    (+/-)-3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S,4R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-3-methyl-2-methoxybutyrolactone 197777-40-5 C13H26O4Si
    (2R,3S,4R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-3-methyl-2-methoxybutyrolactone
    —— 2-chloro-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 76617-39-5 C10H9ClO2
    2-chloro-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(3-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-74-3 C21H41NO4S
    (3R,4R)-4-(3-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(3-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-67-4 C21H41NO4S
    (3S,4S)-4-(3-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-65-2 C20H39NO4S
    (3S,4S)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(4-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-76-5 C22H43NO4S
    (3R,4R)-4-(4-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(4-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide 1351669-82-3 C23H46NO4S*I
    (3S,4S)-4-(4-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)butyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(3-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide 1351669-80-1 C22H44NO4S*I
    (3S,4S)-4-(3-(3-trimethylamoniopropylsulfonyl)propyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one iodide
    —— (3R,4R)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one 1351669-72-1 C20H39NO4S
    (3R,4R)-4-(2-(3-dimethylaminopropylsulfonyl)ethyl)-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— palmostatin M 1351669-68-5 C22H43NO4S
    palmostatin M
    —— 5-Allyloxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 54550-85-5 C10H16O3
    5-Allyloxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-Ethyl-propiolacton-(1.3) 25400-45-7 C5H8O2
    2-Ethyl-propiolacton-(1.3)
    —— 2,3-di-O-methoxymethyl-L-galactono-γ-lactone 294204-10-7 C10H18O8
    2,3-di-O-methoxymethyl-L-galactono-γ-lactone
    —— ((2S,3R,4S)-3-Methoxy-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 890122-81-3 C13H23NO5
    ((2S,3R,4S)-3-Methoxy-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-20-5 C12H13BrO2
    (3R,5S)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (rac)-4-benzyl-2-oxaspiro[4.9]tetradecane-1,10-dione 1383572-04-0 C20H26O3
    (rac)-4-benzyl-2-oxaspiro[4.9]tetradecane-1,10-dione
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 145024-94-8 C11H22O4Si
    (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R*,6S*)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one 128720-73-0 C12H14O3
    (4R*,6S*)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one
    —— (1'R,3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-(1'-methylbut-3'-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 335163-22-9 C9H14O3
    (1'R,3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-(1'-methylbut-3'-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1300699-02-8 C11H10BrFO2
    (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1300698-99-0 C11H10BrClO2
    (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— allyl ((3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)carbamate 192760-09-1 C10H15NO5
    allyl ((3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)carbamate
    —— 4(R),5(S)-dihydroxy-4,6(S)-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 67470-68-2 C7H12O4
    4(R),5(S)-dihydroxy-4,6(S)-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide 67693-94-1 C9H12O2
    2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide
    —— 3-ethylidene-5-propenylbutyrolactone 142697-04-9 C9H12O2
    3-ethylidene-5-propenylbutyrolactone
    —— 4,4',5,5'-Tetrahydro-3H,3'H-5,5'-(1,4-butandiyl)bis<furan-2-on> 3860-25-1 C12H18O4
    4,4',5,5'-Tetrahydro-3H,3'H-5,5'-(1,4-butandiyl)bis<furan-2-on>
    —— 3,4-dibromo-4,5-dihydro-4-methylfuran-2(3H)-one 565434-16-4 C5H6Br2O2
    3,4-dibromo-4,5-dihydro-4-methylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— terrestic acid 67381-72-0 C11H14O4
    terrestic acid
    —— 4-methylene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 90171-30-5 C8H10O2
    4-methylene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 1-oxo-6a-methyl-1,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan 86747-63-9 C8H10O2
    1-oxo-6a-methyl-1,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-6-methyl-6-(3-(1H-1-pyrrolyl)propyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 622837-19-8 C13H17NO2
    (1S,5R,6R)-6-methyl-6-(3-(1H-1-pyrrolyl)propyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-allyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 374680-93-0 C13H24O3Si
    (3S,4R)-3-allyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-allyl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one 374680-92-9 C7H10O3
    (3S,4R)-3-allyl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenylhexansaeure-lacton 19406-01-0 C13H16O2
    5-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenylhexansaeure-lacton
    —— (R)-10-vinyloxecan-2-one 1026661-22-2 C11H18O2
    (R)-10-vinyloxecan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-((R)-1-amino-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1309649-83-9 C12H25NO3Si
    (S)-5-((R)-1-amino-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,7-dideoxy-D-gluco-heptono-1,4-lactone 116498-80-7 C7H12O5
    3,7-dideoxy-D-gluco-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 76974-80-6 C13H12O5
    (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 20,29,30-Trinor-3beta-hydroxy-28,19beta-lupanolide 122689-50-3 C27H42O3
    20,29,30-Trinor-3beta-hydroxy-28,19beta-lupanolide
    —— 2H-Cyclopenta(b)furan-2-one, 3-((((2S)-2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-furanyl)oxy)methylene)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-, (3E,3aS,6aS)- 77035-56-4 C13H12O5
    2H-Cyclopenta(b)furan-2-one, 3-((((2S)-2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-furanyl)oxy)methylene)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-, (3E,3aS,6aS)-
    —— 3-ethylidene-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 107031-67-4 C10H14O2
    3-ethylidene-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— carolic acid 67424-56-0 C9H10O4
    carolic acid