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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[4-(2,3-Dihydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexyl)butan-2-ylidene]-5-(furan-3-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H26O6
    3-[4-(2,3-Dihydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexyl)butan-2-ylidene]-5-(furan-3-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,9,9-Trimethyl-8-(3-oxobutyl)oxonane-2,6-dione —— C15H24O4
    5,9,9-Trimethyl-8-(3-oxobutyl)oxonane-2,6-dione
    —— 5,9-Dimethyl-14-methylidene-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid —— C20H28O4
    5,9-Dimethyl-14-methylidene-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 7-Ethenyl-1,7-dimethyl-2-prop-1-en-2-yl-10-oxatricyclo[7.4.1.05,14]tetradec-5-en-11-one —— C20H28O2
    7-Ethenyl-1,7-dimethyl-2-prop-1-en-2-yl-10-oxatricyclo[7.4.1.05,14]tetradec-5-en-11-one
    —— 15-Hydroxy-6-methyl-11-methylidene-2,9,14-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,3.08,12]hexadec-6-en-10-one —— C15H18O5
    15-Hydroxy-6-methyl-11-methylidene-2,9,14-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,3.08,12]hexadec-6-en-10-one
    —— Methyl 8-[2-(furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-2,8-dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-3-ene-3-carboxylate —— C21H26O6
    Methyl 8-[2-(furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-2,8-dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-3-ene-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C25H44O3
    4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,6,6a-trimethyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H14O2
    3,6,6a-trimethyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-10-methyl-undecansaeure-lacton 26346-34-9 C12H22O2
    4-Hydroxy-10-methyl-undecansaeure-lacton
    —— 5-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H19ClO5
    5-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [6-[5-Acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-2-(2-acetyloxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate —— C44H58O19
    [6-[5-Acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-2-(2-acetyloxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate
    —— PravastatinLactone-d3 81131-71-7 C23H34O6
    PravastatinLactone-d3
    —— 9-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O5
    9-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 3,7-Dimethyl-11-methylidene-2,13-dioxatricyclo[8.3.1.01,7]tetradeca-3,5-dien-12-one —— C15H18O3
    3,7-Dimethyl-11-methylidene-2,13-dioxatricyclo[8.3.1.01,7]tetradeca-3,5-dien-12-one
    —— 16-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),4-dien-6-one —— C30H42O5
    16-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),4-dien-6-one
    —— 6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethylspiro[3a,4,5,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-7,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione —— C15H22O6
    6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethylspiro[3a,4,5,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-7,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 7-Methyl-6-methylidene-1,5,5a,7,8,9,9a,10a-octahydrofuro[3,4-b][1]benzoxepin-3-one —— C14H18O3
    7-Methyl-6-methylidene-1,5,5a,7,8,9,9a,10a-octahydrofuro[3,4-b][1]benzoxepin-3-one
    —— Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-nonyl-2h-pyran-2-one —— C14H26O3
    Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-nonyl-2h-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-methoxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C8H11O6P
    3-methoxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 8a-Ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylideneoctahydro-2h-furo[3,2-g]isochromene-2,6(3h)-dione 59598-30-0 C15H16O5
    8a-Ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylideneoctahydro-2h-furo[3,2-g]isochromene-2,6(3h)-dione
    —— 5,5,9-Trimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo[5.5.1.01,6.04,13]tridec-9-ene-2,8-dione —— C15H18O3
    5,5,9-Trimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo[5.5.1.01,6.04,13]tridec-9-ene-2,8-dione
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— 5,9,13-Trimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid —— C20H30O4
    5,9,13-Trimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-Methylidene-5-[2-methyl-3-[2-methyl-3-[4-methylidene-5-oxo-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]oxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl]-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C30H34O9
    3-Methylidene-5-[2-methyl-3-[2-methyl-3-[4-methylidene-5-oxo-3-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]oxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl]-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O6
    3,4-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (±)-5-benzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 21175-42-8 C11H12O2
    (±)-5-benzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 7-[8-(5-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C26H34O5
    7-[8-(5-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 2-methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-butanoic acid-1,4-lactone 18465-71-9 C5H8O4
    2-methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-butanoic acid-1,4-lactone
    —— 5-But-1-enyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    5-But-1-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[5-(Furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C21H26O4
    5-[5-(Furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-enyl]-3-[3-(furan-3-yl)propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— γ-eicosalactone 14936-72-2 C20H38O2
    γ-eicosalactone
    —— 7-(Furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-2,4(8),9,13-tetraene-5,15-dione —— C20H16O6
    7-(Furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-2,4(8),9,13-tetraene-5,15-dione
    —— 3-(16-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O7P
    3-(16-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— [2-(8-Methyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)-6-oxooxan-3-yl] acetate —— C16H20O5
    [2-(8-Methyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)-6-oxooxan-3-yl] acetate
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3-methylidenespiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione —— C20H22O5
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3-methylidenespiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione
    —— 3-[3,7-dihydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methylhex-2-enoyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octahydro-1H-indene-5-carbonyl]-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C27H42O8
    3-[3,7-dihydroxy-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methylhex-2-enoyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octahydro-1H-indene-5-carbonyl]-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [1-(Furan-3-yl)-2-[10-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-9-yl]ethyl] acetate —— C22H28O6
    [1-(Furan-3-yl)-2-[10-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-9-yl]ethyl] acetate
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-methylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H18O4
    4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-methylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 1-(β-bromo-phenethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-norbornan-3-one 1005076-53-8 C17H21BrO2
    1-(β-bromo-phenethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-norbornan-3-one
    —— (5,9,13-Trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[11.3.2.03,5]octadec-8-en-12-yl) acetate —— C22H32O5
    (5,9,13-Trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[11.3.2.03,5]octadec-8-en-12-yl) acetate
    —— 5-(2-Methylpropyl)tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid —— C9H14O4
    5-(2-Methylpropyl)tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid
    —— (5,8-Dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) acetate —— C17H22O4
    (5,8-Dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) acetate
    —— Pent-4-yn-2-yl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    Pent-4-yn-2-yl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O2
    3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 7,12-Dimethyl-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadecane-11,16-dione —— C15H18O6
    7,12-Dimethyl-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadecane-11,16-dione
    —— nephrosterinic acid 570-13-8 C17H28O4
    nephrosterinic acid
    —— 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O4
    3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (8-Formyl-9-hydroxy-12-methylidene-13-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-en-10-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C18H20O7
    (8-Formyl-9-hydroxy-12-methylidene-13-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-en-10-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 5-Buta-1,3-dienyl-3-(3-hydroxybutanoyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H18O4
    5-Buta-1,3-dienyl-3-(3-hydroxybutanoyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one