内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (E)-(9R,10R)-9-Propionyl-10-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-3,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-oxecin-2-one | 114714-98-6 | C17H22O3S |
| —— | (2S,5R,6S)-6-[(R)-3-Bromo-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-but-3-enyl]-2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-[1,3]dioxan-4-one | 190730-65-5 | C19H35BrO4Si |
| —— | 7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Heptafluor-5-hydroxy-nonansaeure-δ-lacton | 2145-80-4 | C9H9F7O2 |
| —— | 3-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methylglutaric anhydride | 120566-44-1 | C8H12O5 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-((R)-1,2-Dimethoxy-ethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 25018-61-5 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 8-hydroxy-6-trimethylsilyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydroisocoumarin | 129156-55-4 | C12H20O3Si |
| —— | methyl 4-methylene-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate | 947513-44-2 | C13H12O4 |
| —— | (1R,6S,7S,10S)-10-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)-9-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane-7-carbonitrile | 1380229-99-1 | C13H20N2O4 |
| —— | (Z)-(1R,2S,11S,12S)-3,15-Dioxa-tricyclo[10.2.1.0<sup>2,11</sup>]pentadec-8-en-4-one | 119694-93-8 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | opt.-inakt. 4-Carboxymethyl-4-hydroxy-2-octyl-buttersaeure-lacton | 3679-29-6 | C14H24O4 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (1S,5aS,8aR,8bR)-8b-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-(1-ethoxy-ethoxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,4,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-1H-5-oxa-cyclobuta[e]azulen-1-yl ester | 78007-82-6 | C26H46O8SSi |
| —— | (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-Methoxymethoxy-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 141521-31-5 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (11<i>R</i>)-6β,13-epoxy-8α-hydroxy-11-methyl-13-methylen-4-oxo-ambros-1-en-12-oic acid-lactone | 55660-89-4 | C17H20O4 |
| —— | 11-syn-dimethoxymethyl 5-butyl-9-oxo-3,8-dioxa-4-azatricyclo<5.3.1.0<sup>3.5</sup>>undec-4-ene | 120759-19-5 | C15H23NO5 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3S,8S)-2-Bromo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one | 85114-87-0 | C10H13BrO2 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-5-butyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 100250-34-8 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | <+/--(3Z,4α,5α)>-3-hexadecylidene-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 78277-68-6 | C21H37IO3 |
| —— | (E)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(chloro(phenyl)methylene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1392485-03-8 | C17H12BrClO2 |
| —— | (2R,4S,5S,6S,7RS)-6-ethyl-7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylnonan-5-olide | 126365-71-7 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (R)-1-((2S,3S)-3-methoxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-but-3-enyl ester | 142030-50-0 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | 6-Hydroxy-1,6,7-trimethyl-norbornan-2,3-dicarbonsaeure-3-methylester-2-lacton | 93568-29-7 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (2-Oxo-3-{6,8,8-trimethyl-9-[2-(2-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.4]non-6-yl}-propyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester | 118075-41-5 | C21H37O8P |
| —— | (E)-3-(hydroxymethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone sodium salt | 152378-03-5 | C6H7O3*Na |
| —— | cis-3-Hydroxy-cis-4-ethyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeurelacton | 90611-52-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-tetradecanolide | 82042-35-1 | C21H42O3Si |
| —— | 5-exo-6-endo-dihydroxy-3-exo-nitro-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2-endo-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 75467-02-6 | C7H7NO6 |
| —— | 4-Cyclohexyl-3,3-dipropyl-oxetan-2-one | 132835-49-5 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | (3aR,7S,8aS)-tert-butyl 7-octyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-carboxylate | 1622093-87-1 | C22H36O4 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-5-Methyl-4,7-dimethylene-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione | 77079-49-3 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | dichloro-6,6 hexanolide-4 | 98325-67-8 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | 5-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)oxolan-2-one | 122776-51-6 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-6-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one | 132282-07-6 | C8H12O3S2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-((R)-1-iodo-ethyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86336-00-7 | C7H11IO3 |
| —— | 6-iodo-9-nonanolide | 114783-93-6 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | 4,9-Dimethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-dodecandisaeure-(1,12)-dilacton | 106591-32-6 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-3a,5,6-trimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 40834-43-3 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | Lacton der 16β-Methyl-3-keto-13α-hydroxy-13,17-seco-androstan-2,4-dibrom-carbonsaeure-(17) | 110436-71-0 | C20H28Br2O3 |
| —— | 3',4'-Dihydro-3,7,7-trimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-spiro<bicyclo<4.2.0>octan-2,2'(5')-furanon-(5')> | 94573-20-3 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | α,γ-Dimethyl-γ-isobutyl-γ-butyrolacton | 2610-94-8 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-3-trifluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 109719-06-4 | C5H5F3O2 |
| —— | 1-benzyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,8-dione | 74106-38-0 | C13H12O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-7A-acetyl-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>t</i>)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 90926-43-5 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | N-Cyclohexyl-2-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetamide | 112825-56-6 | C20H33NO4 |
| —— | [3,3']bifuryl-2,4,2',4'-tetraone | 167644-70-4 | C8H6O6 |
| —— | 2,2'-dideuterio-2-deoxyribonolactone | 131132-17-7 | C5H8O4 |
| —— | Methyl tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylate | 412298-88-5 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-((R)-Methoxy-phenyl-methyl)-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecan-2-one | 91239-13-3 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | cis-5-allyl-4-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 121756-25-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 129870-02-6 | C5H7FO4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]indene-2a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 37517-37-6 | C10H12O4 |
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