内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1-Trimethylsilanyloxy-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one | 62609-40-9 | C10H18O2Si |
| —— | (6R,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctan-2-one | 950479-36-4 | C17H34O4Si |
| —— | (1R,3R,5R,9R,13R)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,6,10,17-tetraoxatricyclo[11.3.1.11,5]octadecane-7,11-dione | 1160697-61-9 | C25H34O7 |
| —— | [(R)-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-oct-6-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852877-89-5 | C19H33NO4 |
| —— | (R)-5-benzyl-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1024613-11-3 | C18H28O3Si |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 122756-90-5 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | [(R)-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hept-6-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852944-80-0 | C18H31NO4 |
| —— | (3aR,7aS)-6-((R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-3a-carboxylic acid | 930795-18-9 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-3-allyl-6-isopropyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1226497-33-1 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 1-oxo-6a-carbomethoxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>furan | 86747-71-9 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (4R,6S,7S)-5,5,7-Trichloro-4,6-dihydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 65514-33-2 | C7H7Cl3O4 |
| —— | [(1S,3R)-3-methyl-1-((S)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hex-5-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852878-19-4 | C16H27NO4 |
| —— | octahydro-3-(chloromethyl)-2H-cyclohepta(b)furan-2-one | 97191-07-6 | C10H15ClO2 |
| —— | 2-Oxa-8-hydroxybicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 131323-52-9 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (3aR,6R,6aS)-6-(trimethylsilyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1383844-10-7 | C10H16O2Si |
| —— | (4R)-2-Phenylselenyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-ensaeure-1-->4-lacton | 60856-97-5 | C15H18O2Se |
| —— | 11,15,18,22-tetramethyl-1,8-dioxa-16,17-diazacyclotetracosa-15,17-diene-2,7-dione | 1338461-42-9 | C24H42N2O4 |
| —— | 4-(d11-Cyclohexyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 61129-25-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 4-(bromomethyl)-4-phenyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane | 141248-90-0 | C10H9BrO3 |
| —— | 2,6-dideoxy-hexonic acid-4-lactone | 24160-63-2 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | [(1R,4S,5S,7S,8R,9S)-4-acetyloxy-9-[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-8-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-oxo-5-[(2,2,2-trichloroacetyl)amino]-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl] acetate | 457643-86-6 | C20H26Cl3NO10 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-1,4,6-Trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one | 68826-29-9 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-(4-iodobutyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one | 1231765-68-6 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | 1196997-59-7 | C27H39F3O5 | |
| —— | [(1S,3R)-3-methyl-1-((2S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hept-6-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852878-53-6 | C18H31NO4 |
| —— | 3-allyl-3-methylfuran-2,4(3H,5H)-dione | 124706-44-1 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrocyclohepta[b]pyran-2-yl acetate | 1061335-71-4 | C18H20O4 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(2-methylhex-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321199-88-5 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 5-isopropoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 105273-66-3 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-(1-hydroxypropan-2-ylidene)furan-2(3H)-one | 1140920-01-9 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-4a(S)-hydroxy-5(S)-chloro-6(S)-hydroxyiminomethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 125234-08-4 | C31H54ClNO7Si |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,8aR,8bR)-7-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-2a,5a-dimethyl-3,4,5,5a,8a,8b-hexahydro-2aH-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione | 55047-43-3 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-oxo-5-(2-thienyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1312165-22-2 | C13H16O4S |
| —— | 3-Methyl-5-octyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 121442-30-6 | C14H26O2 |
| —— | (E)-4-nonylidene-3-octyloxetan-2-one | 872631-14-6 | C20H36O2 |
| —— | 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(1-iodobenzyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 96540-34-0 | C14H15IO4 |
| —— | 4-methyl-2-(2-phenylethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 99593-45-0 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)oxolan-2-one | 274902-11-3 | C9H8O2S |
| —— | 6-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 857808-91-4 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-{[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-methyl}-3-[1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1500059-43-7 | C27H36O4Si2 |
| —— | 3-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 899799-93-0 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5<<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-4-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 133328-92-4 | C13H23NO4 |
| —— | (S)-4-((2R,3S,5S)-3,5-Dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-3-oxo-pentanethioic acid S-ethyl ester | 69010-74-8 | C14H22O4S |
| —— | Dehydromicordilin | 61701-99-3 | C17H18O7 |
| —— | exo-1,2,3,6-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-phthalsaeure-anhydrid | 61122-05-2 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | D-glycero-D-talo-heptono-1,4-lactone | 60046-25-5 | C7H12O7 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-trans-3-propyl-4-iso-butyloxetan-2-one | 1057558-02-7 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4R,6R,9aR,9bS)-4-acetoxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,9a,9b-octahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl ester | 54785-12-5 | C19H22O6 |
| —— | rac-2-((1R,4S,5S)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-1-yl)acetaldehyde | 86534-68-1 | C12H15IO5 |
| —— | 5-iodo-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 18152-74-4 | C6H9IO2 |
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