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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ester 13353-13-4 C6H6O4
    3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ester
    —— (S)-4-bromomethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one 158568-16-2 C5H7BrO2
    (S)-4-bromomethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-[(2R,4S)-2-[(2R)-but-3-en-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetic acid 353521-05-8 C11H16O4
    2-[(2R,4S)-2-[(2R)-but-3-en-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— 4-Hydroxy-7-phenylheptansaeure-γ-lacton 6244-60-6 C13H16O2
    4-Hydroxy-7-phenylheptansaeure-γ-lacton
    —— (4R,6R)-6-((R)-but-3-en-2-yl)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 353521-07-0 C11H18O3
    (4R,6R)-6-((R)-but-3-en-2-yl)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— Swerosid Aglucon 15215-11-9 C10H12O4
    Swerosid Aglucon
    —— (E)-α-propenylidene-γ-butyrolactone 99343-64-3 C7H8O2
    (E)-α-propenylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (2R,3S,4R)-1-oxo-2-methyl-3-(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-1'-piperidinyloxy)cyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone 214331-97-2 C17H27NO4
    (2R,3S,4R)-1-oxo-2-methyl-3-(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-1'-piperidinyloxy)cyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-1-oxo-2-methyl-3-(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-1'-piperidinyloxy)cyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone 214331-98-3 C17H27NO4
    (2R,3R,4R)-1-oxo-2-methyl-3-(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-1'-piperidinyloxy)cyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylnicotinsaeurelacton 33402-76-5 C9H13NO2
    4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylnicotinsaeurelacton
    —— <1-Hydroxy-p-menthen-(8:9)-yl-(3)>-essigsaeure-lacton 107057-64-7 C12H18O2
    <1-Hydroxy-p-menthen-(8:9)-yl-(3)>-essigsaeure-lacton
    —— (1R,4S,7S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carbaldehyde 1027190-74-4 C7H8O3
    (1R,4S,7S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carbaldehyde
    —— (6S,10S)-6-hydroxy-10-propyloxecan-2-one 1373131-82-8 C12H22O3
    (6S,10S)-6-hydroxy-10-propyloxecan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-6-isopropenyl-1-methyl-2-oxobicyclo<3.3.1>nonan-3-one 107057-64-7 C12H18O2
    (1S,5R,6R)-6-isopropenyl-1-methyl-2-oxobicyclo<3.3.1>nonan-3-one
    —— (+/-)-(2-Hydroxymethyl-3,3-dimethylcycloprop-1-yl)acetic acid lactone —— C8H12O2
    (+/-)-(2-Hydroxymethyl-3,3-dimethylcycloprop-1-yl)acetic acid lactone
    —— (6S)-6-[(E)-pent-2-enyl]oxan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (6S)-6-[(E)-pent-2-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 5-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofurandione 68728-37-0 C10H8O3
    5-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofurandione
    —— (5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-2-yl)oxymethylchloride 1338917-14-8 C11H15ClO3
    (5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-2-yl)oxymethylchloride
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-phenethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 625445-80-9 C18H22O3
    6-cyclopentyl-6-phenethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-6-[(1S,2S)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]cyclopropyl]oxan-2-one 452920-26-2 C10H16O4
    (6R)-6-[(1S,2S)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]cyclopropyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 2-(tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)-<1α,2β(R)>-(+)-cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde 165038-20-0 C9H12O3
    2-(tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)-<1α,2β(R)>-(+)-cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde
    —— 6-hexyl-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 57058-23-8 C12H22O2
    6-hexyl-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone 65451-93-6 C7H12O2
    (2S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 58785-72-1 C8H10O4
    2,2-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-dihydropyran-2,4-dione 133286-44-9 C9H14O3
    6-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-dihydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 89489-69-0 C6H10O3
    3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2,4-diphenyl-γ-butyrolactone 21034-29-7 C16H14O2
    2,4-diphenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1R,8R)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione 497261-97-9 C10H13BrO3
    (1R,8R)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5R,8R)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-one 497261-98-0 C10H15BrO2
    (1R,5R,8R)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-one
    —— 2,2-diethyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 58785-71-0 C10H14O4
    2,2-diethyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 16,19-dioxatrispiro<5.1.1.5.2.2>nonadecane-17,18-dione 89536-31-2 C17H24O4
    16,19-dioxatrispiro<5.1.1.5.2.2>nonadecane-17,18-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one 1231765-65-3 C9H16O3
    (3R,5R)-5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid 58785-70-9 C10H12O4
    3-methylene-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 1-acryloyloxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one 265999-35-7 C13H16O4
    1-acryloyloxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— 5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 18363-07-0 C10H16O4
    5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (S)-(-)-β-benzyl-γ-butyrolactone 126434-65-9 C11H12O2
    (S)-(-)-β-benzyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (+/-)-4-tert-Butyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone 74687-05-1 C9H16O2
    (+/-)-4-tert-Butyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone
    —— 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-benzyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-38-4 C14H16O4
    3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-benzyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-chloroglutaric acid anhydride 27721-79-5 C5H5ClO3
    3-chloroglutaric acid anhydride
    —— (1R,2R,6R,8R,9R)-1,8,12,12-tetramethyl-9-trifluoroacetoxy-4-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.0(2,6)]dodecan-3-one 603129-21-1 C17H23F3O4
    (1R,2R,6R,8R,9R)-1,8,12,12-tetramethyl-9-trifluoroacetoxy-4-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.0(2,6)]dodecan-3-one
    —— 6-acetyloxy-2-oxepanone 86118-94-7 C8H12O4
    6-acetyloxy-2-oxepanone
    —— (3R,3aR,4aR,5R,8aR,8bR)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-ethoxy-4a,8,8,8a-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-c]furan-1-one 603129-19-7 C23H42O4Si
    (3R,3aR,4aR,5R,8aR,8bR)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-ethoxy-4a,8,8,8a-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-c]furan-1-one
    —— (4R,5S,3Z)-3-(bromomethylene)-5-(pent-4-enyl)-4-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 1338002-87-1 C12H15BrO2
    (4R,5S,3Z)-3-(bromomethylene)-5-(pent-4-enyl)-4-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 91478-17-0 C12H12O3
    (4R,5R)-4-acetyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,4,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 183154-44-1 C8H14O2
    3,4,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— methyl (S,E)-4-((2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pent-2-enoate 94339-75-0 C13H20O4
    methyl (S,E)-4-((2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pent-2-enoate
    —— 2-methyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 88431-08-7 C6H9BrO2
    2-methyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1S,5R)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 4350-83-8 C7H10O2
    (1S,5R)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— cis-5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 136311-56-3 C7H10Cl2O2
    cis-5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— 5-(Chloromethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one 16036-20-7 C6H9ClO2
    5-(Chloromethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one