内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (2bR,5aR,5bS)-2b-Vinyl-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]inden-2-one | 93370-79-7 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | α-(diphenylmethylsilyl)-γ-valerolactone | 112197-32-7 | C18H20O2Si |
| —— | (2R,3R,6S,7R)-6-methoxy-2,3-diphenyl-7-vinyl-1,4-dioxocan-5-one | 1094450-40-4 | C21H22O4 |
| —— | 5-(2,2-Dimethyl-propyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 54850-78-1 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (2R,3R)-4-bromo-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 96239-83-7 | C7H9BrO4 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-pentan-5-ol-1,4-olid | 35768-19-5 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 2-cyclopentyl-2-phenyl-succinic acid anhydride | 3980-30-1 | C15H16O3 |
| —— | (3S)-4-α-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-5-β-(2-methylprop-1-enyl) dihydrofuran-2-one | 1221887-67-7 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3R,3aR,3a1R,6aR,7aS,11aS,11bR)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,3a-dihydroxy-3,8,11a-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,6a,7,7a,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydro-5H-3,3a1-(epoxymethano)dibenzo[de,g]chromen-5-one | 919301-71-6 | C26H42O6Si |
| —— | 3R,5R-5-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 147093-50-3 | C11H19NO4 |
| —— | 3-butyl-6-methylene-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 341010-28-4 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 8-oxabicycle[5.2.1]deca-3,5-dien-9-one | 1258846-54-6 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (1S,4R,5R)-1,4-Dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione | 73240-88-7 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1315510-56-5 | C9H12N2O3 |
| —— | 1-[(3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]oct-2-ynyl acetate | 1251949-10-6 | C23H38O5Si |
| —— | (1R,2R,4S,5S)-(4-hydroxy-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 323196-41-4 | C12H19NO5 |
| —— | 3,3-Dibutyl-8,9-dimethyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5a,6,9,9a-tetrahydro-2,4,3-benzodioxastannepine-1,5-dione | 24838-85-5 | C22H36O4Sn |
| —— | Acetic acid 2-oxo-dihydro-furan-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl ester | 93698-27-2 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | ethyl (3aS,4S,7aS)-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-6-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-4-carboxylate | 1579293-52-9 | C22H38O5Si |
| —— | (R)-3-Allyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 102631-80-1 | C11H15NO4 |
| —— | lactone of 4-methyl-7-bromo-2,5,6-trimethoxycarbonylbicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-oic acid | 97583-72-7 | C16H19BrO8 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-7-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 141134-90-9 | C25H42O5S |
| —— | 4-((2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)butanal | 1458062-44-6 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 2-{(1S,4aS,5S,8aR,8bR)-3,3-Di-tert-butyl-1-[(R)-1-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-2-oxo-octahydro-4-oxa-2a-aza-3-sila-cyclobuta[a]naphthalen-5-yloxy}-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide | 198402-15-2 | C29H56N2O5Si2 |
| —— | (1<i>S</i>)-5<i>endo</i>,6<i>endo</i>-dihydroxy-7<i>anti</i>-isopropyl-5<i>exo</i>,6<i>exo</i>-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2<i>endo</i>,3<i>endo</i>-dicarboxylic acid-2=>6;3=>5-dilacto | 101499-32-5 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 273926-72-0 | C29H44O12SSi | |
| —— | (3S,4S)-(-)-4-acetyl-3-methyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone | 869594-43-4 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-((4aS,6R,8aR)-6-isopropyl-3-methylene-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1354555-42-2 | C18H26O3 |
| —— | (S)-5-((1S,2R,3S)-1,3-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 84041-31-6 | C13H24O4 |
| —— | [(2R)-2-[[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]butyl] methanesulfonate | 378243-89-1 | C10H18O5S |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-bromo-5-methyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1548512-98-6 | C11H11BrO2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aR)-3a-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-pentadecyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 168008-05-7 | C40H62O5Si |
| —— | 5-isobutyl-6,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 99992-56-0 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-furyl)-5-oxo-1,1,2,2-cyclohexanetetracarbonitrile | 364042-99-9 | C14H8N4O2 |
| —— | 5-methyl-3-(1-adamantyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 619323-55-6 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | 6-ethyl-2-methyl-4-thioxo-4,8-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrimido[5,4-<i>b</i>][1,4]oxazin-7-one | 41165-97-3 | C9H11N3O2S |
| —— | 1548667-76-0 | C15H28O4Si | |
| —— | 1-oxa-4-(β,β-dichlorovinyl)-spiro[4,5]decan-2-one | 70373-12-5 | C11H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-((2S,5R)-2,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1242242-20-1 | C12H22O5 |
| —— | (3aS,5S,6R,7S,8aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-hydroxy-6-phenylselanyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 80263-66-7 | C21H32O4SeSi |
| —— | Benzol-Maleinsaeureanhydrid-Addukt | 74007-10-6 | C10H8O3 |
| —— | 7-(phenylethynyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione | 1371598-22-9 | C17H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-3-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 156757-24-3 | C11H22O3Si |
| —— | 3-[1-Phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-[1,4]dioxane-2,6-dione | 58303-04-1 | C11H8O4 |
| —— | ethyl 4-methyl-7-oxo-5-phenyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carboxylate | 1399841-20-3 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | 5-Acetyl-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 59958-97-3 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,7aS)-4-Methyl-4-(1-trimethylsilanyloxy-vinyl)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 95682-39-6 | C14H24O3Si |
| —— | Desacetyl-dihydro-isotenulin-oxim | 23661-95-2 | C15H23NO4 |
| —— | 3a-methyl-2-phenyl-(3ar,6ac)-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,2-d]oxazol-5-one | 54819-22-6 | C12H11NO3 |
| —— | 4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2H-furan-5-one | 70450-64-5 | C6H6O4 |
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