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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8aR)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 79394-47-1 C19H28O3
    (4R)-6-[2-[(1S,2S,6R,8aR)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 6-[2-(2,6-Dimethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 86827-77-2 C19H30O3
    6-[2-(2,6-Dimethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-acetyl-5-butyldihydro- 40010-99-9 C10H16O3
    2(3H)-Furanone, 3-acetyl-5-butyldihydro-
    —— Deoxyvernolepin 59076-96-9 C15H16O4
    Deoxyvernolepin
    —— Artelin 66173-52-2 C15H18O5
    Artelin
    —— 2-Isobutyl-gamma-valerolactone 72845-84-2 C9H16O2
    2-Isobutyl-gamma-valerolactone
    —— 4-Butyl-4-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 72230-89-8 C10H18O2
    4-Butyl-4-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-Acetyldihydro-5-((2-propenyloxy)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone 72269-65-9 C10H14O4
    3-Acetyldihydro-5-((2-propenyloxy)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— Saudin 94978-16-2 C20H22O7
    Saudin
    —— 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C8H12O2
    2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— D-Glucuro-3,6-lactone 32449-92-6 C6H8O6
    D-Glucuro-3,6-lactone
    —— andilesin A 60451-43-6 C25H32O6
    andilesin A
    —— Andilesin C 72676-00-7 C25H32O5
    Andilesin C
    —— [(1S,2Z,4R,8R,9R,11S)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    [(1S,2Z,4R,8R,9R,11S)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (Z)-α-(1-chloropentylidene)-β-methyl-β-lactone 627526-65-2 C9H13ClO2
    (Z)-α-(1-chloropentylidene)-β-methyl-β-lactone
    —— Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-7,9b-dimethyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9aalpha,9balpha)- 104199-02-2 C14H16O3
    Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-7,9b-dimethyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9aalpha,9balpha)-
    —— Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9b-(methoxymethyl)-7-methyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9aalpha,9balpha)- 104199-04-4 C15H18O4
    Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9b-(methoxymethyl)-7-methyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9aalpha,9balpha)-
    —— DL-2-Fluor-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-valero-lacton 2266-56-0 C6H9FO3
    DL-2-Fluor-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-valero-lacton
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-isopropenyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 155224-30-9 C16H30O3Si
    (3R,4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-isopropenyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 155224-27-4 C13H26O3Si
    (4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-isopropylidene-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 155224-31-0 C16H30O3Si
    (4S,5R)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-isopropylidene-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-3-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 57741-67-0 C8H12O2
    4,4-dimethyl-3-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (S)-(-)-γ-Heptadecanolactone 107736-80-1 C17H32O2
    (S)-(-)-γ-Heptadecanolactone
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one 81357-34-8 C6H9IO3
    4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 90084-76-7 C7H9BrO2
    4-Bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4,5-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-vinyl-2(3H)furanon 66601-85-2 C7H10O3
    (4R,5S)-4,5-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-vinyl-2(3H)furanon
    —— Hecololacton 469-13-6 C27H42O5
    Hecololacton
    —— (3aS,6S,8aR)-6-chloro-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 121724-58-1 C9H11ClO2
    (3aS,6S,8aR)-6-chloro-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,7R)-4-[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-7-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyloxepan-2-one 159276-81-0 C19H30O3Si
    (3S,4R,7R)-4-[dimethyl-(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-7-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,7R)-7-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-4-(dimethyl-p-tolyl-silanyl)-3-methyl-oxepan-2-one 215110-74-0 C25H44O3Si2
    (3S,4R,7R)-7-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-4-(dimethyl-p-tolyl-silanyl)-3-methyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-methyl-5-[(1S,2R)-1,2,3-tris[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one 1253410-98-8 C26H56O5Si3
    (3R,5R)-3-methyl-5-[(1S,2R)-1,2,3-tris[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane 169532-07-4 C6H8O2
    (1S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane
    —— (E,2R,3R,4S)-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-6-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]hept-5-enal 1023949-92-9 C16H26O4
    (E,2R,3R,4S)-3-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-6-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]hept-5-enal
    —— (3Z)-3-(2-methylpropylidene)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 1037575-88-4 C14H16O2
    (3Z)-3-(2-methylpropylidene)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R,1'S)-5-(1'-methoxymethoxy-pentadecyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 865091-17-4 C21H40O4
    (5R,1'S)-5-(1'-methoxymethoxy-pentadecyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)dihydropyran-2,6-dione 758686-05-4 C10H10N2O4
    4-(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)dihydropyran-2,6-dione
    —— (6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 681180-20-1 C8H14O3
    (6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-1,4(3H)-dione, tetrahydro- 82093-34-3 C7H8O3
    1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-1,4(3H)-dione, tetrahydro-
    —— (S)-(-)-4-methylene-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid 444728-45-4 C6H6O4
    (S)-(-)-4-methylene-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid
    —— (4R,6S)-4,6-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 52949-99-2 C7H12O2
    (4R,6S)-4,6-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— methyl (2S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate 1201928-23-5 C7H8O4
    methyl (2S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (-)-(2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 518329-94-7 C11H18O4
    methyl (-)-(2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-6-iodo-3-(trimethylsilyl)hexan-5-olide 496944-42-4 C9H17IO2Si
    (3R,5S)-6-iodo-3-(trimethylsilyl)hexan-5-olide
    —— (3R,5S)-3-(trimethylsilyl)decan-5-olide 496944-30-0 C13H26O2Si
    (3R,5S)-3-(trimethylsilyl)decan-5-olide
    —— D-lyxo-Hept-6-enonic acid, 5,6,7-trideoxy-, I(3)-lactone 312308-51-3 C7H10O4
    D-lyxo-Hept-6-enonic acid, 5,6,7-trideoxy-, I(3)-lactone
    —— ethyl (Z)-2-((2aS,2a(1)R,5aS,8aR)-2a,5a-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-((triethylsilyloxy)methyl)-3,4,5,5a-tetrahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6(2aH,2a(1)H,8aH)-ylidene)acetate 1191942-12-7 C24H38O5Si
    ethyl (Z)-2-((2aS,2a(1)R,5aS,8aR)-2a,5a-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-((triethylsilyloxy)methyl)-3,4,5,5a-tetrahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6(2aH,2a(1)H,8aH)-ylidene)acetate
    —— methyl 13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-ene-19,6β-olide-12-oate 426219-83-2 C17H24O4
    methyl 13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-ene-19,6β-olide-12-oate
    —— 3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 123703-48-0 C14H18O4
    3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,3,6-trimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-1-one 5733-05-1 C10H16O2
    3,3,6-trimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-1-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-5-octanolide 148262-44-6 C9H16O2
    (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-5-octanolide