内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,4R,6S,8R,9S)-8,9-dimethyl-4-ethyl-8-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-2-one | 109430-37-7 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | hydroleptosphol | 1135619-16-7 | C19H30O6 |
| —— | 3-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazole | 107166-73-4 | C12H11NO3 |
| —— | 6a-(6-cyanohex-2-ynyl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1,6-dione | 81159-34-4 | C14H15NO3 |
| —— | 3-(2-butoxyethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 91006-71-2 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (5a<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-5<i>t</i>-acetoxy-7<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>-epoxy-8a-hydroxy-9<i>anti</i>-isopropenyl-5a-methyl-(5a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-spiro[1<i>c</i>,4<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>d</i>]oxepin-6,2'-oxiran]-2-one | 2749-28-2 | C17H20O7 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)(methyl)amino)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 181118-93-4 | C18H39NO4Si2 |
| —— | (2-Methyl-tetrahydro-2-furyl)-bernsteinsaeure-anhydrid | 90535-10-7 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 6-Endo-Hydroxy-3-oxobicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-2-endocarbonsaeure-γ-lacton | 61380-97-0 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | (+-)-5t-hydroxy-8-oxo-(4ar,8ac)-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-[1t]-naphthoic acid-lactone | 5656-95-1 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | (2aS,2bS,6aR)-5,5-Dimethyl-hexahydro-4-oxa-5a-aza-cyclobuta[a]pentalen-6-one | 203871-70-9 | C10H15NO2 |
| —— | 3-(1-Methoxy-cyclohexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 60669-60-5 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | trans-4-Phenyl-5-isopropyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 69573-47-3 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | lactone of 1-methyl-7-bromo-2,5,6-trimethoxycarbonylbicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-oic acid | 97583-71-6 | C16H19BrO8 |
| —— | ((3S,4R)-4-Hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester | 75584-32-6 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | [(E)-4-(5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butan-2-ylideneamino]urea | 300702-69-6 | C10H17N3O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-[(1R,2R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 84710-51-0 | C18H36O6Si |
| —— | cis-1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic anhydride | 2068-42-0 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-4-(1-chloro-2-methyl-1-propenyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 100066-97-5 | C10H15ClO2 |
| —— | ((1E,3E,6Z,9Z)-6-Pentadeca-1,3,6,9-tetraenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 96349-46-1 | C20H30O2 |
| —— | (2S,4S)-2,5-dipivaloyloxy-2-pentanolide | 141762-47-2 | C15H24O6 |
| —— | α-Thiobutyryl-γ-butyrolacton | 26792-31-4 | C8H12O2S |
| —— | 3,4-bis(hydroxyimino)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 73314-56-4 | C5H6N2O4 |
| —— | <1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentofurano>-<3,4-f>-(3R,4S,5S,1'S)-5-carboxy-4-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane 4,5-lactone | 98050-43-2 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | N-Methyl-paravallaridin | 25099-43-8 | C23H35NO3 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-5-[(1R,2E)-3-cyclopentyl-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-yl]-3-ethoxy-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 958489-23-1 | C14H22O5 |
| —— | 3-isopropyl-5-(2-oxo-cyclopentylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 6262-64-2 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6S)-tetrahydro-6-<(1S,2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-4-pentenyl>-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 120849-67-4 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | 2R,4S,5S-6-cyclohexyl-5-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(2'-chloro-2'-propenyl)-gamma-hexanolactone | 120887-50-5 | C20H32ClNO4 |
| —— | <3aS-(3aα,6aα)>-3,3a,6,6a-Tetrahydro-1-oxo-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-4-carbaldehyd | 101376-16-3 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5S)-2-<(methoxycarbonyl)amino>-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-ene | 111515-77-6 | C9H11NO4 |
| —— | <5S,6R(S)>-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-(1-methylpropyl)pyran-2-one | 135419-78-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | [(1S)-4-oxo-1-[(2S,5R)-5-[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]butyl] acetate | 909767-38-0 | C14H20O6 |
| —— | (5S)-5-[(E)-oct-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one | 1453473-65-8 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,5aS,8aS)-5a-Chloro-1-methylene-1,2,3,3a,5a,6-hexahydro-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-5-one | 137538-04-6 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 17β-acetoxy-3-methoxy-11-oxa-C-homo-9ξ-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-12-one | 53655-31-5 | C21H26O5 |
| —— | [(2S,3R,4S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-87-2 | C25H32O5Si |
| —— | 3-Dimethylamino-5-methyl-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 208048-94-6 | C12H23NO2 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-3-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86539-39-1 | C10H20O3Si |
| —— | 4α-acetoxy-5αH-10,11(13)-guaidien-8β,12-olide | 1461-36-5 | C17H22O4 |
| —— | 1,3t-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1r,2t,3c-tricarboxylic acid-1,3-anhydride | 854710-67-1 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-4a(S)-nitrosyloxy-5(S)-chloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 125206-25-9 | C31H54ClNO7Si |
| —— | (2R,3R)-4-[(2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-2-methyl-3-triethylsilanyloxy-butyraldehyde | 916323-65-4 | C21H42O5Si2 |
| —— | (1R,4aS,8aR)-1-((R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yloxy)-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-isochromen-4-one | 138842-61-2 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 10-(Bromomethyl)-1,6-dioxecan-2-one | 1401441-62-0 | C9H15BrO3 |
| —— | 4α-carboxy-7α,13α-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone | 1168152-27-9 | C20H30O5 |
| —— | methyl (2E,7E)-(4S,5S,6S)-5-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-8-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]nona-2,7-dienoate | 1023949-94-1 | C19H30O5 |
| —— | ent-10β-hydroxy-16-oxo-17,20-dinorgibberella-2,9(11)-diene-7,19-dioic acid 7-(methyl ester) 19,10-lactone | 132842-62-7 | C19H20O5 |
| —— | (R)-5-Ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 197848-14-9 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | Sinulamine III | 139579-29-6 | C24H37NO5 |
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