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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 765941-27-3 C22H46O4Si2
    (3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S,6R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 515868-84-5 C19H40O4Si2
    (4R,5S,6R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-allyl-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 470467-70-0 C16H30O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-allyl-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-n-heptanoic acid δ-lactone 3720-35-2 C8H14O3
    (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-n-heptanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 515868-91-4 C16H32O4Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl)propanal 515869-01-9 C16H30O4Si
    3-(4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl)propanal
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 515868-89-0 C14H28O4Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (6R)-6-(furan-3-yl)oxane-2,4-dione 255870-28-1 C9H8O4
    (6R)-6-(furan-3-yl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— dihydro-3-(2-propenyloxy)furan-2(2H)-one 189046-93-3 C7H10O3
    dihydro-3-(2-propenyloxy)furan-2(2H)-one
    —— 3-t-butylcarbamoyloxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 174889-91-9 C9H15NO4
    3-t-butylcarbamoyloxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Bromoprop-2-enoxy)oxolan-2-one 189046-54-6 C7H9BrO3
    3-(2-Bromoprop-2-enoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— α-(diphenyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)-butyrolactone 220352-27-2 C20H24O3Si
    α-(diphenyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)-butyrolactone
    —— α-methyl-β-pentyl-β-propiolactone 358681-70-6 C9H16O2
    α-methyl-β-pentyl-β-propiolactone
    —— (R)-δ-tetradecalactone 129263-76-9 C14H26O2
    (R)-δ-tetradecalactone
    —— (R)-δ-tetradecalactone 141980-54-3 C14H26O2
    (R)-δ-tetradecalactone
    —— 3,5-dihydroxy-3-n-pentadecylvaleric acid lactone 95249-47-1 C20H38O3
    3,5-dihydroxy-3-n-pentadecylvaleric acid lactone
    —— 3-hydroxy-3-n-pentadecylglutaric acid anhydride 95249-42-6 C20H36O4
    3-hydroxy-3-n-pentadecylglutaric acid anhydride
    —— (S)-2-acetoxy-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone 28387-34-0 C8H12O4
    (S)-2-acetoxy-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (RS)-2-acetoxy-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone 28227-35-2 C8H12O4
    (RS)-2-acetoxy-3,3-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] chloromethanesulfonate 182243-70-5 C7H11ClO5S
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] chloromethanesulfonate
    —— (3R)-(+)-2-methylglutaric anhydride 82924-07-0 C6H8O3
    (3R)-(+)-2-methylglutaric anhydride
    —— dehydro-L-ascorbic acid 111399-75-8 C6H6O6
    dehydro-L-ascorbic acid
    —— 4-methyl-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 50598-37-3 C11H12O2
    4-methyl-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pentylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 261357-31-7 C15H26O4
    (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pentylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4(R),5(S)-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 132343-12-5 C5H8O4
    4(R),5(S)-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-6-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 195132-49-1 C6H7Cl3O3
    (4R,6S)-4-Hydroxy-6-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-D-ribonolactone 1173700-29-2 C17H35FO4Si2
    2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-D-ribonolactone
    —— 2-deoxy-D-threo-pentono-1,4-lactone 78185-08-7 C5H8O4
    2-deoxy-D-threo-pentono-1,4-lactone
    —— (4S,5R)-5-azidomethyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2-one 1429476-36-7 C5H7N3O3
    (4S,5R)-5-azidomethyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2,5-dideoxy-5-iodo-D-ribonic acid-γ-lactone 82166-98-1 C5H7IO3
    2,5-dideoxy-5-iodo-D-ribonic acid-γ-lactone
    —— 2-deoxy-D-ribono1,4-lactone 34371-14-7 C5H8O4
    2-deoxy-D-ribono1,4-lactone
    —— 5-(2-amino-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 98548-87-9 C6H11NO2
    5-(2-amino-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 14α-acetoxy-19-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-andrographolide 1355018-51-7 C28H46O6Si
    14α-acetoxy-19-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-andrographolide
    —— (1S,5R,9S,10S)-10-triisopropylsilyloxy-3-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodec-7-ene-4-one 608534-75-4 C20H34O3Si
    (1S,5R,9S,10S)-10-triisopropylsilyloxy-3-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodec-7-ene-4-one
    —— <3S-<3α,5β(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-azidoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone 118041-20-6 C15H25N3O2
    <3S-<3α,5β(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-azidoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— <3S-<3α,5β(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-aminoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone 125816-10-6 C15H27NO2
    <3S-<3α,5β(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-aminoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (2aα,4aα,7aα,7bα)-octahydro-2-carbomethoxyindeno<7,1-bc>furan-2-one 120790-44-5 C12H16O4
    (2aα,4aα,7aα,7bα)-octahydro-2-carbomethoxyindeno<7,1-bc>furan-2-one
    —— 3-((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1454308-53-2 C11H19BO4
    3-((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 79645-45-7 C6H10O4
    3-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3aS,6R,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-6-phenylmethoxy-3,3a,4,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-one 143060-28-0 C14H16O5
    (3aS,6R,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-6-phenylmethoxy-3,3a,4,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-Methyl-7-phenyl-δ-heptanolide 144867-57-2 C14H18O2
    (3S,5R)-3-Methyl-7-phenyl-δ-heptanolide
    —— 4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 98558-96-4 C8H12O4
    4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— [3aR-[3aα,4α(1E,3R*),5β,6aα]]-hexahydro-5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-4-[[[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyl-1-octenyl]-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 84556-02-5 C29H56O4Si2
    [3aR-[3aα,4α(1E,3R*),5β,6aα]]-hexahydro-5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-4-[[[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyl-1-octenyl]-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— anti-rac-5-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H12O3
    anti-rac-5-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [(R)-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-phenylmethyl] methanesulfonate 1068141-92-3 C12H14O5S
    [(R)-[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-phenylmethyl] methanesulfonate
    —— (1R,5R,8S)-8-((Z)-5-Phenylselanyl-pent-2-enyl)-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 174095-86-4 C18H22O2Se
    (1R,5R,8S)-8-((Z)-5-Phenylselanyl-pent-2-enyl)-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (S)-5-((S)-azido(phenyl)methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1068141-88-7 C11H11N3O2
    (S)-5-((S)-azido(phenyl)methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2,3,6-trideoxy-6-fluoro-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone 152714-91-5 C6H9FO3
    2,3,6-trideoxy-6-fluoro-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-2-triethylsilanyloxy-propionaldehyde 462099-55-4 C19H38O5Si2
    (2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-2-triethylsilanyloxy-propionaldehyde
    —— 3a,4,5,11a-tetrahydrobenzo<5,6>cyclo-octa<1,2-c>furan-1(3H)-one 128040-19-7 C14H14O2
    3a,4,5,11a-tetrahydrobenzo<5,6>cyclo-octa<1,2-c>furan-1(3H)-one