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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (6R,4'S)-6-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-6-undecyltetrahydropyran-2-one 521065-46-3 C21H38O4
    (6R,4'S)-6-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-6-undecyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2S,4S)-(-)-cis-4-methyl-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid 88218-42-2 C6H8O4
    (2S,4S)-(-)-cis-4-methyl-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-tetradecyl-4-O-acetyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 120199-44-2 C21H38O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-tetradecyl-4-O-acetyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-O-acetyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 78278-27-0 C23H42O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-O-acetyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydro-2-(3H)-furanone 78278-25-8 C21H40O3
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydro-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— (2R,2S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethyl-2-methyl-2-(pent-3-ynyl)-γ-butyrolactone 1048341-64-5 C17H30O3Si
    (2R,2S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethyl-2-methyl-2-(pent-3-ynyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-Methyl-1,4-oxarsepan-7-one 87993-15-5 C6H11AsO2
    4-Methyl-1,4-oxarsepan-7-one
    —— (3S)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 326889-42-3 C5H8O3
    (3S)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (-)-4α-(1',1',1'-tribromomethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo-(3.1.0)-hex-2-one 87305-03-1 C8H9Br3O2
    (-)-4α-(1',1',1'-tribromomethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo-(3.1.0)-hex-2-one
    —— cis-caronic anhydride 67911-21-1 C7H8O3
    cis-caronic anhydride
    —— (1R,4R,5S)-(-)-6,6-Dimethyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-3-oxobicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 72843-77-7 C8H9Cl3O2
    (1R,4R,5S)-(-)-6,6-Dimethyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-3-oxobicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— 3-(Imidazolidin-2-ylidene)oxolan-2-one 89810-13-9 C7H10N2O2
    3-(Imidazolidin-2-ylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[2-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl]dihydrofuran-2-one 319493-66-8 C12H13ClO2
    5-[2-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl]dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 90625-87-9 C9H14N2O2
    3-(2-imidazolidinylidene)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-valerolacton 89599-37-1 C6H10O3
    2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-valerolacton
    —— (3S,5R,7R)-3,5,7-trimethyloxepan-2-one 335160-23-1 C9H16O2
    (3S,5R,7R)-3,5,7-trimethyloxepan-2-one
    —— α-(1-methylethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone 24186-31-0 C7H10O2
    α-(1-methylethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether of (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 106183-57-7 C11H22O4Si
    5-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether of (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,5R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E)-5-[(2S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-3-methylidenepent-1-enyl]-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylidene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 153879-63-1 C26H42O5Si
    (1R,3S,5R)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E)-5-[(2S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-3-methylidenepent-1-enyl]-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylidene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (R)-(-)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-4-butanolide 95791-05-2 C7H10O4
    (R)-(-)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-4-butanolide
    —— 5-(2-aminoethyl)-3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 914483-51-5 C10H19NO2
    5-(2-aminoethyl)-3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 194476-26-1 C9H14O6
    (3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pentylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 261357-32-8 C15H26O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pentylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-4-heptylidene-3-hexyl-oxetan-2-one 167493-60-9 C16H28O2
    (Z)-4-heptylidene-3-hexyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3-formyl-2-methyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetate 147808-58-0 C10H14O5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3-formyl-2-methyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetate
    —— (S)-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy-methyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one 158465-92-0 C9H16O5
    (S)-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy-methyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 1044510-83-9 C12H18O2
    —— 3-decyloxetan-2-one 1431838-11-7 C13H24O2
    3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-Decyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxy-nonyl)-3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one 206359-70-8 C25H50O3Si
    (3R,4S)-3-Decyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxy-nonyl)-3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxytridecyl]-3-hexyloxetan-2-one 1197399-35-1 C28H56O3Si
    4-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxytridecyl]-3-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5Z)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-tetradecen-4-olide 147618-20-0 C14H24O4
    (2S,3R,4S,5Z)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-tetradecen-4-olide
    —— (Z)-5-(1-decenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 64691-68-5 C14H24O2
    (Z)-5-(1-decenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-Benzyloxan-2-one 10413-14-6 C12H14O2
    5-Benzyloxan-2-one
    —— (S)-(+)-5-(dec-1-ynyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 72151-70-3 C14H22O2
    (S)-(+)-5-(dec-1-ynyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-5-(dec-1-ynyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 72151-69-0 C14H22O2
    (R)-(-)-5-(dec-1-ynyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 81247-56-5 C9H16O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-δ-undecalactone 108861-12-7 C11H20O2
    (R)-δ-undecalactone
    —— 5-[(3E)-hexa-3,5-dienyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one 203789-69-9 C11H14O2
    5-[(3E)-hexa-3,5-dienyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl)oxolan-2-one 91075-10-4 C11H14O2
    5-(2-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Methyl<tetrahydropyran-3-spirocyclopentane>-4,6-dione 88377-36-0 C10H14O3
    2-Methyl<tetrahydropyran-3-spirocyclopentane>-4,6-dione
    —— 2-bromo-3,5-O-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone 142329-74-6 C17H35BrO4Si2
    2-bromo-3,5-O-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-bromo-3,5-O-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone 142329-75-7 C17H35BrO4Si2
    2-bromo-3,5-O-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone
    —— (E,4S,5S)-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-undecylidenefuran-2(3H)-one 1349521-46-5 C16H28O3
    (E,4S,5S)-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-undecylidenefuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)pentadecan-1,4-olide 145073-71-8 C21H42O3Si
    5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)pentadecan-1,4-olide
    —— (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-nonyl-2(3H)-furanone 214214-02-5 C13H24O3
    (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-nonyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-[3-(3-Heptyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)propyl]oxolan-2-one 1082071-02-0 C17H29NO3
    5-[3-(3-Heptyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 138433-75-7 C21H26O4Si
    (4S,5R)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-5-methyltetronic acid 5457-19-2 C5H6O3
    (R)-5-methyltetronic acid
    —— 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-D-ribonolactone 175020-66-3 C37H44O4Si2
    2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-D-ribonolactone
    —— (5S)-3,4-dihydro-5-nonyl-2(5H)-furanone 107736-78-7 C13H24O2
    (5S)-3,4-dihydro-5-nonyl-2(5H)-furanone