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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-phenethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 578004-11-2 C13H14O3
    6-phenethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (3S,3aR,4S,6S,9bS)-4-(Acetyloxy)-3a,4,5,6,8,9b-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one 71616-00-7 C17H22O5
    (3S,3aR,4S,6S,9bS)-4-(Acetyloxy)-3a,4,5,6,8,9b-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R,4R,5S,7S,9S,13R,14S)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione 17928-61-9 C15H14O6
    (2R,4R,5S,7S,9S,13R,14S)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione
    —— 5-Methyl-3-pentylideneoxolan-2-one 62527-69-9 C10H16O2
    5-Methyl-3-pentylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-2-((2S,3S,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde —— C6H8O6
    (R)-2-((2S,3S,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
    —— (5S,6R)-6-[(2R)-4-[(4R,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]butan-2-yl]-5-ethyloxane-2,4-dione 1138453-16-3 C34H48O6Si
    (5S,6R)-6-[(2R)-4-[(4R,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]butan-2-yl]-5-ethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R,5S,6R)-5,6-diallyloxy-7-oxy-heptano-1,4-lactone 1147996-12-0 C13H18O5
    (4R,5S,6R)-5,6-diallyloxy-7-oxy-heptano-1,4-lactone
    —— rac-(3-methyl-2-oxo-3-3,4,5-trihydrofuryl)methyl [3-(acetylamino)propyl]sulfonate 1142951-56-1 C11H19NO6S
    rac-(3-methyl-2-oxo-3-3,4,5-trihydrofuryl)methyl [3-(acetylamino)propyl]sulfonate
    —— (1R,5S,7R)-7-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1149764-61-3 C17H22O3
    (1R,5S,7R)-7-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— [(2S,3R,4R,4aS,7R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-yl] (E,4S)-4-triethylsilyloxydec-2-enoate 1161834-27-0 C28H50O7Si
    [(2S,3R,4R,4aS,7R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-yl] (E,4S)-4-triethylsilyloxydec-2-enoate
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;5-isocyanato-5-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene;oxepan-2-one 152187-60-5 C25H34N2O7
    2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;5-isocyanato-5-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene;oxepan-2-one
    —— (3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate;oxepan-2-one 70776-82-8 C16H30O6
    (3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate;oxepan-2-one
    —— [3-Hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate;oxepan-2-one;1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate —— C34H58O16
    [3-Hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate;oxepan-2-one;1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate
    —— 2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diol;5-isocyanato-5-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene;oxepan-2-one 153965-61-8 C26H36N2O6
    2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diol;5-isocyanato-5-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene;oxepan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid;oxepan-2-one 72018-10-1 C11H20O6
    3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid;oxepan-2-one
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyethylsulfanyl)ethanol;oxane-2,6-dione 131907-30-7 C9H16O5S
    2-(2-Hydroxyethylsulfanyl)ethanol;oxane-2,6-dione
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol;5-isocyanato-5-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene;oxepan-2-one 154336-14-8 C27H38N2O7
    3-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol;5-isocyanato-5-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene;oxepan-2-one
    —— N'-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;oxolan-2-one 107175-83-7 C14H37N7O2
    N'-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;oxolan-2-one
    —— Butane-1,3-diol;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one 94031-37-5 C25H42N2O6
    Butane-1,3-diol;1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol;oxepan-2-one 9086-84-4 C12H24O5
    3-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol;oxepan-2-one
    —— 2-[[3-Hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;oxepan-2-one 126850-29-1 C46H82O19
    2-[[3-Hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;oxepan-2-one
    —— (3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha)-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 71116-15-9 C8H12O3
    (3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha)-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— trans-3-Bromodihydro-3,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one 41788-51-6 C6H9BrO2
    trans-3-Bromodihydro-3,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-methyl-2-[(2R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanal 1169782-81-3 C9H14O3
    2-methyl-2-[(2R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanal
    —— [(5R)-5-azido-5-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]pentyl] methanesulfonate 1170222-83-9 C10H17N3O5S
    [(5R)-5-azido-5-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]pentyl] methanesulfonate
    —— (5S)-5-[(1R)-1-azido-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypentyl]oxolan-2-one 1170222-68-0 C15H29N3O3Si
    (5S)-5-[(1R)-1-azido-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypentyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-(3-chloropropylidene)oxetan-2-one 1127249-84-6 C8H10Cl2O2
    (Z)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-(3-chloropropylidene)oxetan-2-one
    —— (Z)-4-(3-chloropropylidene)-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1160714-47-5 C7H9ClO2
    (Z)-4-(3-chloropropylidene)-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-ethylideneoxetan-2-one 1160714-46-4 C7H9ClO2
    (Z)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-ethylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— 3-(hydroxy(4-methylphenyl)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1172591-41-1 C13H16O3
    3-(hydroxy(4-methylphenyl)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (6R)-6-(3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)propyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 1174504-25-6 C16H30O4Si
    (6R)-6-(3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)propyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (1R,2S,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0(1,9)]tridec-4-en-13-one 1186088-78-7 C22H38O5Si
    (1R,2S,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0(1,9)]tridec-4-en-13-one
    —— (20S,1'R,2'R)-2α,3α,1',2'-tetrahydroxy-7-oxa-7a-homo-20-(4',4',5',5',6',6',7',7',8',8',9',9',9'-tridecafluoronon-1'-yl)-5α-pregnan-6-one 1188401-14-0 C30H39F13O6
    (20S,1'R,2'R)-2α,3α,1',2'-tetrahydroxy-7-oxa-7a-homo-20-(4',4',5',5',6',6',7',7',8',8',9',9',9'-tridecafluoronon-1'-yl)-5α-pregnan-6-one
    —— (20S,1'R,2'R)-2α,3α,1',2'-tetrahydroxy-7-oxa-7a-homo-20-(4',4',5',5',6',6',6'-heptafluoro-hex-1'-yl)-5α-pregnan-6-one 1188401-31-1 C27H39F7O6
    (20S,1'R,2'R)-2α,3α,1',2'-tetrahydroxy-7-oxa-7a-homo-20-(4',4',5',5',6',6',6'-heptafluoro-hex-1'-yl)-5α-pregnan-6-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-{2-[2,5-Bis-(1-ethyl-propyl)-pyrrol-1-yl]-ethyl}-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 123185-48-8 C21H35NO3
    (4R,6R)-6-{2-[2,5-Bis-(1-ethyl-propyl)-pyrrol-1-yl]-ethyl}-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— Einecs 308-760-8 98246-87-8 C34H64O2
    Einecs 308-760-8
    —— (4aS,9R,9aR)-9-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,8,9,9a-octahydropyrano[3,2-b]oxepin-6-one 1190599-04-2 C10H16O3
    (4aS,9R,9aR)-9-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,8,9,9a-octahydropyrano[3,2-b]oxepin-6-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(1S,2S,3R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl]oxolan-2-one 1200133-01-2 C25H44O6Si2
    (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(1S,2S,3R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E,3S)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-phenylprop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1200133-00-1 C25H42O4Si2
    (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E,3S)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-phenylprop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl]oxolan-2-one 1200133-02-3 C25H44O6Si2
    (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6S,6aR)-6-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-one 1202865-77-7 C22H26O3SSi
    (3aR,6S,6aR)-6-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(1S)-1,3-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one 1199807-59-4 C19H40O4Si2
    (5S)-5-[(1S)-1,3-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-((S)-2,2,3,3,9,9,10,10-octamethyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1199807-63-0 C20H42O4Si2
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-((S)-2,2,3,3,9,9,10,10-octamethyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-5-((R)-1-azidobut-3-enyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1148034-82-5 C8H11N3O2
    (S)-5-((R)-1-azidobut-3-enyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— tetrahydro-4-(difluoromethyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one 83191-82-6 C6H8F2O3
    tetrahydro-4-(difluoromethyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-(nonyloxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-29-1 C28H50O6
    (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-(nonyloxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— (1R,2R,3'S,6R,8S,9S)-3'-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2',2',9-trimethylspiro[4-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecane-2,6'-cyclohexane]-1',5,10-trione 1193365-64-8 C25H40O5Si
    (1R,2R,3'S,6R,8S,9S)-3'-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2',2',9-trimethylspiro[4-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecane-2,6'-cyclohexane]-1',5,10-trione
    —— (3R,4R,5E)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-hept-5-en-4-olide 1196871-21-2 C9H14O4
    (3R,4R,5E)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-hept-5-en-4-olide
    —— (1R,2S,3S,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-3-methanesulfonyloxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0(1,9)]tridec-4-en-13-one 1186088-77-6 C23H40O8SSi
    (1R,2S,3S,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-3-methanesulfonyloxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0(1,9)]tridec-4-en-13-one
    —— 4-(1-Methyl-1-nitroethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 176793-53-6 C7H11NO4
    4-(1-Methyl-1-nitroethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one