内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1195973-95-5 | C40H60F3NO6Si | |
| —— | 3-(1-Hydroxy-hexadecyl)-5-iodomethyl-3-methanesulfinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 84845-69-2 | C22H41IO4S |
| —— | 4-Isobutylsulfanylmethyl-oxetan-2-one | 72749-30-5 | C8H14O2S |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Cyano-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 69247-09-2 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | 4-Ethyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 131469-86-8 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 3-azido-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2,3-dideoxy-D-altronolactone | 833460-37-0 | C22H27N3O4Si |
| —— | (1S,3S,4S,5R)-3-Bromo-1-methyl-4-trimethylsilanyloxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 73240-75-2 | C11H19BrO3Si |
| —— | 2,3a-dimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-6,6a-dihydro-3a<i>H</i>-furo[3,2-<i>d</i>]oxazol-5-one | 54819-31-7 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | (1R,3S,3a'S,4'S,7a'S)-3-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl]-4'-iodo-7a'-methyl-5-methylene-2,3'-dioxaspiro[cyclopentane-1,1'-hexahydroindan]-2'-one | 1582752-97-3 | C30H37IO4Si |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-6-Isopropenyl-3a,6a-dimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 108287-26-9 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl (S)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate | 444694-78-4 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7R)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl[1-13C]nonan-5-olide | 1132662-31-7 | C12H22O5 |
| —— | 6-Oxa-2-azaspiro[3.4]octan-5-onehydrochloride | 2792201-23-9 | C6H10ClNO2 |
| —— | α-Phenyl-γ-trifluoromethyltetronic acid | 108221-66-5 | C11H7F3O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-trans-3-propyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one | 1057557-94-4 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | d7-(+/-)-γ-nonalactone | 1104979-30-7 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,7S)-7-[1-((R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-4-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 83615-40-1 | C15H26O4 |
| —— | (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-pentyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 350671-06-6 | C16H32O3Si |
| —— | (1R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-4-Hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 111917-75-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 2-[(3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-iodo-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]acetic acid | 81355-36-4 | C9H11IO4 |
| —— | 1S-cis-3-(2-p-chlorophenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid-δ-lactone | 103781-65-3 | C14H15ClO2 |
| —— | 2-methylenecyclohexanespiro-4'-oxetan-2'-one | 77192-34-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 3,11-Dimethylene-1,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-2,10-dione | 65461-22-5 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 6,6-diethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl acetate | 1193397-45-3 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (5R<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>,7R<sup>*</sup>)-6,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-1-one | 114351-85-8 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl ((S)-((R)-3-((R)-methylsulfinyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)carbamate | 1434395-98-8 | C17H23NO5S |
| —— | 3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α,6α-dimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1β,2α-dicarboxylic acid γ-lactone | 77044-51-0 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | 4-Oxatricyclo<5.4.0.0<sup>2.6</sup>>undecan-3-on | 59664-79-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 2R-hydroxy-1S-[4R-(2-methylpropyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2S-yl]propylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 1108136-27-1 | C16H29NO5 |
| —— | α-(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)allyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1221896-14-5 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5S,6R,6aR)-4-Dimethoxymethyl-5-hydroxy-6-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 53276-19-0 | C10H15IO5 |
| —— | 64631-09-0 | C8H6Cl2O3 | |
| —— | (3S)-3-[(2R)-1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1532540-43-4 | C8H11F3O2 |
| —— | (4α,4aβ,7aβ)-1-Chlor-1,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydro-3-oxo-4-phenylcyclopenta<c>pyran-1-carbonsaeure-methylester | 140633-68-7 | C16H15ClO4 |
| —— | 2-Oxa-3-oxoquadricyclo<4.4.0.0<sup>4,10</sup>.0<sup>5,7</sup>>dec-8-en | 59995-33-4 | C9H8O2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-4,5-dimethyl-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3,6-dione | 77871-35-3 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | (6S)-6-tert-butyloxan-2-one | 159454-49-6 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethane-1-sulfonyl chloride | 1909312-89-5 | C6H9ClO4S |
| —— | (+/-)-pilopic acid | 487-72-9 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3R,5SR)-5-(azidomethyl)-3-isobutyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1085965-93-0 | C9H15N3O2 |
| —— | (R)-5-(1’-iodo-1’-(E)-octenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1431292-54-4 | C12H19IO2 |
| —— | 86534-71-6 | C14H18O4 | |
| —— | (1R,9S,10R,11S)-10,11-diphenyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[7.2.0]undecane-2,8-dione | 87554-60-7 | C21H20O4 |
| —— | 6-azido-6-deoxy-L-idono-1,4-lactone | 120139-07-3 | C6H9N3O5 |
| —— | 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(trans-3-methyl-1-butenyl)oxolan-2-one | 79930-22-6 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 2-(5-amyloxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furyl)acetic acid | 910577-42-3 | C12H20O5 |
| —— | 7-Hydroxy-6-<3-(bicyclo<2.2.0>hept-2-en-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl>-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-on | 71158-93-5 | C17H22O4 |
| —— | 2(R),6(R)-2,6-di-isobutyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxan-4-one | 189351-44-8 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one | 1122-21-0 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 59873-43-7 | C12H18O2 |
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