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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-norbornane-1-carboxylic acid methylamide —— C11H17NO3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-norbornane-1-carboxylic acid methylamide
    —— 6,7-Epoxy-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1h-2-benzopyran-1-one —— C10H12O5
    6,7-Epoxy-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1h-2-benzopyran-1-one
    —— 3-Methyl-3,5-amino-4-vinyl-2-pyrone —— C8H13NO2
    3-Methyl-3,5-amino-4-vinyl-2-pyrone
    —— 6-Hydroxy-10-propyloxecan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    6-Hydroxy-10-propyloxecan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)spiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C18H18O5
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)spiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 9-[2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O6
    9-[2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 4-[2-(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    4-[2-(3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadec-15-en-7,9,11-triynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C21H26O3
    3-Hexadec-15-en-7,9,11-triynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(hex-1-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H16O2
    5-(hex-1-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 13,18-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,17-dione —— C22H28O6
    13,18-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,17-dione
    —— 15-Hydroxy-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),2,4-trien-6-one —— C30H40O6
    15-Hydroxy-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),2,4-trien-6-one
    —— Nephrosteransaure —— C17H30O4
    Nephrosteransaure
    —— 13-Methyl-8-methylidene-4,10-dioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.02,5.07,11]pentadeca-1,13-diene-3,9-dione —— C15H14O4
    13-Methyl-8-methylidene-4,10-dioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.02,5.07,11]pentadeca-1,13-diene-3,9-dione
    —— [5'-(Furan-3-yl)-2',6-dioxo-3-(2-oxopropyl)spiro[4,7,8,9-tetrahydrocycloocta[c]furan-5,3'-oxolane]-9-yl] acetate —— C22H22O8
    [5'-(Furan-3-yl)-2',6-dioxo-3-(2-oxopropyl)spiro[4,7,8,9-tetrahydrocycloocta[c]furan-5,3'-oxolane]-9-yl] acetate
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H16O5
    5-(3-Hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H18O6
    5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-4-(1-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— α-Butyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure 14001-10-6 C9H14O4
    α-Butyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure
    —— 2-[4-[5-Methyl-5-(2-methylbutyl)furan-2-ylidene]-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]acetic acid —— C16H20O6
    2-[4-[5-Methyl-5-(2-methylbutyl)furan-2-ylidene]-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]acetic acid
    —— 19-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-ethyl-5,10-dihydroxy-7-oxa-11,21-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1,3,9,13,15(20),17,21-heptaene-6,16-dione —— C23H23N3O5
    19-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-ethyl-5,10-dihydroxy-7-oxa-11,21-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1,3,9,13,15(20),17,21-heptaene-6,16-dione
    —— 8-Hydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione —— C29H38O5
    8-Hydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6-trimethylspiro[2,4,5,6-tetrahydroindene-7,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C20H26O4
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6-trimethylspiro[2,4,5,6-tetrahydroindene-7,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— 4,7-Dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O4
    4,7-Dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 2-(2-Oxo-6-propyloxan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-(2-Oxo-6-propyloxan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O3
    4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride 681467-42-5 C10H14O4
    2-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride
    —— 13-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-3-yl)-8-hydroxy-6,6,10-trimethyl-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadec-4-ene-7,15-dione —— C20H26O6
    13-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-3-yl)-8-hydroxy-6,6,10-trimethyl-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadec-4-ene-7,15-dione
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(phenylethynyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C17H18O3
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(phenylethynyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— 5-Heptadec-8-enyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C21H38O3
    5-Heptadec-8-enyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadecylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C21H38O4
    3-Hexadecylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 5,13,17,17-Tetramethylspiro[12,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.6.1.01,11.02,10.018,21]henicosa-5,13-diene-9,2'-oxirane]-15-one —— C24H32O4
    5,13,17,17-Tetramethylspiro[12,16-dioxapentacyclo[12.6.1.01,11.02,10.018,21]henicosa-5,13-diene-9,2'-oxirane]-15-one
    —— lovastatin 83213-71-2 C24H36O5
    lovastatin
    —— 2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl Ester —— C24H36O6
    2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl Ester
    —— 3-Acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    3-Acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-[2-(5-Methoxy-1,2,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C20H32O3
    4-[2-(5-Methoxy-1,2,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3-Methyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-8-yl)methyl acetate —— C17H22O5
    (3-Methyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-8-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 8-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.05,9]tridec-9-en-11-one —— C15H20O3
    8-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.05,9]tridec-9-en-11-one
    —— 16-Methyl-14-oxa-6-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,6.02,13]heptadeca-8,10-dien-15-one —— C16H21NO2
    16-Methyl-14-oxa-6-azatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,6.02,13]heptadeca-8,10-dien-15-one
    —— 3-(2,3-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-5-dec-9-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 62949-81-9 C23H46O4Si2
    3-(2,3-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-5-dec-9-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4,5,9,9,12,12,16,22,23-Nonamethyl-11,13,27-trioxaheptacyclo[20.3.2.01,21.04,20.05,17.08,16.010,14]heptacos-20-en-26-one —— C33H50O4
    4,5,9,9,12,12,16,22,23-Nonamethyl-11,13,27-trioxaheptacyclo[20.3.2.01,21.04,20.05,17.08,16.010,14]heptacos-20-en-26-one
    —— 14-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8,8,11,20,21-heptamethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosane-17,19-dione —— C30H48O4
    14-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8,8,11,20,21-heptamethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosane-17,19-dione
    —— 8-Chloro-12-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-13,14,17-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C23H27ClO7
    8-Chloro-12-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-13,14,17-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 2,8-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]tridecan-11-one —— C15H22O4
    2,8-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]tridecan-11-one
    —— 5-Ethenyl-2,9-dihydroxy-5,10-dimethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.01,10.02,7.011,13]heptadec-6-ene-8,16-dione —— C20H24O5
    5-Ethenyl-2,9-dihydroxy-5,10-dimethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.01,10.02,7.011,13]heptadec-6-ene-8,16-dione
    —— Sapidolide A 182191-87-3 C14H18O5
    Sapidolide A
    —— (10-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-7-yl) acetate —— C17H22O6
    (10-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-7-yl) acetate
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-2-octyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid —— C15H24O5
    2-(4-Hydroxy-2-octyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
    —— Methyl 6-ethylidene-7-oxo-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate —— C11H12O5
    Methyl 6-ethylidene-7-oxo-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— 10-Hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9,9,13,19,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-18-en-23-one —— C30H46O4
    10-Hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9,9,13,19,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-18-en-23-one
    —— 6-(Furan-3-yl)-5,10,14,14-tetramethyl-15,19-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.01,16.02,10.05,9]icos-8-ene-11,18-dione —— C26H32O5
    6-(Furan-3-yl)-5,10,14,14-tetramethyl-15,19-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.01,16.02,10.05,9]icos-8-ene-11,18-dione