内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (S)-6-[2-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 498532-04-0 | C13H13FO3 |
| —— | (-)-(4R,5S)-5-((1'S)-hydroxypropyl)-4-(phenyldimethylsilyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one | 142730-72-1 | C15H22O3Si |
| —— | 73637-98-6 | C11H13IO4 | |
| —— | (+-)-1,4-diethyl-5,7-dioxo-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2r,3c-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 106379-32-2 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 3-hexyl-3-methyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 859981-11-6 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 141411-05-4 | C34H40O5 | |
| —— | 3',3'-Dibenzyloxyspiro<adamantane-2,2'-oxetan>-4'-one | 82817-32-1 | C26H28O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-8<i>syn</i>-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8<i>anti</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 103440-25-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5α,8S<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-bis(2-methyl-2-propyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-29-2 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-4-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74149-23-8 | C12H14O2Se |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-phenyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octan-8-one | 98011-12-2 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | (R)-(-)-4-methylene-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid | 1201928-34-8 | C6H6O4 |
| —— | (3α,4aα,7α,7aα)-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-7a-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopenta<b>pyran-2(3H)-one | 92721-18-1 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | 5-Hept-(Z)-ylidene-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96017-69-5 | C17H22O2 |
| —— | walterolactone C | 1362691-55-1 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,4aR,6R,8S,8aS,4'R,6'R,2''S)-6'-<2-<1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-<(2''-methyl-1''-oxobutyl)oxy>-1-naphthalenyl>ethyl>tetrahydro-4'-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 138505-90-5 | C23H36O6 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-6-Iodo-4-methyl-5-hexanolide | 148262-42-4 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | N-acetyldesalanylactinobolin | 105928-76-5 | C12H17NO6 |
| —— | 3-butyl-3-methyloxan-2-one | 83558-41-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 7a-Chlor-7-hydroxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-hydrindan-4-carbonsaeure-δ-lacton | 92960-36-6 | C12H15ClO4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-6-ethoxy-capronsaeure-lacton | 99768-36-2 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | [(1R,3S,7S,8S,9S,11R,13S,17S,18S,19S)-19-acetyloxy-3,13-dicyclohexyl-8,18-dimethyl-5,15-dioxo-4,14,21,22-tetraoxatricyclo[15.3.1.17,11]docosan-9-yl] acetate | 1196532-20-3 | C36H56O10 |
| —— | (1R,4R,6R,7R)-4-Isopropyl-6-methyl-12-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-11-one | 5050-75-9 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-undecanolid | 100545-11-7 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | 3-((Ξ)-3<i>t</i>-[2]furyl-allylidene)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 91344-75-1 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-9ξ-Brom-8c-hydroxy-4-oxo-(1rC<sup>8</sup>)-bicyclo<3.2.2>nonen-(2)-dicarbonsaeure-(6c,7c)-lacton-(7,8) | 23229-01-8 | C11H9BrO5 |
| —— | rac-(3aR,4R,5aR,8aR,8bS)-4,5a,7,7,8a-pentamethyl-1,5-dimethyleneoctahydro-1H,4H-3a,8b-methano-as-indacene | 123675-62-7 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-((R)-2-Methoxymethoxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 96423-83-5 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,5R,2'R)-3-(2-hydroxy-12-trimethylsilanyl-dodec-11-ynyl)-5-iodomethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1030605-24-3 | C20H35IO3Si |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 86390-92-3 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | (2S,3aR,6S,6aS)-2-iodomethyl-6-methyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-4-one | 861902-85-4 | C8H11IO3 |
| —— | bis(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanylmethyl)malononitrile | 123858-45-7 | C13H14N2O4 |
| —— | 1-Isopropyl-5,9-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-3-one | 92791-03-2 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethyl-4-pentyl-oxetan-2-one | 126485-99-2 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (12Ξ,13Ξ)-12-chloro-6β,9,13-trihydroxy-13-methoxy-14,15,16,19-tetranor-8β<i>H</i>-labdane-4,12,13-tricarboxylic acid-13-ethyl ester-4=>6;12=>9-dilactone | 125667-63-2 | C22H31ClO8 |
| —— | (3aR,5S,8aR)-5-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 91550-47-9 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (4R)-2-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-4-yl ester trifluoroacetate | 757239-46-6 | C2HF3O2*C18H27NO5 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-azido-5-hexyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1383977-16-9 | C10H17N3O2 |
| —— | 2,2,4,4-Di-pentamethylen-γ-butyrolacton | 57479-52-4 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | 2H-Cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one, 5-azidohexahydro-4,6-dihydroxy- | 1822572-97-3 | C7H9N3O4 |
| —— | (-)-cis,cis-2-methylthio-3-methyl-4-octanolide | 80007-37-0 | C10H18O2S |
| —— | Lithium; 3,3'-dimethyl-2'-oxo-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuranyl-2-olate | 93679-94-8 | C10H15O4*Li |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-1,8-dione | 112359-13-4 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 4-[(1S,2R)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1,2-dihydroxy-propyl]-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 197861-90-8 | C23H30O6Si |
| —— | 7-((Ξ)-2-chloro-benzyliden)-oxepan-2-one | 107624-11-3 | C13H13ClO2 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)-, cis- | 143778-60-3 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 4<i>t</i>-bromo-3<i>r</i>,5<i>c</i>-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 71011-58-0 | C6H9BrO2 |
| —— | 5-[(E,3R)-3-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]but-1-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one | 590366-92-0 | C20H27BrO2 |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-4-enyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1063713-66-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (1R,6R,8S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17R)-15,16-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-hydroxy-9,13,17-trimethyl-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-en-4-one | 875917-80-9 | C32H56O6Si2 |
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