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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,4S)-4-ethyl-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 156767-63-4 C7H12O2
    (3S,4S)-4-ethyl-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— trans-β-methyl-γ-ethyl-γ-butyrolactone 34405-51-1 C7H12O2
    trans-β-methyl-γ-ethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-formyl-γ-butyrolactone sodium salt 54211-97-1 C5H5O3*Na
    α-formyl-γ-butyrolactone sodium salt
    —— 3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 5650-67-9 C7H8O2
    3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-Hexyl-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 395084-33-0 C10H18O3
    5-Hexyl-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl 2-diazo-3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsiloxy]-3-butenoate 183800-04-6 C16H26N2O5Si
    (R)-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl 2-diazo-3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsiloxy]-3-butenoate
    —— 10-methyl-1-oxacycloundecan-2-one 335382-73-5 C11H20O2
    10-methyl-1-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— 10-methylene-1-oxacycloundecan-2-one 335382-72-4 C11H18O2
    10-methylene-1-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— (Z)-10-(methoxymethylene)-1-oxacycloundecan-2-one 335382-75-7 C12H20O3
    (Z)-10-(methoxymethylene)-1-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-butyric acid tert-butyl ester 588728-39-6 C13H22O5
    3-hydroxy-4-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-butyric acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-butyric acid tert-butyl ester 588728-40-9 C19H36O5Si
    3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-(6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-butyric acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (2S,2'R,5'S)-5'-((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2,5'-dimethylhexahydro-[2,2'-bifuran]-5(2H)-one 1287262-56-9 C18H34O4Si
    (2S,2'R,5'S)-5'-((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2,5'-dimethylhexahydro-[2,2'-bifuran]-5(2H)-one
    —— S-(2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyl) ethanethioate 14222-41-4 C6H8O3S
    S-(2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyl) ethanethioate
    —— dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-cyano-2(3H)-furanone 144500-48-1 C7H9NO2
    dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-cyano-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 357933-30-3 C11H12O2
    4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-n-butyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 105015-53-0 C9H16O2
    (4R,5R)-5-n-butyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-bromo-furan-2,4-dione 1192-50-3 C4H3BrO3
    3-bromo-furan-2,4-dione
    —— 5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 117192-55-9 C6H4F6O2
    5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1391001-51-6 C12H11F3O2
    5-phenyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-diazo-2-phenylacetate 161260-74-8 C14H14N2O4
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-diazo-2-phenylacetate
    —— (Z)-{2-hydroxymethyl-4-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-5-oxo-2-2,3-dihydrofuryl}methyl methylsulfonate 862549-34-6 C18H32O6S
    (Z)-{2-hydroxymethyl-4-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-5-oxo-2-2,3-dihydrofuryl}methyl methylsulfonate
    —— (E)-{2-hydroxymethyl-4-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-5-oxo-2-2,3-dihydrofuryl}methyl methylsulfonate 862549-32-4 C18H32O6S
    (E)-{2-hydroxymethyl-4-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-5-oxo-2-2,3-dihydrofuryl}methyl methylsulfonate
    —— (3R,4S)-3,4-dimethylbutyrolactone 110171-22-7 C6H10O2
    (3R,4S)-3,4-dimethylbutyrolactone
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6S,7S)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-4-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1323991-02-1 C14H20Cl2O4
    (1S,4S,5R,6S,7S)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-4-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6R,7R)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-4-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1323991-03-2 C14H20Cl2O4
    (1S,4S,5R,6R,7R)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-4-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxynonyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one 897397-60-3 C47H64O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxynonyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-heptyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    4-heptyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4-octyloxetan-2-one 51758-17-9 C11H20O2
    4-octyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 65527-79-9 C5H8O2
    (3S)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-methyl-4-(2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-olide 58089-87-5 C13H12O5
    2-methyl-4-(2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-olide
    —— 2-methyl-4-(2-oxo-2,3,3a,6a-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta<b>furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-olide 79298-09-2 C13H12O5
    2-methyl-4-(2-oxo-2,3,3a,6a-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta<b>furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-olide
    —— (S)-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 61198-49-0 C11H12O2
    (S)-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-2-chloro-2-methyl-3-oxo-γ-butyrolacton 35587-72-5 C5H5ClO3
    (+/-)-2-chloro-2-methyl-3-oxo-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 3-methyl-3-(4-trimethylsilylphenylselenyl)-3H-dihydrofuran-2-one 850185-98-7 C14H20O2SeSi
    3-methyl-3-(4-trimethylsilylphenylselenyl)-3H-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-2-Methyl-4-oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one 67390-36-7 C10H12O2
    (+/-)-(1S*,2R*,6S*,7R*)-2-Methyl-4-oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 1192-42-3 C5H8O3
    4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbaldehyde 55341-13-4 C6H8O3
    3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (R)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 55254-35-8 C5H8O2
    (R)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— dihydro-3-(3-methylbutylidene)furan-2(3H)-one 3021-23-6 C9H14O2
    dihydro-3-(3-methylbutylidene)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-phenylselanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 65234-93-7 C11H12O2Se
    5-phenylselanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1r,3r,5r,7r)-3'H-spiro[adamantane-2,2'-furan]-5'(4'H)-one 74137-30-7 C13H18O2
    (1r,3r,5r,7r)-3'H-spiro[adamantane-2,2'-furan]-5'(4'H)-one
    —— 4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-dihydrofurran-2-one 168482-08-4 C8H13NO2
    4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-dihydrofurran-2-one
    —— 3-Chloro-4-phenyloxolan-2-one 73372-23-3 C10H9ClO2
    3-Chloro-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 82442-72-6 C7H10O2
    (1S,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-(trinitromethyl)butyric acid, γ-lactone 106896-82-6 C5H5N3O8
    4-hydroxy-3-(trinitromethyl)butyric acid, γ-lactone
    —— (1S,2R,6S,10S,11S)-10,11-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-4,7-dioxa-8-azatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecan-3-one 879558-97-1 C16H27NO5
    (1S,2R,6S,10S,11S)-10,11-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-4,7-dioxa-8-azatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecan-3-one
    —— β-tert-butylbutyrolactone 22530-95-6 C8H14O2
    β-tert-butylbutyrolactone
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbothioic S-acid 183119-58-6 C10H14O3S
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbothioic S-acid
    —— 3-(2-oxopropyl)butanolide 65331-00-2 C7H10O3
    3-(2-oxopropyl)butanolide
    —— 4,5-dihydro-4-nitromethyl-2(3H)-furanone 132354-20-2 C5H7NO4
    4,5-dihydro-4-nitromethyl-2(3H)-furanone