内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5R,6R,11R,12R)-11,12-Diphenyl-2,8-dioxa-dispiro[4.0.4.2]dodecane-1,7-dione | 82044-34-6 | C22H20O4 |
| —— | 4-propoxymethyl-2-formylmethylbutanolide | 945738-35-2 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 2,7-dibromo-2,7-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-heptono-1,4-lactone | 171073-58-8 | C7H10Br2O5 |
| —— | 4-Difluoromethyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 111191-80-1 | C10H14F2O2 |
| —— | 2,4-dimethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 35493-67-5 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-[(S)-1-Bromo-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-4-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 204328-25-6 | C28H41BrO4Si2 |
| —— | 6-benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxononanolide | 77014-35-8 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | 4-Isopropylidene-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 29787-21-1 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-phenyloxan-2-one | 68319-11-9 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 3-epi-iso-seco-tanapartholide | 134037-55-1 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 3-Benzenesulfinyl-5-[2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 155531-93-4 | C29H34O4SSi |
| —— | (Z)-5-benzylidene-4,4-dimethyl-3-(3-phenylpropionyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1402591-86-9 | C22H22O3 |
| —— | (2R)-(3S)-(4S)-2-C-methyl-5-deoxyarabinono-1,4-lactone | 116491-02-2 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | dimethyl 10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,4]dodecane-2,9-dicarboxylate | 109950-40-5 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | tert-butyl (4R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-[(1R,2E,4E,6R,7R,10E,12Z,14E,16R,17R,19S,21S,22R)-21-hydroxy-19-methoxy-3,6,13,16-tetramethyl-9-oxo-8-oxatricyclo[14.8.0.017,22]tetracosa-2,4,10,12,14,23-hexaen-7-yl]ethyl]-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxylate | 1012307-68-4 | C41H61NO7 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(Z)-5-phenylpent-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 1443619-76-8 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | rel-(3aR,4R,7aS)-6-formyl-4-hydroxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzo<b>furan-2(3H)-one | 100362-22-9 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (S)-6-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 145020-88-8 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | N-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enamide | 2408959-90-8 | C9H13NO3 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-amino-2-oxabicyclo<3,2,1>octan-3-one | 98442-32-1 | C8H13NO2 |
| —— | 3,3A,5a,6,8a,8b-hexahydro-benzo[1,2-c;3,4-c']difuran-1,8-dione | 854909-66-3 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 1599434-87-3 | C14H22NO5 | |
| —— | 6-(1-Iodopentadeca-3,6,9,12-tetraen-1-YL)oxan-2-one | 86552-31-0 | C20H29IO2 |
| —— | cis,trans-4-Phenyl-3-carbethoxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-on | 34971-27-2 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | (+)-(5R,1'R)-3-Methyl-5-(2',2'-dimethylspiro<2.4>hepta-4',6'-dien-1'-yl)-6-oxa-2-cyclohexenone | 126899-50-1 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-6-(1S,2S)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1035931-09-9 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (-)-6β-hydroxytriacetoxy tricalysiolide B | 1421480-08-1 | C26H34O9 |
| —— | (3S,6S)-3-[(S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-4-methylpentyl]-3-methyl-6-[(E)-1-methyl-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)vinyl]dihydropyran-2,4-dione | 1184762-41-1 | C25H41NO4SSi |
| —— | (1S,5R,8R)-8-Phenyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 125159-59-3 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | Phenylurethan des 1-Methyl-cyclohexan-trans-diol-(2.3)-carbonsaeure-lactons | 100956-52-3 | C15H17NO4 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-16ξ-ethoxy-11β,14-dihydroxy-16,17-seco-14β-pregna-5,15-dien-18-oic acid-11-lactone | 124291-20-9 | C25H36O6 |
| —— | 6,9,9-Trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-3-one | 79693-64-4 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | Isodyssinsaeure-lacton | 502-13-6 | C12H10O2 |
| —— | 2-bis(trifluoromethyl)methylene-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one | 89563-06-4 | C8F12O2S |
| —— | (R)-5-[(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-12-hydroxy-dodecyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 851040-39-6 | C22H44O4Si |
| —— | 5,8,8-Trimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 71679-20-4 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,3aR,6aS)-6-Isopropylidene-3-oxo-1-(3-triisopropylsilanyl-prop-2-ynyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 900803-35-2 | C25H40O4Si |
| —— | (2R)-2-[(1R,4R,5R,6S)-10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[4.3.2.01,5]undec-8-en-4-yl]propanoic acid | 99474-52-9 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 1,6,6-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-one | 101544-82-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 2,2,6-Trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one | 97335-76-7 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | isopropylidene-4 methyl-6a (2H) hexahydro-3,3aα,4,5,6,6aα cyclopenta<b>furannone-2 | 79693-65-5 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 861071-05-8 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (3aR,4R,6aR)-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-ylmethyl ester | 84772-79-2 | C16H14Cl6O6 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one | 189160-26-7 | C12H24O4Si |
| —— | 6-ethyl galactarate-1,4-lactone | 80714-43-8 | C8H12O7 |
| —— | (3S,4R,6R,9S,10R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-9-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-2-oxo-10-pentyloxecan-6-yl acetate | 1609652-11-0 | C25H48O7Si |
| —— | 4-isohexyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 412343-55-6 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-octyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 855751-04-1 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-oxo-5-phenylselanyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 115476-80-7 | C12H11NO2Se |
| —— | 8-Methyl-oxocane-2,4-dione | 129199-61-7 | C8H12O3 |
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