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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5,8,13-Trihydroxy-6,8,14,18-tetramethyl-2,15-dioxatetracyclo[12.2.2.01,12.04,11]octadec-4-ene-3,9,16-trione —— C20H26O8
    5,8,13-Trihydroxy-6,8,14,18-tetramethyl-2,15-dioxatetracyclo[12.2.2.01,12.04,11]octadec-4-ene-3,9,16-trione
    —— 6-(3-Hydroxypentan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H20O4
    6-(3-Hydroxypentan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 9-Methylspiro[16-oxatricyclo[12.2.1.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),4,9-triene-17,2'-oxirane]-3,6,15-trione —— C18H18O5
    9-Methylspiro[16-oxatricyclo[12.2.1.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),4,9-triene-17,2'-oxirane]-3,6,15-trione
    —— 3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 9-Hydroxy-6,10,14,15,22-pentamethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacos-9-ene-8,25-dione —— C29H38O5
    9-Hydroxy-6,10,14,15,22-pentamethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacos-9-ene-8,25-dione
    —— 3-Dodec-9-en-11-ynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H24O3
    3-Dodec-9-en-11-ynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1b,6,8-Trihydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexahydrospiro[2,5-methanooxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d]oxepine-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2h)-one —— C15H18O7
    1b,6,8-Trihydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexahydrospiro[2,5-methanooxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d]oxepine-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2h)-one
    —— 9,10,12-Trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H28O4
    9,10,12-Trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 9-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-7-en-13-one —— C15H20O4
    9-Hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-methylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-7-en-13-one
    —— 4,7,8-Trihydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,4,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O5
    4,7,8-Trihydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,4,6,7,8a,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4,12-Dimethyl-6-oxatetracyclo[6.5.1.02,4.05,14]tetradec-11-ene-7,13-dione —— C15H18O3
    4,12-Dimethyl-6-oxatetracyclo[6.5.1.02,4.05,14]tetradec-11-ene-7,13-dione
    —— (3-Hydroxy-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H22O7
    (3-Hydroxy-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 8-Methyl-3-methylidene-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadeca-11,13(16)-diene-4,14-dione —— C15H14O5
    8-Methyl-3-methylidene-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadeca-11,13(16)-diene-4,14-dione
    —— Methyl 16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-8,15,17-trioxospiro[7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,10]octadeca-4,10-diene-18,2'-oxirane]-1-carboxylate —— C26H32O8
    Methyl 16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-8,15,17-trioxospiro[7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,10]octadeca-4,10-diene-18,2'-oxirane]-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O4
    4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-prop-2-enyl-6-(triphenylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C27H28O4Si
    4-Hydroxy-3-prop-2-enyl-6-(triphenylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 10,11-Dihydroxy-4,5,8,13,19,20-hexamethyl-9-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-23-one —— C30H46O4
    10,11-Dihydroxy-4,5,8,13,19,20-hexamethyl-9-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosan-23-one
    —— 2-(2-Oxo-5-undecyloxolan-3-yl)acetic acid —— C17H30O4
    2-(2-Oxo-5-undecyloxolan-3-yl)acetic acid
    —— 5,6,8-trihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O5
    5,6,8-trihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-icosa-11,13-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C25H40O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-icosa-11,13-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[10-(3,6-Dihydro-1,2-dioxin-3-yl)decylidene]-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C19H30O5
    3-[10-(3,6-Dihydro-1,2-dioxin-3-yl)decylidene]-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [6-(4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.0.04,8]decan-9-yl] acetate —— C22H32O7
    [6-(4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.0.04,8]decan-9-yl] acetate
    —— 5a-Ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione —— C15H20O5
    5a-Ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— 8-Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-(2-methylbut-2-enoxy)-14-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-13-one —— C19H26O5
    8-Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-(2-methylbut-2-enoxy)-14-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-13-one
    —— 12-Hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylidene-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C15H16O6
    12-Hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylidene-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 8-[2-(7-Hydroxy-6-methylidene-2-oxo-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C20H28O4
    8-[2-(7-Hydroxy-6-methylidene-2-oxo-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 5-Nonyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 92371-64-7 C14H24O4
    5-Nonyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 15-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-5,14-dione —— C20H24O4
    15-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-5,14-dione
    —— Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-10,11,14,17-tetrahydroxy-5,15-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.02,11.05,10.012,17]octadecan-18-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C26H34O10
    Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-10,11,14,17-tetrahydroxy-5,15-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.02,11.05,10.012,17]octadecan-18-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— 8-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O4
    8-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— [13-(Furan-3-yl)-6,6,10-trimethyl-7,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadecan-8-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C24H32O7
    [13-(Furan-3-yl)-6,6,10-trimethyl-7,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatricyclo[9.4.0.01,3]pentadecan-8-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 3-Hexadecyl-4-methoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C22H42O3
    3-Hexadecyl-4-methoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5,5,9-Trimethyl-14-oxo-15-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecan-17-yl)methyl acetate —— C22H34O4
    (5,5,9-Trimethyl-14-oxo-15-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecan-17-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 3-Dodec-7-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H30O3
    3-Dodec-7-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Dodecanoyl-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C19H34O3
    3-Dodecanoyl-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 12-Ethenyl-2-hydroxy-5,12-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,11-dioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodec-5-ene-4,10-dione —— C15H16O5
    12-Ethenyl-2-hydroxy-5,12-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,11-dioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodec-5-ene-4,10-dione
    —— 5-(3-Furyl)-2a',5'-dihydroxy-8b'-(hydroxymethyl)-7'-methyldodecahydrospiro[furan-3,6'-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan]-2-one 1332765-40-8 C20H26O7
    5-(3-Furyl)-2a',5'-dihydroxy-8b'-(hydroxymethyl)-7'-methyldodecahydrospiro[furan-3,6'-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan]-2-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-14-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one —— C20H28O5
    7-Hydroxy-14-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-8-[1-[3-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-methyloxocan-2-one —— C19H32O6
    4-Hydroxy-8-[1-[3-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— 9-Hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione —— C15H16O5
    9-Hydroxy-8-methyl-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione
    —— 4,8,10-Trimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,5'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C17H24O4
    4,8,10-Trimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,5'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— [6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-5-en-2-ylidene]methyl acetate —— C22H32O4
    [6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-5-en-2-ylidene]methyl acetate
    —— [6-[5-Acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-3a-methyl-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate —— C42H56O17
    [6-[5-Acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-3a-methyl-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxybut-3-en-2-yl)-2,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo[5.2.0]nonan-3-one —— C15H24O3
    5-(2-Hydroxybut-3-en-2-yl)-2,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo[5.2.0]nonan-3-one
    —— 8,9-Dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O5
    8,9-Dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 11-Hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C17H22N2O3S2
    11-Hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 7-Ethyl-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-14-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-5-oxa-13-azatricyclo[11.2.1.02,6]hexadecane-4,8,16-trione —— C22H31NO7
    7-Ethyl-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-14-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-5-oxa-13-azatricyclo[11.2.1.02,6]hexadecane-4,8,16-trione
    —— 7a-methoxy-3-methylidene-4,7-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,2-c]pyran-6-one —— C9H12O4
    7a-methoxy-3-methylidene-4,7-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,2-c]pyran-6-one
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-11-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O4
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-11-hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 4-Pent-2-enyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    4-Pent-2-enyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one