摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S)-N-[(2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C13H16F3N3O3
    (2S)-N-[(2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R)-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide —— C20H19N3O4S
    (2R)-N-[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N-(1-adamantyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H29NO3
    (1R,4S)-N-(1-adamantyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H11NO3
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C5H9NO2S
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H11NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C5H9NO2S
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C5H9NO2S
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one —— C5H9NO2S
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-methylsulfanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7NO2
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7NO2
    (4S,5R)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7NO2
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7NO2
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-ethynyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[3-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[3-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5R)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione —— C6H6O3
    (1R,5R)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,4Z)-4-[(Z)-heptadec-8-enylidene]-3-[(Z)-hexadec-7-enyl]oxetan-2-one —— C36H64O2
    (3R,4Z)-4-[(Z)-heptadec-8-enylidene]-3-[(Z)-hexadec-7-enyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4Z)-4-pentadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one —— C32H60O2
    (3R,4Z)-4-pentadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4E)-4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one —— C34H64O2
    (3S,4E)-4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4Z)-4-pentadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one —— C32H60O2
    (3S,4Z)-4-pentadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4Z)-4-[(Z)-heptadec-8-enylidene]-3-[(Z)-hexadec-7-enyl]oxetan-2-one —— C36H64O2
    (3S,4Z)-4-[(Z)-heptadec-8-enylidene]-3-[(Z)-hexadec-7-enyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4E)-4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one —— C34H64O2
    (3R,4E)-4-heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H25NO2S
    (3S,5R)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H25NO2S
    (3S,5S)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H25NO2S
    (3R,5S)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H23NO2S
    (3S)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H25NO2S
    (3R,5R)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H23NO2S
    (3R)-3-[2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethylsulfanyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H15ClO3
    (4S)-4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3R,4R,5S)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H15NO4
    ethyl (3R,4R,5S)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,4S,5R)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H15NO4
    ethyl (3R,4S,5R)-4-cyano-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (dimethylazaniumyl)methyl-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphinate —— C7H14NO4P
    (dimethylazaniumyl)methyl-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphinate
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (3S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H17N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H23N3O3
    [(E)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C12H22N2O2S
    [(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C15H24N2O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— pyridin-3-yl (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C15H17NO4
    pyridin-3-yl (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S)-N-[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1R,4S)-N-[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R,8R)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H17N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R,8R)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(E)-4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— hydroxy-oxo-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphanium —— C4H6O4P+
    hydroxy-oxo-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphanium
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17FO5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (4S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C14H17NO4
    (4S)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea