内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (2aα,2bα,5aα,5bα)-2,2a,2b,5,5a,5b-Hexahydro-2-oxo-2a-phenylcyclopenta<1,2>cyclobuta<3,4-b>oxet-5b-carbonsaeure-methylester | 140695-40-5 | C16H14O4 |
| —— | (E)-6-(4-chlorobut-2-en-1-yl)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1267665-13-3 | C10H15ClO2 |
| —— | α-Dimethylaminomethyl-δ-valerolacton | 56783-31-4 | C8H15NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-9ξ-Brom-8c-hydroxy-4-oxo-(1rC<sup>8</sup>)-bicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-dicarbonsaeure-(6c,7c)-methylester-(6)-lacton-(7,8) | 100118-98-7 | C12H13BrO5 |
| —— | Xeniolide-B 9-Acetate | 74175-97-6 | C22H30O5 |
| —— | 5-methyl (S)-3-oximino-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-carboxylate | 239125-35-0 | C6H7NO5 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-5-[(1R,2E)-3-cyclopentyl-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 958075-67-7 | C13H20O5 |
| —— | 141397-04-8 | C34H42O6 | |
| —— | 5-methyl (S)-3-dimethylaminomethylene-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-5-carboxylate | 219813-99-7 | C9H13NO4 |
| —— | (2RS, 5SR)-2,5-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nona-1(6),3-dien-7-one | 86739-67-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | rac-1-((3aR,4R,5S,6aS)-5-hydroxy-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)-N-methylenemethanaminium chloride | 75283-77-1 | C9H14NO3*Cl |
| —— | (5S,6R,9S)-6-methyl-9-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,4-dione | 1262789-46-7 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 13-oxa-dispiro[5.0.5.2]tetradecan-14-one | 51175-27-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | tetraoxispirophosphorane | 35375-90-7 | C8H13O6P |
| —— | 158199-31-6 | C9H11BrO2 | |
| —— | bi(5,5-bis(acetoxymethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl) | 86527-90-4 | C22H32N2O12 |
| —— | α-(1,2-Epoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-cyclopentyl)-isobuttersaeurelacton | 90926-78-6 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 4-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)butan-4-olide | 404576-89-2 | C11H9F3O3 |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-2-isopropyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 57280-77-0 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-carboxy-4,5-methylen-adipinsaeure-δ-Lacton-dimethylester | 104217-14-3 | C11H14O6 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,7aS)-7a-bromo-3-butyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1-one | 124549-66-2 | C12H19BrO2 |
| —— | endo-6-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)-anti-8-(E)-<3-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)oct-1-enyl>-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 64767-22-2 | C27H52O4Si2 |
| —— | (2S,3S,5R)-2-allyl-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)cyclohexanone | 631900-14-6 | C35H54O6Si2 |
| —— | (6R)-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexyl]tetrahydro-2H-2-pyranone | 1073160-40-3 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 89470-35-9 | C19H26O6 | |
| —— | 5-Butylsulfanylmethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 139022-63-2 | C11H18O4S |
| —— | 1402922-05-7 | C12H16O2 | |
| —— | 5-(acetoxyimino)-3-methylene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 75834-39-8 | C7H7NO4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-5-Acetyl-3-isopropenyl-3,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 155224-34-3 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 5-hydroxymethyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 99865-55-1 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 366492-18-4 | C25H42O5Si | |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-methyl-4-<3-oxo-butyl>-tetrahydrofuran-carbonsaeure-(5)-methylester | 99862-13-2 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 2,4-Benzyliden-D-glucuron-dimethylmercaptal | 108884-60-2 | C15H18O5S2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-(3,8-bis((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)octyl)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1352751-75-7 | C33H68O5Si3 |
| —— | 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (2S,3S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-(9-oxononyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1446490-29-4 | C20H36O5Si |
| —— | methyl (1S,4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate | 1030901-12-2 | C8H10O5 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-4-oxo-2-vinylcyclohexyl pivalate | 1416545-98-6 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | 3-butyl-5,5-diphenyl-6,7-dihydrooxepin-2(5H)-one | 1427003-07-3 | C22H24O2 |
| —— | 7-(4-bromophenyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-84-5 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | 6-endo-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one | 43209-31-0 | C13H22O3Si |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5aR,6R,8aS,8bR)-4,6,8a-Trihydroxy-3,3,5a-trimethyl-decahydro-indeno[4,5-c]furan-1-one | 88558-61-6 | C14H22O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5R,6R,7S)-6-ethoxycarbonylamino-3-oxo-2,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl ester | 120262-39-7 | C11H15NO7 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-((S)-1-Bromo-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 204328-23-4 | C22H27BrO4Si |
| —— | α-Acetyl-α,γ-dimethyl-γ-vinyl-γ-butyrolacton | 3154-71-0 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (5R)-5-<(1S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-cyclohexylethyl>-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 133956-93-1 | C19H33NO4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-cis-4-<t-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 121772-45-0 | C12H23IO3Si |
| —— | terebic acid propyl ester | 77666-62-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (4aS,8aR)-(-)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-allyl-2H,5H-thiopyrano<4,3-b>pyran-2-one | 139027-64-8 | C11H16O2S |
| —— | (3bS,6S,10aR)-3b-Hydroxymethyl-6,10a-dimethyl-9-oxo-3b,4,5,5a,6,7,9,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-2,8-dioxa-cyclohepta[a]cyclopenta[f]naphthalene-6-carboxylic acid | 130574-80-0 | C20H26O6 |
| —— | 1-Hydroxy-1,5,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid | 37568-95-9 | C12H16O5 |
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