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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione 1345687-82-2 C8H10O3
    2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione
    —— 4-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 36679-80-8 C11H12O3
    4-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 1,2-Dimethylcyclobutan-1,2-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid 64197-93-9 C8H10O3
    1,2-Dimethylcyclobutan-1,2-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid
    —— 5aα,6,7,8,8aβ-Hexahydro-3,6,6,8bβ-tetramethyl-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-2-one 127461-16-9 C15H20O2
    5aα,6,7,8,8aβ-Hexahydro-3,6,6,8bβ-tetramethyl-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-2-one
    —— 3-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 39764-80-2 C6H10O3
    3-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— α-Acetyl-γ-hexyl-butyrolacton 3620-21-1 C12H20O3
    α-Acetyl-γ-hexyl-butyrolacton
    —— (4S,5S)-5-((2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-4-enyl)-4-triethylsilanyloxydihydrofuran-2-one 865872-27-1 C16H30O4Si
    (4S,5S)-5-((2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-4-enyl)-4-triethylsilanyloxydihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-5-((S)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1440524-31-1 C12H24O3Si
    (R)-5-((S)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-(benzyloxymethoxy)-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1440524-28-6 C14H18O4
    (5R,6S)-5-(benzyloxymethoxy)-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (S)-6-phenyl-γ-hexalactone 112607-23-5 C12H14O2
    (S)-6-phenyl-γ-hexalactone
    —— (4R,5S)-5-Butyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C10H18O4
    (4R,5S)-5-Butyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— echinosporin 79127-35-8 C10H9NO5
    echinosporin
    —— seco-plakortolide E 1353566-42-3 C24H38O4
    seco-plakortolide E
    —— (4R,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-[(E)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propenyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 244612-46-2 C20H40O4Si2
    (4R,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-[(E)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propenyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 1-bromo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one 1632155-68-0 C5H5BrO2
    1-bromo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one
    —— 3,4-dibromo-3-(1-bromobutyl)-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 109765-94-8 C8H11Br3O2
    3,4-dibromo-3-(1-bromobutyl)-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— epi-cryptocaryolone 1263430-69-8 C12H20O5
    epi-cryptocaryolone
    —— ethyl 7-methylene-3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>octane-1-carboxylate 133472-45-4 C11H14O4
    ethyl 7-methylene-3-oxa-2-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>octane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-bromo-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 33693-68-4 C5H7BrO2
    3-bromo-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4'-(1-Methylethyl)spiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one> 135638-71-0 C12H16O2
    4'-(1-Methylethyl)spiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one>
    —— 3-Bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-4-(1-methylethyl)-1-oxetan-2-one 135638-68-5 C7H10Br2O2
    3-Bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-4-(1-methylethyl)-1-oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 152580-54-6 C15H19NO4
    (3S,4R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 266694-04-6 C16H21NO4
    (2S,3S,4R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-2-benzyl-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 266694-05-7 C22H25NO4
    (2S,3S,4R)-2-benzyl-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— [(2R,3S,4S)-5-Oxo-2-phenyl-4-(3-phenyl-propyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 266694-07-9 C24H29NO4
    [(2R,3S,4S)-5-Oxo-2-phenyl-4-(3-phenyl-propyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [(2R,3S)-4-(1-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1027465-24-2 C24H29NO5
    [(2R,3S)-4-(1-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (R)-9-((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-10,10-dimethyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithia-spiro[4.5]decan-7-one 153033-48-8 C15H24O4S2
    (R)-9-((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)-10,10-dimethyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithia-spiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— 3,5,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucono-1,4-lactone 73209-95-7 C9H16O6
    3,5,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucono-1,4-lactone
    —— tridec-5-en-4-olide 129908-60-7 C13H20O2
    tridec-5-en-4-olide
    —— tridec-5Z-en-4-olide 129908-61-8 C13H22O2
    tridec-5Z-en-4-olide
    —— (1R,4S,5S)6,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxabicyclo(3,1,0)hexan-2-one 79026-47-4 C7H10O3
    (1R,4S,5S)6,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxabicyclo(3,1,0)hexan-2-one
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-enyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1375003-54-5 C9H14O4
    (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-enyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-butyrolactone 78344-33-9 C6H10O3
    3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-butyrolactone
    —— 4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 62120-42-7 C6H8O3
    4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— (4S,6R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 374688-99-0 C12H24O4Si
    (4S,6R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-2-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabino-1,4-lactone 260364-24-7 C16H32O5Si2
    (2S,3R,4R)-3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-2-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabino-1,4-lactone
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-furan-2,4-dione 130469-62-4 C7H10O4
    3-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (-)-simplactone B 252722-15-9 C7H12O3
    (-)-simplactone B
    —— (4R,5R)-5-ethyltetrahydro-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2H-2-pyranone 957866-62-5 C9H16O4
    (4R,5R)-5-ethyltetrahydro-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2H-2-pyranone
    —— (2S,2'S,5'R)-(R)-5'-Oxiranyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one 749917-42-8 C10H14O4
    (2S,2'S,5'R)-(R)-5'-Oxiranyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one
    —— litsenolide A1 38965-57-0 C17H28O3
    litsenolide A1
    —— 3-<(α-methylamino)ethylidene>-2H-pyran-2-one 86921-69-9 C8H13NO2
    3-<(α-methylamino)ethylidene>-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-5,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl bromide 502897-35-0 C11H15BrO3
    (1R,5R)-5,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl bromide
    —— 4(R*)-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy-5(S*)-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 137360-04-4 C22H28O3Si
    4(R*)-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy-5(S*)-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 1-Oxa-spiro[5.6]dodecan-2-one 96517-21-4 C11H18O2
    1-Oxa-spiro[5.6]dodecan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 1258022-83-1 C6H9BrO2
    3-methyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-Ethoxy-4-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 78920-26-0 C9H16O3
    5-Ethoxy-4-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-carbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-44-2 C8H12O4
    3-carbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-acetoxy-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-10-2 C9H14O4
    3-acetoxy-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-40-8 C10H16O4
    3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one