内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-ethoxy-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 3494-92-6 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 3-O-acetyl-2,5,6-trideoxy-D-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 79580-67-9 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | [(2S,3S,4S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-86-1 | C25H32O5Si |
| —— | 128260-88-8 | C18H24O5 | |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-Allyl-4-tert-butoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 140694-51-5 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,6,6-trimethylcyclopenta<c>pyran-3(4H)-one | 126753-72-8 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5R,6aR)-4,5-Dihydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 55298-31-2 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,4S,8R)-8-acetyl-4,6-dibromo-3'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct[5]ene-2,2'-furan]-3,5'(4'H)-dione | 1399009-81-4 | C14H14Br2O5 |
| —— | methyl 2-(benzylthiomethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl-acetate | 90363-31-8 | C17H20O4S |
| —— | 5-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 55558-07-1 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (8R,9R)-8-Formyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,8</sup>]dodecane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 59104-46-0 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 82207-84-9 | C14H15BO4 | |
| —— | 2-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methylamide | 69336-97-6 | C6H9NO3 |
| —— | ent-13-acetoxy-10β-hydroxy-1α-iodo-16-oxo-17,20-bisnorgibberellane-7,19-dioic acid 7-methyl ester 19,10-lactone | 160776-39-6 | C21H25IO7 |
| —— | bis-(2,4,5-trioxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-methane | 34457-83-5 | C9H4O8 |
| —— | Hexahydrobudlein A-acetat | 60147-82-2 | C22H30O8 |
| —— | (-)-(1R,5R)-6-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2,7-dioxa-6-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-3-one | 939823-62-8 | C11H17NO5 |
| —— | (Z)-3-(3'-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)propylideneoxolan-2-one | 172472-92-3 | C13H24O3Si |
| —— | 3-O-acetyl-5,6-didehydro-2,5,6-trideoxy-D-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 79580-66-8 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | 6-Trimethylsilanyloxy-3-(1-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-3,4-dihydro-pyran-2-one | 134923-84-5 | C14H28O4Si2 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6S)-7,7-Dimethoxy-4,6-dimethylheptan-5-olide | 132125-12-3 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-methyl-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1140912-44-2 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (4aS,5R,6R)-5-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one | 15216-25-8 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1<i>S</i>)-10-{3-[acetyl-(4-acetylamino-butyl)-amino]-propyl}-2<i>exo</i>-ethyl-3-oxa-10-aza-bicyclo[4.3.1]decan-4-one | 67294-12-6 | C21H37N3O4 |
| —— | (3aR,8S,8aS)-3-Methylene-8-phenylselanyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 131165-60-1 | C16H18O2Se |
| —— | 5,5-diethyl-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one | 134178-42-0 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 3,3,7,8-Tetramethyl-9-oxo-10-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>dec-1-en | 41437-64-3 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-4-Ethoxy-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 70870-97-2 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S,2S,4R,5R)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-ylcarbamate | 1334880-44-2 | C12H18INO4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R,6R)-Dihydro-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 118975-03-4 | C9H16O4 |
| —— | (S)-4,4-dichloro-3-isopropylisoxazolidin-5-one | 1301708-25-7 | C6H9Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 6-azido-2,6-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 767343-94-2 | C6H9N3O4 |
| —— | Trifluoro-acetic acid (1R,4R,5R)-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl ester | 201993-84-2 | C9H9F3O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1101254-75-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-5-(1-methyl-butyl)-4-propyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione | 96909-84-1 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | (4Z,9Z)-Oxacycloundeca-4,9-diene-2,7-dione | 58597-79-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 5-ethoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 38134-44-0 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (3aR,7S,8S,8aS)-7-Hydroxy-8-iodo-3-methylene-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 60916-81-6 | C10H13IO3 |
| —— | 2-trimethylsilanylmethyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 17865-04-2 | C9H16O3Si |
| —— | (3aS,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 127232-02-4 | C23H28O3Si |
| —— | 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O,N-carbonylidene-5-deoxy-1,5-imino-α-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate | 297730-79-1 | C15H17Cl3N2O9 |
| —— | 82656-37-9 | C13H20O4 | |
| —— | 145397-99-5 | C11H17IO2 | |
| —— | 9-Methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 139294-53-4 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 10,11-diphenyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[7.2.0]undecane-2,8-dione | 25804-58-4 | C21H20O4 |
| —— | (S)-5-cyclopentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1101254-81-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (2S,6S,7S,9S,15R)-15-{(2S,5R,6R,8S)-8-[(S)-2-(Benzothiazole-2-sulfonyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-benzyloxy-10-methyl-1,7-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undec-10-en-2-ylmethyl}-15-methyl-2,9-diphenyl-1,8,13,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadecan-14-one | 220690-91-5 | C53H59NO10S2 |
| —— | d7-(+/-)-γ-dodecalactone | 1104979-35-2 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-5-methyl-6-[2-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxyethyl]oxan-2-one | 947321-13-3 | C17H34O3Si |
| —— | (1S,7S)-1-Methyl-4-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>decane-5,10-dione | 114611-47-1 | C10H14O3 |
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