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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R)-5-butyloxepan-2-one 151357-06-1 C10H18O2
    (5R)-5-butyloxepan-2-one
    —— (+)-(3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'(E)-hexadienyl>-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 116097-22-4 C27H34O3Si
    (+)-(3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'(E)-hexadienyl>-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+)-(3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'(E)-hexadienyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 102298-98-6 C11H16O3
    (+)-(3S,5S)-3-<2'(E),4'(E)-hexadienyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— dihydro-3,4,4-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone 1679-56-7 C7H12O2
    dihydro-3,4,4-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 61892-55-5 C6H10O3
    5-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3,5-dihydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-1H-cyclohepta[c]furan-8-yl pivalate 1365554-88-6 C15H18O5
    3,5-dihydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-1H-cyclohepta[c]furan-8-yl pivalate
    —— 9-(R,S)-pentyloxonan-2-one 126908-86-9 C13H24O2
    9-(R,S)-pentyloxonan-2-one
    —— α-methyl-α-((1-tert-butoxy-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropyl)oxy)-β-propiolactone 67872-66-6 C12H20O5
    α-methyl-α-((1-tert-butoxy-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropyl)oxy)-β-propiolactone
    —— 3-thiabicyclo (3.2.0)heptane-6,7-dicarboxylic anhydride 3,3-dioxide 33974-24-2 C8H8O5S
    3-thiabicyclo (3.2.0)heptane-6,7-dicarboxylic anhydride 3,3-dioxide
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-methyl-2-methylene-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbaldehyde 851791-20-3 C16H26O4Si
    (1R,3R,5S,8S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-methyl-2-methylene-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbaldehyde
    —— (1S,3R,5S,8R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-hydroxymethyl-8-methyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 851791-21-4 C16H28O4Si
    (1S,3R,5S,8R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-hydroxymethyl-8-methyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1S,5S)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 868048-03-7 C9H12O3
    (1S,5S)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1R,5S)-(+)-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 358339-06-7 C10H14O2
    (1R,5S)-(+)-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6S,8R)-8-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4,6-carbolactone 851791-23-6 C16H28O5Si
    (3S,4S,5R,6S,8R)-8-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4,6-carbolactone
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-methyl-2-methylene-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 851791-19-0 C17H28O3Si
    (1R,3R,5S,8S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-methyl-2-methylene-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1R,5S,8S)-8-methyl-2-methylene-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 1039740-17-4 C11H14O2
    (1R,5S,8S)-8-methyl-2-methylene-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 1,5-Dioxa-spiro[2.5]octan-4-one 98011-11-1 C6H8O3
    1,5-Dioxa-spiro[2.5]octan-4-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,3aS,5R,7aR)-1,6,6-trimethyl-octahydro-inden-5-yl ester 1026434-68-3 C22H34O4
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,3aS,5R,7aR)-1,6,6-trimethyl-octahydro-inden-5-yl ester
    —— (1R,6R)-2,2-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-7-aza-3-oxabicyclo-[4.2.0]octane 86541-16-4 C8H11NO3
    (1R,6R)-2,2-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-7-aza-3-oxabicyclo-[4.2.0]octane
    —— (R)-4-Aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 116261-03-1 C5H9NO2
    (R)-4-Aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexane-1,5-carbolactone 862791-12-6 C19H36O5Si2
    (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexane-1,5-carbolactone
    —— 5-sec-Butyl-4-ethyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 116340-03-5 C11H18O3
    5-sec-Butyl-4-ethyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-<β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>-3-vinyloxacyclohexan-2-one 219726-52-0 C12H22O4Si
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-<β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>-3-vinyloxacyclohexan-2-one
    —— 4,4-Diethyl-5-(1-ethyl-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 96909-83-0 C13H22O3
    4,4-Diethyl-5-(1-ethyl-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,4S)-5-keto-4-<β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>-3-vinyloxacyclohexan-2-one 219726-37-1 C12H20O4Si
    (3S,4S)-5-keto-4-<β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>-3-vinyloxacyclohexan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-cycloheptan-carbonsaeurelacton 17606-91-6 C9H14O2
    4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-cycloheptan-carbonsaeurelacton
    —— (1R,5S)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one 864914-92-1 C8H12O2
    (1R,5S)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one
    —— 6-oxononano-9-lactone 13030-92-7 C9H14O3
    6-oxononano-9-lactone
    —— (-)-tert-butyl (1R,4aR,7aR)-1-(furan-2-yl)-3-oxooctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4a-ylcarbamate 935529-50-3 C17H23NO5
    (-)-tert-butyl (1R,4aR,7aR)-1-(furan-2-yl)-3-oxooctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4a-ylcarbamate
    —— 5-<(E)-2-pentenyl>-5-pentanolide 25524-96-3 C10H16O2
    5-<(E)-2-pentenyl>-5-pentanolide
    —— tert-butyl N-[(2R,3R,4R)-3-cyclohexyl-2-(furan-2-yl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]carbamate 935529-42-3 C20H29NO5
    tert-butyl N-[(2R,3R,4R)-3-cyclohexyl-2-(furan-2-yl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]carbamate
    —— (1'R,3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-(1'-bromopropyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 331821-51-3 C14H17BrO2
    (1'R,3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-(1'-bromopropyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propyl)-2-propiolactone 949029-06-5 C7H5F7O2
    4-(2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propyl)-2-propiolactone
    —— 4-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone 16466-27-6 C10H16O2
    4-methyl-5-cyclohexyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone
    —— cis-4-methyl-2-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H12O2
    cis-4-methyl-2-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— trans-4-methyl-2-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H12O2
    trans-4-methyl-2-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-2-methylglutaric anhydride 118139-23-4 C6H8O3
    (S)-2-methylglutaric anhydride
    —— 6-[(E)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl(oxazol-4-yl))vinyl](5S,3R,4R,6R)-3,5-dimethyl-4-(triphenylsilyloxy)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 310883-81-9 C32H33NO4Si
    6-[(E)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl(oxazol-4-yl))vinyl](5S,3R,4R,6R)-3,5-dimethyl-4-(triphenylsilyloxy)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-methyl-4-((2R,4R,6R)-4,6,8-trimethylnonan-2-yl)oxetan-2-one 1192619-97-8 C16H30O2
    (3S,4S)-3-methyl-4-((2R,4R,6R)-4,6,8-trimethylnonan-2-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4-(acetyloxy)dihydro-3-methylene-5-(1-methylethyl)- 76299-62-2 C10H14O4
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4-(acetyloxy)dihydro-3-methylene-5-(1-methylethyl)-
    —— (2R,3S)-(+)-2-undecyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 626201-54-5 C16H28O4
    (2R,3S)-(+)-2-undecyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4R,5R)-5-undecyl-4-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1219612-93-7 C17H30O2
    (4R,5R)-5-undecyl-4-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-tridecyl-4-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1277167-03-9 C19H34O2
    (4R,5R)-5-tridecyl-4-vinyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+)-vittatalactone 845639-46-5 C16H30O2
    (+)-vittatalactone
    —— (+)-nephrosteranic acid 70579-56-5 C17H30O4
    (+)-nephrosteranic acid
    —— S-methyl O-(S)-1-[(2S,3R)-5-oxo-3-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]tridecyl carbonodithioate 1277167-02-8 C21H36O3S2
    S-methyl O-(S)-1-[(2S,3R)-5-oxo-3-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]tridecyl carbonodithioate
    —— (2R,3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 19464-85-8 C19H34O4
    (2R,3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-[1-butyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)pentyl]tetrahydropyran-2-one 1626437-19-1 C17H34O3Si
    3-[1-butyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)pentyl]tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— S-methyl O-(S)-1-[(2S,3R)-5-oxo-3-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]undecyl carbonodithioate 1277166-95-6 C19H32O3S2
    S-methyl O-(S)-1-[(2S,3R)-5-oxo-3-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]undecyl carbonodithioate
    —— 5-oxooxolan-3-yl methanesulfonate 1621103-99-8 C5H8O5S
    5-oxooxolan-3-yl methanesulfonate