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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-Ethenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 116524-63-1 C9H12O2
    6-Ethenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (R)-6-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one 199286-33-4 C7H10O2
    (R)-6-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 1-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione 64197-91-7 C7H8O3
    1-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— ((R)-2-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-acetic acid 129250-82-4 C7H10O4
    ((R)-2-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 5(R)-hydroxy-2(S)-methyl-4-oxa-endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one 129172-69-6 C10H12O3
    5(R)-hydroxy-2(S)-methyl-4-oxa-endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one
    —— (1S,5R)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione 105996-77-8 C9H12O3
    (1S,5R)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-chloro-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 165069-05-6 C10H11ClO2
    (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-chloro-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 5,6-Dimethyl-4-(nitromethyl)oxan-2-one 66186-47-8 C8H13NO4
    5,6-Dimethyl-4-(nitromethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— exo phenyl-5, exo methyl-2 oxa-4 endo tricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>decene-8 one-3 93660-27-6 C16H16O2
    exo phenyl-5, exo methyl-2 oxa-4 endo tricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>decene-8 one-3
    —— exo ethyl-5, exomethyl-2 oxa-4 endo tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 93617-33-5 C12H16O2
    exo ethyl-5, exomethyl-2 oxa-4 endo tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decene-8 one-3
    —— (-)-karahana lactone 106036-74-2 C10H14O2
    (-)-karahana lactone
    —— methyl (1S,4aR,6aS,9aR)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate 116002-66-5 C16H20O5
    methyl (1S,4aR,6aS,9aR)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate
    —— 3,3,4-trimethyl-2-oxetanone 18523-58-5 C6H10O2
    3,3,4-trimethyl-2-oxetanone
    —— (S)-3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-γ-butyrolactone 122654-37-9 C10H20O3Si
    (S)-3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid 13281-16-8 C6H8O4
    (2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid
    —— 5,5-dimethyloxepan-2-one 60187-76-0 C8H14O2
    5,5-dimethyloxepan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-isopropyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one 1263400-98-1 C10H18O2
    (4R)-4-isopropyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— 10-hydroxy-4-oxodecanoic acid lactone 126695-96-3 C10H16O3
    10-hydroxy-4-oxodecanoic acid lactone
    —— 2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid 16431-43-9 C8H10O5
    2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 3<i>r</i>,4<i>t</i>-dibutyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one 59951-09-6 C12H22O2
    3<i>r</i>,4<i>t</i>-dibutyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (1S)-4-methyl-4-vinyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 866825-07-2 C8H10O2
    (1S)-4-methyl-4-vinyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (+)-pseudoanisatin 31090-37-6 C15H22O6
    (+)-pseudoanisatin
    —— 5-methoxyoxepan-2-one 331475-13-9 C7H12O3
    5-methoxyoxepan-2-one
    —— 3-Methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one 851034-00-9 C10H12O2
    3-Methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one
    —— 3-allyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid thiocarbamoylamide 35242-59-2 C10H14N2O3S
    3-allyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid thiocarbamoylamide
    —— 3,8-bis-bromomethyl-2,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione 60012-87-5 C9H10Br2O4
    3,8-bis-bromomethyl-2,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione
    —— 3-fluoromethylglutaric anhydride 132868-32-7 C6H7FO3
    3-fluoromethylglutaric anhydride
    —— 3-chloromethylglutaric anhydride 132868-30-5 C6H7ClO3
    3-chloromethylglutaric anhydride
    —— 2,2'-Spirobi(5-iod-4-pentanolid) 5281-80-1 C9H10I2O4
    2,2'-Spirobi(5-iod-4-pentanolid)
    —— (R)-3-chloromethyl-δ-valerolacton 132868-49-6 C6H9ClO2
    (R)-3-chloromethyl-δ-valerolacton
    —— 3,8-bis-chloromethyl-2,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione 77944-07-1 C9H10Cl2O4
    3,8-bis-chloromethyl-2,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,6R,6aR)-ethyl 3-ethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-88-4 C13H20O5
    (3S,3aS,4S,6R,6aR)-ethyl 3-ethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— 3-(3-Oxo-butyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 537678-37-8 C9H14O3
    3-(3-Oxo-butyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-[2-(2-Methyl-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 537678-45-8 C11H18O2S2
    3-[2-(2-Methyl-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— ethyl (3S,3aS,4S,6aR)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-84-0 C12H18O5
    ethyl (3S,3aS,4S,6aR)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— (4S,5R,6S)-4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1197132-98-1 C9H14O3S2
    (4S,5R,6S)-4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (9R,10S)-9,10-dimethyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one 250378-72-4 C9H14O2S2
    (9R,10S)-9,10-dimethyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— (-)-(3R,4R,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-3-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)pentanolide 104431-97-2 C10H16O2S2
    (-)-(3R,4R,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-3-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)pentanolide
    —— (R)-(2-ethyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)[(2S,3S)-3-methoxy-6-oxotetra-hydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]methyl pivalate 1449755-47-8 C17H28O5S2
    (R)-(2-ethyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)[(2S,3S)-3-methoxy-6-oxotetra-hydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]methyl pivalate
    —— tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pyrone 1035812-38-4 C6H10O3
    tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pyrone
    —— 5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-hydroxypentanoic acid 1,4-lactone 80642-03-1 C7H11ClO2
    5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-hydroxypentanoic acid 1,4-lactone
    —— 6-Hex-1-ynyloxan-2-one 473611-29-9 C11H16O2
    6-Hex-1-ynyloxan-2-one
    —— (1SR,5RS)-1-(3-bromo-phenyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H9BrO2
    (1SR,5RS)-1-(3-bromo-phenyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexanoyl-4-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 109075-63-0 C11H18O4
    3-Hexanoyl-4-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4aR,8aR)-8,8-dimethylspiro[7,8a-dihydro-4aH-pyrano[2,3-e][1,2,4]trioxine-3,4'-cyclohexa-2,5-diene]-1',6-dione 116053-52-2 C13H14O6
    (4aR,8aR)-8,8-dimethylspiro[7,8a-dihydro-4aH-pyrano[2,3-e][1,2,4]trioxine-3,4'-cyclohexa-2,5-diene]-1',6-dione
    —— 3-heptanoyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 119502-27-1 C12H20O4
    3-heptanoyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-nonanoyloxolan-2-one 119502-29-3 C14H24O4
    4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-nonanoyloxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-15-[(2R,3S)-5-oxo-3-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pentadecan-2-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate 1587697-47-9 C23H37F3O4
    (R)-15-[(2R,3S)-5-oxo-3-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pentadecan-2-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
    —— (E)-methyl 2-(3-ethylidene-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetate 1160497-77-7 C10H14O4
    (E)-methyl 2-(3-ethylidene-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetate
    —— (2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[ditert-butyl(fluoro)silyl]oxyprop-2-enyl]-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde 1026655-45-7 C16H27FO4Si
    (2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[ditert-butyl(fluoro)silyl]oxyprop-2-enyl]-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde