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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-hexadecyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C27H47NO4
    N-hexadecyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1-(4-Ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C17H26N2O4
    1-(4-Ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C19H31NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 7a-methyl-7-methylidene-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one —— C10H14O2
    7a-methyl-7-methylidene-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-propyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C14H21NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-propyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO4
    N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N,N-diethyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C15H23NO4
    N,N-diethyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-ethyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO4
    N-ethyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1,8,8-Trimethyl-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C16H24N2O4
    1,8,8-Trimethyl-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C14H21NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— [[Cyano-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H17N3O4S
    [[Cyano-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (5S)-5-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (5R)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (5S)-5-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-3-[(2S)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]prop-2-enal —— C8H10O3
    (E)-3-[(2S)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]prop-2-enal
    —— (E)-3-[(2R)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]prop-2-enal —— C8H10O3
    (E)-3-[(2R)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]prop-2-enal
    —— ethyl (3S)-3-chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C7H9ClO4
    ethyl (3S)-3-chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H14O4
    (3R)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R)-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C5H4O4
    (3R)-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— ethyl (3R)-3-chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C7H9ClO4
    ethyl (3R)-3-chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (5R)-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    (5R)-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    (5S)-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— N-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    N-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N'-(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C20H28N2O6
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N'-(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— N'-[6-bromo-4-(dibromomethyl)-5,5-dimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C20H27Br3N2O4
    N'-[6-bromo-4-(dibromomethyl)-5,5-dimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— N'-(6-bromo-4,5,5-trimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C20H29BrN2O4
    N'-(6-bromo-4,5,5-trimethylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (3S,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20O4
    (3S,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20O4
    (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20O4
    (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20O4
    (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— N-[2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxooxetan-3-yl]ethyl]acetamide —— C9H15NO3
    N-[2-[(3R)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxooxetan-3-yl]ethyl]acetamide
    —— N-[2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxooxetan-3-yl]ethyl]acetamide —— C9H15NO3
    N-[2-[(3S)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxooxetan-3-yl]ethyl]acetamide
    —— (3aS,6aS)-3,3-dichloro-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C7H8Cl2O2
    (3aS,6aS)-3,3-dichloro-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6aS)-3,3-dichloro-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C7H8Cl2O2
    (3aR,6aS)-3,3-dichloro-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-(cyclopentylmethoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4aR,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3S,4aR,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4aR,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3R,4aR,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4aS,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3S,4aS,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,3S,6R,9S)-3-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one —— C9H12O2
    (1S,3S,6R,9S)-3-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— (1S,3R,6R,9S)-3-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one —— C9H12O2
    (1S,3R,6R,9S)-3-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— (3R,4aS,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3R,4aS,7aS)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,6R,8S,9R)-8-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one —— C9H12O2
    (1R,3S,6R,8S,9R)-8-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one —— C9H12O2
    (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
    (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3,4,4-trimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid —— C11H14O4
    (1S,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4S)-4-methyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (3R,4S)-4-methyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one