内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aR,3bR,8S,8aR)-8-Hydroxy-octahydro-furo[3',2':3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-7-one | 54867-37-7 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 8-Methyl-8-(phenylsulfinyl)-bicyclo<4.2.0>-2-oxa-octan-7-on | 69765-58-8 | C14H16O3S |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-3-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 20474-02-6 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 123594-35-4 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 5-hydroxymethyl-6-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 114890-83-4 | C21H22O5 |
| —— | 220325-89-3 | C24H34O8 | |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613041-39-6 | C16H32O3Si |
| —— | 144067-22-1 | C20H28O7 | |
| —— | 1427029-79-5 | C18H30O6Si | |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-Methyl-5-((Z)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74911-64-1 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (Z)-2-ethylidene-1-methylene-3-(2-methylenebutyl)cyclohexane | 1256162-92-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 3,3-di-(2-pentyl)-3H,5H-furan-2,4-dione | 121740-89-4 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (S,E)-1-(dihydro-2-oxofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)-3-methylbutan-2-yl-carbamate | 1447927-56-1 | C14H23NO4 |
| —— | 5,5,9-trimethyl-3-methylene-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-2-one | 112894-97-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (1S*,5R*,6R*)-6-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-3-on | 111062-17-0 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (2S,5S)-2-<(1S)-3-carbomethoxy-3-methyl-1-<(1S)-1-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl>butyl>-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one | 133797-34-9 | C17H30O6 |
| —— | 100757-23-1 | C13H14O3 | |
| —— | Chloro-acetic acid (1S,2R,3S,4S,6R)-3-bromo-4-(2-chloro-acetoxymethyl)-5-oxo-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl ester | 76596-36-6 | C11H11BrCl2O6 |
| —— | 2-allyl-4-amyloxymethylbutanolide | 945738-24-9 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | 6-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-cis-benzo<b>furan-2,4-dione | 92463-79-1 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (3aS)-6c-Hydroxy-4,4,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-(3ar,8ac,9ac)-2,3,3a,4,6,8a,9,9a-octahydro-3t,5at-cyclo-cyclopenta[b]furo[2,3-e]oxepin-8-carbaldehyde | 22567-28-8 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 4-endo-<(t-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy>-3,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one | 146444-46-4 | C12H22O4Si |
| —— | 5-(di-tert-butyl-fluoro-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxymethyl-hexahydro-1,3-dioxacyclopropa[cd]inden-2-one | 361456-17-9 | C16H27FO5Si |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-6-iodo-3-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 61187-99-3 | C8H10BrIO3 |
| —— | 3a-Pentyl-1,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3,4-dione | 79402-18-9 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 1-phenyl-8-oxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>3,9</sup>>decan-7-one | 134834-47-2 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | 12-Oxa-tricyclo[4.4.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>]trideca-2,4-dien-11-one | 78677-77-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (R)-5-(2-methylallyl)-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449005-74-6 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (1S,3R,9S,12R)-9-Methyl-7,10,13-trioxa-tricyclo[7.3.1.0<sup>3,12</sup>]tridecane-8,11-dione | 133592-93-5 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (1R*,2R*,4R*)-3',3'-dichloro-4'-oxa-2,2'-spiro-oxetan-bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene | 116935-39-8 | C9H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3R)-3-(1-Chloro-1-methylethyl)-5-methylhexan-5-olide | 85710-57-2 | C10H17ClO2 |
| —— | (4α,5β)-4,5-dihydro-5-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 126721-03-7 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R,6R)-2-Ethyl-5,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-carbaldehyde | 70941-38-7 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | α-Benzyl-γ-aethoxycarbonyl-butyrolacton | 100884-18-2 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-((E)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-5-methyl-hex-1-enyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 89471-97-6 | C14H22O5 |
| —— | 616225-59-3 | C18H27NO9 | |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613041-38-5 | C16H32O3Si |
| —— | 12-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[3.1.5.3]tetradecane-5,14-dione | 1057478-95-1 | C19H21BrO3 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[3(S)-hydroxy-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(R),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]-ethyl]-4(R)-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,-6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 130099-84-2 | C31H54O6Si |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-3,3-Diallyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 143741-43-9 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (1R*,5R*,6R*,7R*)-6-Brom-7-hydroxy-1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-on | 111085-76-8 | C9H13BrO3 |
| —— | (1S,4R,7S,8R)-2,4,7-Trimethyl-3-(2-oxo-heptyl)-10-pentyl-6,11-dioxa-tricyclo[5.4.0.0<sup>4,8</sup>]undeca-2,9-dien-5-one | 176665-87-5 | C24H36O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-isopropenyl-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]-3-methylbutylcarbamate | 849410-36-2 | C17H29NO4 |
| —— | (2R,2'S)-4(R,S)-carbethoxytetrahydro<2,2'-bifuran>-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione | 129151-39-9 | C11H14O6 |
| —— | (R)-8-Hydroxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 72137-19-0 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 2-[2-(4-Butyl-4-chloro-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl]-2-chloro-hexanoic acid | 63607-08-9 | C16H26Cl2O4 |
| —— | (S)-4-Methyl-1-trifluoromethyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 131758-81-1 | C15H19F3O4 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-6-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 857792-88-2 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,7S,10R,11S)-9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-hydroxy-6-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,10.03,7]tetradec-12-en-5-one | 433218-88-3 | C19H30O4Si |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 186639-54-3 | C12H20O4 |
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