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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— dihydro-3α-acetyl-5β-ethoxy-3β,4β-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H16O4
    dihydro-3α-acetyl-5β-ethoxy-3β,4β-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— [(1S,3R,5R,13S,14R,15R)-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-8-en-14-yl] acetate —— C22H32O5
    [(1S,3R,5R,13S,14R,15R)-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-8-en-14-yl] acetate
    —— [(1S,3S,4R,8R,13R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(1S,3S,4R,8R,13R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— methyl 2-[(1S,3S,5S,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate —— C27H36O7
    methyl 2-[(1S,3S,5S,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate
    —— (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— Pseudo-anisatin —— C15H22O6
    Pseudo-anisatin
    —— 4-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone —— C17H12O4
    4-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone
    —— methyl 2-[(1S,3S,5S,7S,8S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate —— C27H36O7
    methyl 2-[(1S,3S,5S,7S,8S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(1S,3S,8S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate —— C27H36O7
    methyl 2-[(1S,3S,8S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradeca-8,12-dien-2-one —— C15H20O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradeca-8,12-dien-2-one
    —— (1S,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-en-2-one —— C13H18O2
    (1S,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-en-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(1R,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1R,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5S)-5-[(E)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (5S)-5-[(E)-4-methylpent-2-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(4R,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C18H24O3
    (3S,5R)-5-[(4R,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(4S,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C18H24O3
    (3S,5R)-5-[(4S,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-3-ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-[(2R,3S)-3-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    4-hydroxy-5-[(2R,3S)-3-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-benzyl-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one —— C14H16O3
    (3S,4S)-4-benzyl-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-{2-[(Benzyloxy)methoxy]ethyl}dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C14H18O4
    (5S)-5-{2-[(Benzyloxy)methoxy]ethyl}dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,4S)-4-benzyl-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one —— C14H16O3
    (3R,4S)-4-benzyl-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (1R,4S,5S,6S,9R,10S,11R)-3-oxo-2-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    methyl (1R,4S,5S,6S,9R,10S,11R)-3-oxo-2-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodec-7-ene-5-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-bromo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxan-2-one —— C7H6BrF3O3
    (3R)-3-bromo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-bromo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxan-2-one —— C7H6BrF3O3
    (3S)-3-bromo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H6F2O3
    (3S)-3-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C11H16O2
    (1S,4S)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4R)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C11H16O2
    (1R,4R)-1-ethenyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 2-methyl-3-(5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylamino)carbonothioyl]propanamide —— C12H16N4O3S2
    2-methyl-3-(5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylamino)carbonothioyl]propanamide
    —— Prop-2-enyl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C13H18O4
    Prop-2-enyl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— Pentan-2-yl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H24O4
    Pentan-2-yl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-heptyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3S)-3-heptyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4-Tert-butylcyclohexyl) 5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C21H28O4
    (4-Tert-butylcyclohexyl) 5-oxo-2-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-[(2S)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O4
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-[(2S)-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— Tocris-1530 —— C24H36O6
    Tocris-1530
    —— (3S,3aR,4S,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3S,3aR,4S,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O3
    (3S,3aS,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3S,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione;hydrate —— C15H20O5
    (3S,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione;hydrate
    —— [(1R,3S,7S,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1R,3S,7S,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— Lopac-M-2537 —— C23H34O5
    Lopac-M-2537
    —— austricine 452070-37-0 C15H18O4
    austricine
    —— (1R,4R)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20ClNO3
    (1R,4R)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-butoxyethyl (1S,2S,3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C16H26O5
    2-butoxyethyl (1S,2S,3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4R)-N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H21N3O3
    (1R,4R)-N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3S,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H28N2O4
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (16S)-16-(4-chlorophenyl)-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione —— C21H25ClO3
    (16S)-16-(4-chlorophenyl)-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione
    —— (2S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C6H7O7-
    (2S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate