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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 76338-15-3 C15H22O5
    —— (1S,5R,6R,7R)-(-)-2-oxa-6-(dimetoxymethyl)-7-hydroxybicyclo<3.3.0>-octan-3-one 53275-75-5 C10H16O5
    (1S,5R,6R,7R)-(-)-2-oxa-6-(dimetoxymethyl)-7-hydroxybicyclo<3.3.0>-octan-3-one
    —— Bis(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) propane-1,3-disulfonate 1266343-45-6 C15H24O10S2
    Bis(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) propane-1,3-disulfonate
    —— (1R,2S,3a'S,6a'S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6'-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)-3a',6a'-dihydro-4'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2'-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol]-4'-one 180525-57-9 C18H24O3
    (1R,2S,3a'S,6a'S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6'-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)-3a',6a'-dihydro-4'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2'-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol]-4'-one
    —— 3-<1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-(2)-naphthyl>-propionsaeure-lacton 15342-72-0 C14H16O2
    3-<1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-(2)-naphthyl>-propionsaeure-lacton
    —— [(1R,2R)-2-((1S,4aS,6R,8aS)-1-Furan-3-yl-4a-hydroxy-8a-methyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-octahydro-isochromen-6-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl]-acetic acid 14506-61-7 C26H32O7
    [(1R,2R)-2-((1S,4aS,6R,8aS)-1-Furan-3-yl-4a-hydroxy-8a-methyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-octahydro-isochromen-6-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl]-acetic acid
    —— (4<i>R</i>)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 17779-19-0 C10H16O2
    (4<i>R</i>)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (E)-3-(cyclohexylmethylene)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1334334-85-8 C12H18O2
    (E)-3-(cyclohexylmethylene)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (Z)-4-benzylidene-8,9-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,8-dien-3-one 1227748-35-7 C18H18O2
    (Z)-4-benzylidene-8,9-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,8-dien-3-one
    —— 5-acetyl-3-isopentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 75080-04-5 C11H18O3
    5-acetyl-3-isopentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5r,8r)-4-methylene-8-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1361201-38-8 C16H18O2
    (5r,8r)-4-methylene-8-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— 3-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 79902-35-5 C30H50O5Si
    3-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— 4-methyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-one 1417559-79-5 C7H10O3
    4-methyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1142923-98-5 C11H12O3
    (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— methyl (3aR,4S,5R,7aS)-5-[(1S,2R)-3-iodo-1,2-O-isopropylidene-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-oxo-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-4-isobenzofurancarboxylate 853953-59-0 C16H21IO6
    methyl (3aR,4S,5R,7aS)-5-[(1S,2R)-3-iodo-1,2-O-isopropylidene-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3-oxo-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-4-isobenzofurancarboxylate
    —— (3aS,5R,8bR)-5-Hydroxy-3-[1-hydroxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one 94480-17-8 C14H18O4
    (3aS,5R,8bR)-5-Hydroxy-3-[1-hydroxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-octyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1637370-57-0 C13H23IO2
    (S)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-octyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-5-[(S)-Methoxymethoxy-((1R,6S,7R,8S)-8-methyl-9-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)-methyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 916260-24-7 C16H22O5
    (R)-5-[(S)-Methoxymethoxy-((1R,6S,7R,8S)-8-methyl-9-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)-methyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5S,6S,9S)-9-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-6-(iodomethyl)-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonane 190246-85-6 C16H29IO3Si
    (5S,6S,9S)-9-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-6-(iodomethyl)-1-oxa-2-oxospiro[4.4]nonane
    —— (2aS,5R,6aR,8aS,8bR)-hexahydro-8b-propenyl-5-(triethylsilyloxy)-4H-1,3,8-trioxa-3a-azadicyclopenta[a,gh]pentalen-2(2aH)-one 1294502-27-4 C18H29NO5Si
    (2aS,5R,6aR,8aS,8bR)-hexahydro-8b-propenyl-5-(triethylsilyloxy)-4H-1,3,8-trioxa-3a-azadicyclopenta[a,gh]pentalen-2(2aH)-one
    —— 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone hydrochloride 107036-82-8 C6H11NO4*ClH
    2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone hydrochloride
    —— (+/-)-6,7-O,O-(2,2,4,4-Tetramethylglutaryl)synthanecine 117424-48-3 C16H25NO4
    (+/-)-6,7-O,O-(2,2,4,4-Tetramethylglutaryl)synthanecine
    —— 5-Ethoxy-4-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 78920-24-8 C8H14O3
    5-Ethoxy-4-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one 74794-17-5 C9H14O3
    2,2-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 92775-11-6 C10H18O3
    (4S,5S)-5-(3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,7S)-13-Oxa-tricyclo[5.4.3.0<sup>1,7</sup>]tetradecane-12,14-dione 74942-82-8 C13H18O3
    (1R,7S)-13-Oxa-tricyclo[5.4.3.0<sup>1,7</sup>]tetradecane-12,14-dione
    —— (4aS,6S,6aR,9aS)-7-Methoxy-6-methoxymethoxy-8-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,6a-hexahydro-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-4,9-dione 73923-09-8 C15H20O6
    (4aS,6S,6aR,9aS)-7-Methoxy-6-methoxymethoxy-8-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,6a-hexahydro-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-4,9-dione
    —— dimethyl 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-8-methylidene-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1,5-dicarboxylate 91860-31-0 C14H18O7
    dimethyl 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-8-methylidene-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1,5-dicarboxylate
    —— (3S,5R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 81669-02-5 C24H32O3Si
    (3S,5R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (5Z,8S)-9-hydroxynon-5-en-8-olide 1228569-63-8 C9H14O3
    (5Z,8S)-9-hydroxynon-5-en-8-olide
    —— (1S,5S,6S,7S)-7-hydroxy-5-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one 952101-34-7 C12H20O5
    (1S,5S,6S,7S)-7-hydroxy-5-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one
    —— rac-(2R,3a'R,6a'R)-4-methyleneoctahydro-2'H,5H-spiro[furan-2,1'-pentalen]-5-one 83650-11-7 C12H16O2
    rac-(2R,3a'R,6a'R)-4-methyleneoctahydro-2'H,5H-spiro[furan-2,1'-pentalen]-5-one
    —— (3aR,5aR,8aS,9S,10aR)-9-tert-Butyl-9-hydroxy-10,10a-dihydro-9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4-dione 141509-73-1 C15H18O6
    (3aR,5aR,8aS,9S,10aR)-9-tert-Butyl-9-hydroxy-10,10a-dihydro-9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4-dione
    —— 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 7-chloro-3a,7a-dihydro-, cis- 103723-37-1 C8H7ClO2
    1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 7-chloro-3a,7a-dihydro-, cis-
    —— 3-Methyl-6a,7a-bis-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-difuro[2,3-b;3',2'-d]furan-2,5-dione 56742-95-1 C27H30O5
    3-Methyl-6a,7a-bis-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-difuro[2,3-b;3',2'-d]furan-2,5-dione
    —— 2-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-acetoacetic acid-lactone 100144-97-6 C9H14O3
    2-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-acetoacetic acid-lactone
    —— 2,2,8,8-Tetramethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one 74794-21-1 C11H18O3
    2,2,8,8-Tetramethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one
    —— 3-Oxa-bicyclo<3.1.1>heptan-2-on 5164-28-3 C6H8O2
    3-Oxa-bicyclo<3.1.1>heptan-2-on
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one 74794-11-9 C9H14O3
    3,3-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-6-one
    —— (1R,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester 856432-37-6 C16H18O4
    (1R,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester
    —— Acetic acid (3S,3aS,6R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-acetyl-3,6-dimethyl-7-[2-(2-nitro-phenylselanyl)-ethyl]-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl ester 303179-37-5 C23H29NO7Se
    Acetic acid (3S,3aS,6R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-acetyl-3,6-dimethyl-7-[2-(2-nitro-phenylselanyl)-ethyl]-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl ester
    —— 6-Oxabicyclo<3.2.2>non-8-en-7-on 63838-54-0 C8H10O2
    6-Oxabicyclo<3.2.2>non-8-en-7-on
    —— (3aR,4S,6S,6aS)-6-iodo-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1591270-98-2 C16H29IO3Si
    (3aR,4S,6S,6aS)-6-iodo-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-((S)-2-methyl-2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)penta-3,4-dien-1-yl)-3-(phenylselanyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1440533-45-8 C19H26O3SeSi
    (3S,5S)-5-((S)-2-methyl-2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)penta-3,4-dien-1-yl)-3-(phenylselanyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S)-3-azido-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one 265307-99-1 C7H11N3O2
    (5S)-3-azido-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-[(1S,2R)-2-((1S,3aR,6aS)-3,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-yl)-2-methyl-cyclopentyl]-ethyl ester 126107-23-1 C20H30O5
    2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-[(1S,2R)-2-((1S,3aR,6aS)-3,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-yl)-2-methyl-cyclopentyl]-ethyl ester
    —— 4-bromo-1-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 20117-82-2 C8H11BrO2
    4-bromo-1-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 2-(γ-Brompropyl)-γ-valerolacton 50994-86-0 C8H13BrO2
    2-(γ-Brompropyl)-γ-valerolacton
    —— (3R,3aR,5S,6R,7aR)-5,6-dimethyl-4-methylidene-3-(prop-2-ene-1-yl)hexahydro-3,5-ethano-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one 1006382-64-4 C16H22O2
    (3R,3aR,5S,6R,7aR)-5,6-dimethyl-4-methylidene-3-(prop-2-ene-1-yl)hexahydro-3,5-ethano-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aS,8S,9R,9aR,9bs)-8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrobenzo[de]chromen-2(3H)-one 1294513-70-4 C14H20O3
    (3aS,8S,9R,9aR,9bs)-8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrobenzo[de]chromen-2(3H)-one