内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Bis[(3-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl] propane-1,3-disulfonate | 1266341-73-4 | C15H24O10S2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS,8S,10aR)-8-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-methylene-octahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalen-3-one | 615249-14-4 | C19H32O3Si |
| —— | 60403-28-3 | C18H30O3 | |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one | 1073917-47-1 | C14H15NO5 |
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-3-[1-triisopropylsilanyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-oxetan-2-one | 128549-43-9 | C15H28O2Si |
| —— | δ-dodecalactone | 107736-77-6 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aR)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-phenylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-81-5 | C18H22O5 |
| —— | xestospongienes H | 1263368-17-7 | C15H22Br2O3 |
| —— | (4aR,7R,4'R)-4'-ethyl-5'-oxo-(4ar)-4,4a,5,6,3',4'-hexahydro-3H-spiro[cyclopenta[c]pyran-7,2'-furan]-4t-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 101499-75-6 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-Dihydro-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(iodomethyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 122622-89-3 | C13H25IO3Si |
| —— | (5S)-5-[3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl]oxolan-2-one | 110720-09-7 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | 4,6,6-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbaldehyde | 91005-41-3 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (R)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-[(R,E)-1-hydroxy-3-(tributylstannyl)allyl]-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one | 1057675-81-6 | C36H54O4SiSn |
| —— | 2,2-Diethyl-pentanoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79921-99-6 | C34H58O5Si |
| —— | (1S,3R)-3-{(1Z,3Z,5R,7R,8R,9E)-8-(2-{[(allyloxyl)carbonyl]amino}ethyl)-7-{[bis(allyloxy)phosphoryl]oxy}-10-[(2S,3S)-3-ethyl-6-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-5-hydroxy-8-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]deca-1,3,9-trienyl}cyclohexyl (6S)-6-methyloctanoate | 521274-48-6 | C47H76NO12PSi |
| —— | Adamantane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79902-38-8 | C36H56O5Si |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R)-4-Acetylamino-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 116297-53-1 | C10H15NO5 |
| —— | (4aΞ,5<i>R</i>,6Ξ,8aΞ)-5-ethyl-6-methoxy-hexahydro-pyrano[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyran-1-one | 2605-43-8 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | γ-Methyl-γ-n-propyl-paraconsaeure | 51820-72-5 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | exo-(+/-)-6-bromo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-one | 130505-94-1 | C6H7BrO2 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-3-{(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-[(2S,3S)-3-((1R,2S)-1-methyl-2-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-3,4-bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl}-but-3-enoic acid methyl ester | 96717-48-5 | C29H58O7Si3 |
| —— | <3aR-<3aα,4α(E),5β,6aα>>-Hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4-(3-oxo-1-octenyl)-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 90900-55-3 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | (3aα,4α,5β,6aα)-(-)-5-acetoxyhexahydro-4-(methoxymethyl)-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 56487-71-9 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 1-O-ethoxycarbonyl-3,4-O-isopropylidenequinide | 6037-18-9 | C13H18O7 |
| —— | (5R)-[(3’S, 3'aS, 7’S, 7’aR)-octahydro-7’-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3'a-methyl-1H-inden-3’a-methyl-1H-inden-3'-yl-(1''S)-ethyl]-3H,5H-furan-2-one | 1443043-85-3 | C22H40O3Si |
| —— | 4-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(3-hydroxyoctenyl)-3a,7a-dihydro-4H-thiopyrano<4,3-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 116013-09-3 | C18H26O5S |
| —— | 5-(Oxan-4-yl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolane-2,4-dione | 1384930-26-0 | C18H22O4 |
| —— | 3-Hexanoyl-3-phenylselanyl-4-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-tris-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 199588-37-9 | C37H68O6SeSi3 |
| —— | ethyl 4-bromotetrahydro-3-n-butyl-2-oxo-3-furancarboxylate | 73433-43-9 | C11H17BrO4 |
| —— | cis-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | 112423-38-8 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 1a,1b-Dimethyl-hexahydro-2-oxa-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-3-one | 103386-06-7 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 113762-81-5 | C15H20O5 | |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethyloct-7-ensaeurelacton | 26577-61-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (tricyclohexylphosphine)NiCH2CH2CH2COO | 82840-50-4 | C22H39NiO2P |
| —— | (+-)-4-hydroxy-3ξ-hydroxymethyl-3ξ-methyl-1-oxo-(4ar,8ac)-octahydro-4t,7t-cyclo-isochromene-8t-carboxylic acid | 859990-33-3 | C12H16O6 |
| —— | N-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide | 573931-02-9 | C17H20N2O4 |
| —— | 3-<β-(dimethylphenylsilyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone | 130752-82-8 | C14H20O2Si |
| —— | (3<i>R</i>)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 42217-83-4 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | S-methyl O-{(1R)-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl]ethyl} dithiocarbonate | 265307-97-9 | C9H14O3S2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7S,8S)-5-Oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>4,8</sup>]decane-6,10-dione | 91492-09-0 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | (3aR,7S,7aS)-3-Methylene-7-phenylselanyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 131165-57-6 | C15H16O2Se |
| —— | O<sup>3</sup>,O<sup>5</sup>-Dimethyl-D-mannono-1,4-lacton | 22314-36-9 | C8H14O6 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-methyl-4-bromomethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-74-4 | C8H7BrF6O2 |
| —— | (1'R*,2'R*,4'aS*,8'aR*)-2',3',4',4'a,6',7',8',8'a-Octahydro-5',5'-ethylenedioxy-2',4'a-dimethylspiro<furan-3(2H),1'(5'H)-naphthalene>-5(4H)-one | 69748-83-0 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-9,9-Ethylendioxy-5-hydroxy-decansaeurelacton | 30655-83-5 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (S)-3-methylene-5-cyclohexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 121842-19-1 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (E)-α-(2-methylbutylidene)-γ-butyrolactone | 66909-45-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (Z)-α-(2-methylbutylidene)-γ-butyrolactone | 66909-49-7 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-8-phenyl-octansaeurelacton | 108851-91-8 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid | 103025-72-5 | C14H16O4 |
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