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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aS,5aR,9aS)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (3aS,5aR,9aS)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,7R,8S)-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.04,8]dodeca-2,9,11-trien-6-one —— C11H10O2
    (1R,4S,7R,8S)-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.04,8]dodeca-2,9,11-trien-6-one
    —— (3aR,5aR,9aR)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (3aR,5aR,9aR)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,5aR,9aR)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (3aS,5aR,9aR)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one
    —— [(1R,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1R,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethenylamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethenylamino]thiourea
    —— (5R)-5-[(E)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5R)-5-[(E)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide —— C14H20N4O3S2
    2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide
    —— [[(Z)-4-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]but-2-en-2-yl]amino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [[(Z)-4-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]but-2-en-2-yl]amino]thiourea
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(4S,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C18H24O3
    (3S,5R)-5-[(4S,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5S,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5S,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-benzyl-3-hex-5-enoyloxolan-2-one —— C17H20O3
    (3R,4R)-4-benzyl-3-hex-5-enoyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-benzyl-3-hex-5-enoyloxolan-2-one —— C17H20O3
    (3S,4R)-4-benzyl-3-hex-5-enoyloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S,7R,10R)-5,12-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.2.04,13.010,14]tetradeca-2,8-diene-6,11-dione —— C12H10O4
    (1R,4S,7R,10R)-5,12-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.2.04,13.010,14]tetradeca-2,8-diene-6,11-dione
    —— (3S,4R)-4-(2-chloroprop-2-enyl)-3-[(E,1R)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H15ClO3
    (3S,4R)-4-(2-chloroprop-2-enyl)-3-[(E,1R)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (1R,4S,5S,6R,9S,10S,11R)-3-oxo-2-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    methyl (1R,4S,5S,6R,9S,10S,11R)-3-oxo-2-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6S,9R,10R,11R)-3-oxo-2-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylic acid —— C12H12O4
    (1R,4R,5S,6S,9R,10R,11R)-3-oxo-2-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20FNO3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-3-bromo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H4BrF3O3
    (3S)-3-bromo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H6F2O3
    (3R)-3-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6R,6aR)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3aR,6R,6aR)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (6R)-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (6R)-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— methyl (3S)-2-oxooxepane-3-carboxylate —— C8H12O4
    methyl (3S)-2-oxooxepane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3R)-2-oxooxepane-3-carboxylate —— C8H12O4
    methyl (3R)-2-oxooxepane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO4
    (1S,4R)-N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-[(1,3-diethyl-2-sulfido-1,3,2-diazaphospholidin-2-yl)oxy]-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H23N2O3PS
    3-[(1,3-diethyl-2-sulfido-1,3,2-diazaphospholidin-2-yl)oxy]-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-[1-[Bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H23NO3Si2
    3-[1-[Bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— Propan-2-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    Propan-2-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 1,8,8-Trimethyl-5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C15H21NO5
    1,8,8-Trimethyl-5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-Oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undec-8-en-4-one —— C10H12O2
    3-Oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undec-8-en-4-one
    —— (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) adamantane-1-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) adamantane-1-carboxylate
    —— 15-(4-Ethyl-2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylhexyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-9-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecan-8-one —— C28H48O6
    15-(4-Ethyl-2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylhexyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-9-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.012,16]octadecan-8-one
    —— 13-(4-Bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.5.3]pentadecane-6,15-dione —— C20H23BrO3
    13-(4-Bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.5.3]pentadecane-6,15-dione
    —— 1-Bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate —— C6H4BrO4-
    1-Bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 27927-72-6 C10H18O3
    5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-Butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolid 25093-80-5 C9H16O3
    2-Butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolid
    —— 3-[1-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C9H8N2O3S
    3-[1-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C17H21NO3
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— Methyl 3-oxo-5-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-carboxylate —— C15H16O4
    Methyl 3-oxo-5-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-carboxylate
    —— 3-[1-(methylamino)ethylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H13NO3
    3-[1-(methylamino)ethylidene]-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [1-(5-Methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H19N3O3S
    [1-(5-Methyl-2-oxo-3-propanoyloxolan-3-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-7,10-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C17H27NO2
    3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-7,10-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-diethylthiocarbamoylmercapto-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C9H15NO2S2
    3-diethylthiocarbamoylmercapto-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C20H29NO4
    N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— 3-[1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO5
    3-[1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-3-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C13H16O3
    5-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-3-phenyloxolan-2-one