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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (1S,4aS,8S,8aS)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate 74848-77-4 C11H14O6
    methyl (1S,4aS,8S,8aS)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— 6,7-isopropylidenedioxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>non-8-en-3-one 135121-67-4 C11H14O4
    6,7-isopropylidenedioxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.2>non-8-en-3-one
    —— (S)-[(13)C5]-2,3-dideoxyribonolactone 1303556-38-8 C5H8O3
    (S)-[(13)C5]-2,3-dideoxyribonolactone
    —— {(S)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 545375-14-2 C13H23NO5
    {(S)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— {(S)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-((R)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 545375-16-4 C13H23NO5
    {(S)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-((R)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [(S)-1-((R)-4-Acetyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 545375-09-5 C13H21NO5
    [(S)-1-((R)-4-Acetyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 5-(3-hydroxybutyl)oxolan-2-one 74462-78-5 C8H14O3
    5-(3-hydroxybutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4a-Methyl-3,4,4a,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2,5-dione 60203-67-0 C9H10O3
    4a-Methyl-3,4,4a,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2,5-dione
    —— 3-Hexyl-2-oxo-tetrahydropyran 59726-50-0 C11H20O2
    3-Hexyl-2-oxo-tetrahydropyran
    —— (-)-δ-lactone of 3-epi-cucurbic acid 53403-88-6 C12H18O2
    (-)-δ-lactone of 3-epi-cucurbic acid
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-ylcarbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 259868-79-6 C15H21NO3
    (1S,5R)-1-(2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-ylcarbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-bromoethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 81478-17-3 C6H9BrO2
    3-(2-bromoethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-5-triethylsilyloxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 227595-93-9 C13H24O3Si
    (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-5-triethylsilyloxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-[(2S)-2-(2-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylethyl)-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridyl-1-carbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 497075-40-8 C27H33NO5
    (1S,5R)-1-[(2S)-2-(2-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylethyl)-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridyl-1-carbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-40-5 C26H27NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1R)-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-45-0 C26H27NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1R)-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(8-methyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-33-6 C21H25NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(8-methyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-38-1 C21H25NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-[(S)-2-(2-[1,3]-dioxolan-2-ylethyl)-5-triisopropylsilyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ylcarbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 502897-38-3 C30H51NO5Si
    (1S,5R)-1-[(S)-2-(2-[1,3]-dioxolan-2-ylethyl)-5-triisopropylsilyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ylcarbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-8-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl-carbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-49-4 C28H31NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-8-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl-carbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-[(S)-2-(2-[1,3]-dioxolan-2-yl-ethyl)-5-triisopropylsilyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-ylcarbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 502897-37-2 C30H49NO5Si
    (1S,5R)-1-[(S)-2-(2-[1,3]-dioxolan-2-yl-ethyl)-5-triisopropylsilyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-ylcarbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-8-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-48-3 C27H29NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-1-[(1S)-8-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ylcarbonyl]-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(2,3-dihydropyrrol-1-ylcarbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 259868-80-9 C15H21NO3
    (1S,5R)-1-(2,3-dihydropyrrol-1-ylcarbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-[(2S)-2-(2-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylethyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-1-carbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 497075-55-5 C27H35NO5
    (1S,5R)-1-[(2S)-2-(2-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylethyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-1-carbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide 1234625-09-2 C11H17NO3
    (1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5R)-1-[(1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 660861-32-5 C20H23NO3
    (1S,5R)-1-[(1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (S)-2-phenyl-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl-carbonyl]-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one 497075-43-1 C22H25NO4
    (S)-2-phenyl-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-yl-carbonyl]-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one
    —— (1S,5R)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1236042-94-6 C8H12O2
    (1S,5R)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-[1,3]Dithian-2-ylmethyl-5-ethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 142071-07-6 C12H20O2S2
    (4R,5S)-4-[1,3]Dithian-2-ylmethyl-5-ethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (5S,9S,11S)-14-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-9-hydroxy-11-isopropenyl-3-methyl-6,16-dioxatricyclo[11.2.1.1<sup>5,8</sup>]heptadeca-1(15),2,13-trien-7-one 864183-00-6 C26H40O5Si
    (5S,9S,11S)-14-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-9-hydroxy-11-isopropenyl-3-methyl-6,16-dioxatricyclo[11.2.1.1<sup>5,8</sup>]heptadeca-1(15),2,13-trien-7-one
    —— (5S,9R,11S)-14-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-9-hydroxy-11-isopropenyl-3-methyl-6,16-dioxatricyclo[11.2.1.1<sup>5,8</sup>]heptadeca-1(15),2,13-trien-7-one 864182-99-0 C26H40O5Si
    (5S,9R,11S)-14-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-9-hydroxy-11-isopropenyl-3-methyl-6,16-dioxatricyclo[11.2.1.1<sup>5,8</sup>]heptadeca-1(15),2,13-trien-7-one
    —— 3-(3-methyl-2-butenoyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 104210-64-2 C9H12O3
    3-(3-methyl-2-butenoyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-3-(butylthiomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 95457-79-7 C9H14O2S
    (E)-3-(butylthiomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-3-(5-isobutoxy-1-triazolinomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 95457-90-2 C11H17N3O3
    (E)-3-(5-isobutoxy-1-triazolinomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-(pyrrolidinomethylene)-2(3H)-furanone 95457-77-5 C9H13NO2
    (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-(pyrrolidinomethylene)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-3-(cyanomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 95457-89-9 C6H5NO2
    (E)-3-(cyanomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-α-pentylidene-γ-butyrolactone 67404-91-5 C9H14O2
    (E)-α-pentylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-α-(2-furylmethylene)-γ-butyrolactone 66909-43-1 C9H8O3
    (E)-α-(2-furylmethylene)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-3-(azidomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 95457-84-4 C5H5N3O2
    (E)-3-(azidomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3E)-3-(3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynylidene)oxolan-2-one 274902-09-9 C10H14O2Si
    (3E)-3-(3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(Z)-α-nonylidene-γ-butyrolactone 76606-08-1 C13H22O2
    (+/-)-(Z)-α-nonylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-3-(3-phenylprop-2-yn-1-ylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 274902-08-8 C13H10O2
    (E)-3-(3-phenylprop-2-yn-1-ylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— di((E)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone-3-methine) ether 95457-82-2 C10H10O5
    di((E)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone-3-methine) ether
    —— 3β-methyl-4β-hydroxybutenolide —— C5H8O3
    3β-methyl-4β-hydroxybutenolide
    —— (Z)-α-pentylidene-γ-butyrolactone 67404-92-6 C9H14O2
    (Z)-α-pentylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6a-Methyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 88536-89-4 C11H16O3
    6a-Methyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C5H8O3
    (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrolactone 107494-33-7 C5H8O3
    (2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrolactone
    —— (2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-butyrolactone 107494-31-5 C5H8O3
    (2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-butyrolactone
    —— (5R,6R)-6-(3-bromophenyl)-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one 86042-91-3 C13H15BrO2
    (5R,6R)-6-(3-bromophenyl)-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one