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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9a-tetrahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O2
    1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9a-tetrahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-(3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)oxan-2-one —— C12H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-6-(3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 5,5,9-Trimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.5.1.04,13]tridecane-2,8-dione —— C15H22O3
    5,5,9-Trimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.5.1.04,13]tridecane-2,8-dione
    —— 3-hexadecoxy-3-oxo-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C25H45O6P
    3-hexadecoxy-3-oxo-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— (3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl) acetate —— C16H20O4
    (3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-8-yl) acetate
    —— 9'-Hydroxy-2,2,6',14',15'-pentamethyl-21'-methylidenespiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,10'-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosane]-25'-one —— C31H44O6
    9'-Hydroxy-2,2,6',14',15'-pentamethyl-21'-methylidenespiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,10'-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosane]-25'-one
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-4a,5,6,8,9,10a-hexahydrocycloocta[c]pyran-7-carbaldehyde —— C20H28O4
    4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-4a,5,6,8,9,10a-hexahydrocycloocta[c]pyran-7-carbaldehyde
    —— 1,9-dihydroxy-7,10a-dimethyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]furan-3-one —— C21H32O4
    1,9-dihydroxy-7,10a-dimethyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-5,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]furan-3-one
    —— 1,5,8-Trimethyl-1,3a,4,5,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H20O3
    1,5,8-Trimethyl-1,3a,4,5,8,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 5-But-3-enyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    5-But-3-enyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 2-[8-(furan-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16-dimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C26H30O10
    Methyl 2-[8-(furan-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16-dimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 1-Methyl-6-methylidene-4-oxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,7]tetradec-11-ene-5,9-dione —— C15H18O3
    1-Methyl-6-methylidene-4-oxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,7]tetradec-11-ene-5,9-dione
    —— 2-Ethoxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[6.4.1.01,5]tridecan-10-one —— C17H28O3
    2-Ethoxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[6.4.1.01,5]tridecan-10-one
    —— 10-methylundecan-6-olide —— C12H22O2
    10-methylundecan-6-olide
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione —— C20H24O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-semicarbazonopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 459150-22-2 C10H17N3O3
    5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-semicarbazonopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (14-Hydroxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) butanoate —— C24H36O6
    (14-Hydroxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) butanoate
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-8-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-8-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 12-Hydroxy-3,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,13,16(19)-triene-7,17-dione —— C20H24O5
    12-Hydroxy-3,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-6,18-dioxatricyclo[14.2.1.05,9]nonadeca-3,13,16(19)-triene-7,17-dione
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-10,2'-oxirane]-3-one —— C20H26O5
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-10,2'-oxirane]-3-one
    —— 2,5',8-Trihydroxy-5',7-dimethyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxolane]-11-one —— C18H24O7
    2,5',8-Trihydroxy-5',7-dimethyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxolane]-11-one
    —— Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-4,6,14-trimethyl-7,11-dioxo-9,12-dioxahexacyclo[8.7.1.13,6.02,8.04,17.014,18]nonadecan-5-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C27H32O10
    Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-4,6,14-trimethyl-7,11-dioxo-9,12-dioxahexacyclo[8.7.1.13,6.02,8.04,17.014,18]nonadecan-5-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 2-Oxiranecarboxylic acid, 2,3,3-trimethyl-, 2,3,3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-octahydro-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2,7-dioxoazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester 89499-20-7 C21H24O6
    2-Oxiranecarboxylic acid, 2,3,3-trimethyl-, 2,3,3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-octahydro-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2,7-dioxoazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester
    —— 3,3a,6,9-tetramethyl-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C16H20O3
    3,3a,6,9-tetramethyl-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradeca-11,13-dienylideneoxolan-2-one —— C19H30O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradeca-11,13-dienylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 6-But-2-en-2-yl-4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C12H20O3
    6-But-2-en-2-yl-4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 1-hydroxy-5,5,6',7',7a,9,11b-heptamethylspiro[2,5a,6,7,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-c]oxepine-8,2'-3H-furo[3,2-c]pyran]-3,4'-dione —— C27H36O6
    1-hydroxy-5,5,6',7',7a,9,11b-heptamethylspiro[2,5a,6,7,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-c]oxepine-8,2'-3H-furo[3,2-c]pyran]-3,4'-dione
    —— 3,10-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C14H20O2
    3,10-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— 9,20,21-Trihydroxy-5,8,11,14,17,24-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-10,23-dione —— C29H44O6
    9,20,21-Trihydroxy-5,8,11,14,17,24-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-10,23-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-propyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    4-Hydroxy-6-propyloxan-2-one
    —— (11-Hydroxy-4-methyl-10,15-dimethylidene-14-oxo-5,8,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.04,6.07,9]pentadecan-2-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    (11-Hydroxy-4-methyl-10,15-dimethylidene-14-oxo-5,8,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.04,6.07,9]pentadecan-2-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl)-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H18O5
    4-Hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl)-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(Furan-2-yl)-11-hydroxy-2,10-dimethyl-5,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.011,15]hexadec-7-ene-6,12-dione —— C20H22O6
    4-(Furan-2-yl)-11-hydroxy-2,10-dimethyl-5,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.011,15]hexadec-7-ene-6,12-dione
    —— 6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C9H16O2
    6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-[5-(1-Methoxyethyl)furan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H16O4
    5-[5-(1-Methoxyethyl)furan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(14-methylpentadecoxy)-3-oxo-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C25H45O6P
    3-(14-methylpentadecoxy)-3-oxo-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 9,10-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15-tetramethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C28H40O5
    9,10-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15-tetramethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tridec-10-enylideneoxolan-2-one —— C18H30O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tridec-10-enylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 7-[8-(2-Methoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-3-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C27H36O5
    7-[8-(2-Methoxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-3-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— Szduuccxzrjzrl-uhfffaoysa- —— C9H12O3
    Szduuccxzrjzrl-uhfffaoysa-
    —— 1,5-Dimethyl-1,3a,4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H18O3
    1,5-Dimethyl-1,3a,4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— matricine 109595-39-3 C17H22O5
    matricine
    —— 4-(Furan-3-yl)-1-methyl-5,10-dioxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodecane-6,11-dione —— C15H16O5
    4-(Furan-3-yl)-1-methyl-5,10-dioxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodecane-6,11-dione
    —— 5-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[8.2.1.01,6]tridec-9-en-11-one —— C20H26O3
    5-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[8.2.1.01,6]tridec-9-en-11-one
    —— (9-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[11.3.2.03,5]octadec-7-en-12-yl) acetate —— C22H32O6
    (9-Hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[11.3.2.03,5]octadec-7-en-12-yl) acetate
    —— 3-Dodeca-9,11-dienylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H26O3
    3-Dodeca-9,11-dienylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— mannonic acid, lactone 10238-03-6 C6H10O6
    mannonic acid, lactone
    —— 9-[2-(3-Octa-2,5-dienyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]oxonan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    9-[2-(3-Octa-2,5-dienyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]oxonan-2-one
    —— 5,10-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O5
    5,10-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 3-{[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methylidene}oxane-2,4-dione —— C8H11NO4
    3-{[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methylidene}oxane-2,4-dione