内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (2aα,4aα,7β,7aα,7bα)-2,2a,4a,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-2a-methoxy-6-methyl-7-<(triethoxysilyl)oxy>-4H-furo<2,3,4-cd>benzofuran-4-one | 116137-63-4 | C17H28O5Si |
| —— | 2-Diazo-propionic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 161260-73-7 | C9H12N2O4 |
| —— | (R)-3-((dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)oxy)-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1508320-01-1 | C14H20O3Si |
| —— | (S)-3-((R)-2-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-hex-5-enenitrile | 81525-23-7 | C10H13NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-4a-hydroxy-(4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>t</i>)-decahydro-naphthalene-1<i>c</i>,2<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid-1-lactone | 105475-45-4 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-((S)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1381848-69-6 | C27H38O4Si |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-3-(2-hydroxy-ethylsulfanyl)-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-7-methyl-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 158391-07-2 | C26H44O6S |
| —— | 77912-59-5 | C19H28O3S2 | |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102717-36-2 | C29H44O5Si2 |
| —— | (1'S,3R,5S)-5-(1'-azidopropyl)-3-benzyldihydrofuran-2-one | 331821-86-4 | C14H17N3O2 |
| —— | 1384156-01-7 | C11H16Br2O2 | |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-methyl-4-<3-oxo-butyl>-tetrahydrofuran-carbonsaeure-(5) | 99173-68-9 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5β,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dibutyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-23-6 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)pentadecyl)-3-hexyloxetan-2-one | 1151391-96-6 | C30H60O3Si |
| —— | rac-(3aR,5aR,8aR,8bR)-4-ethyl-5a,7,7,8a-tetramethyl-1-methylene-2,3,5a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H,6H-3a,8b-methano-as-indacene | 123750-15-2 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-6-(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 132435-64-4 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 5-methylsulfanyl-3-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-9-en-4-one | 114251-10-4 | C11H16O2S |
| —— | 1,4-bis-(trioxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-benzene | 105839-07-4 | C14H6O8 |
| —— | 4(R),5(S),8(S)-4-acetoxy-8-{2-[3-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl)-2(S),3(R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl]-1(S)-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl}-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one | 676252-01-0 | C27H48O7Si |
| —— | 3,3'-bis(p-tolyl)-3a,6a-dihydro-4-oxospiro[isoxazolino-5',6-isoxazolo[3,4-c]furanone] | 292605-27-7 | C21H18N2O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4S,4'R)-4'-(1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)but-3-enyl)-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[5]ene-2,3'-furan]-2'-one | 1384477-58-0 | C20H32O3Si |
| —— | 9-iodo-9-methyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 145397-89-3 | C12H17IO2 |
| —— | 8,8-Dimethyl-3a,5,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2,4-dione | 220468-46-2 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | anti-9-Hydroxybicyclo<3.2.2>nonan-exo-6-carbonsaeurelacton | 120263-67-4 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6S,7R,10S)-10-hydroxy-1-iodo-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,8-trioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-9-one | 138480-14-5 | C9H11IO5 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5aS,9aR,9bS)-4-Methoxymethoxy-5a-vinyl-octahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione | 66556-56-7 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | ethyl (2S,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate | 681179-40-8 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 131758-88-8 | C15H17F3O5 | |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>tetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furanacetaldehyde | 168788-45-2 | C27H36O4Si |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-3-azido-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1596350-50-3 | C18H37N3O4Si2 |
| —— | 5-Mesyl-2,4-benzyliden-D-glucuron-dibenzylmercaptal | 121965-62-6 | C28H28O7S3 |
| —— | (S)-4-Hydroxy-6-((1R,2R)-1-methyl-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-hex-5-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 139278-23-2 | C21H40O4Si |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>hepta-6-en-2-on | 59664-82-3 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5aR,9aS,9bR)-3a-Hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylene-decahydro-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 131189-91-8 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,5aR,9aS,9bR)-3a-Hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylene-decahydro-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 131189-90-7 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-3-[3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 189047-17-4 | C15H28O4Si |
| —— | (+/-)-9ξ-Brom-8c-hydroxy-4-oxo-(1rC<sup>8</sup>)-bicyclo<3.2.2>nonen-(2)-dicarbonsaeure-(6c,7c)-lacton-(7,8) | 100953-78-4 | C12H11BrO5 |
| —— | (4S)-4-[(3S,3aS,6R,7R,7aS)-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl]pentanal | 116425-72-0 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | 10α-Hydroxy-1α-hydroxymethyl-1β,4aα-dimethyl-8-methylen-gibban-1aα-carbonsaeure-10a,1α-lacton | 1161-98-4 | C20H28O3 |
| —— | 1266343-29-6 | C23H36O10S2 | |
| —— | 3-n-Undecyl-5-Hydroxy-3,4-Dihydro-Furan-2-One | 149429-84-5 | C15H28O3 |
| —— | 9α-Chlor-11α-methyl-17α.20;20.21-bis-methylendioxy-pregnen-(4)-ol-(11β)-on-(3) | 118871-10-6 | C24H33ClO6 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-benzyl-4-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-γ-butyrolactone | 368867-81-6 | C16H21NO4 |
| —— | 2-(1'-Decyn-1'-yl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzofuran-4-one | 139722-22-8 | C18H26O2 |
| —— | ethyl (3aS,4S,5S,7aS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-propyl-6-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-4-carboxylate | 1579293-65-4 | C24H42O5Si |
| —— | (2E,5S,6E,9R)-5-hydroxy-12-((2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxptetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-9-((triethylsilyl)oxy)dodeca-2,6-dienal | 1458062-49-1 | C24H42O5Si |
| —— | 3,4-diiodo-2-methyl-[2,3'-bifuran]-5(2H)-one | 1401693-37-5 | C9H6I2O3 |
| —— | [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] carbamate | 105748-54-7 | C7H11NO4 |
| —— | 3,6,10,10-Tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one | 105912-56-9 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-1.1.4ar-Trimethyl-8ξ-hydroxy-(4btH)-8at-carboxymethyl-tetrahydro-phenan-thren-lacton | 10178-89-9 | C19H30O2 |
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