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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Ethenyl-1,3,9,11,11-pentamethyl-2,6,13-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.05,16.010,14]hexadecane-7,12-dione —— C20H28O5
    3-Ethenyl-1,3,9,11,11-pentamethyl-2,6,13-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.05,16.010,14]hexadecane-7,12-dione
    —— 16-(4,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),2,4-trien-6-one —— C30H40O6
    16-(4,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),2,4-trien-6-one
    —— N-[10-(3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)-4,6-dimethylundeca-3,5,7-trien-2-yl]-2-methoxypent-2-enamide —— C26H41NO4
    N-[10-(3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)-4,6-dimethylundeca-3,5,7-trien-2-yl]-2-methoxypent-2-enamide
    —— 5-Methyl-3,8-dimethylidene-3a,5a,6,7,8a,8b-hexahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2-one —— C14H16O2
    5-Methyl-3,8-dimethylidene-3a,5a,6,7,8a,8b-hexahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-2-[1-[4-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)butyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2H-furan-5-one —— C18H27NO4
    4-methyl-2-[1-[4-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)butyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H28O2
    7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (2S)-2-Methylbutanoic Acid (1S,6R,7R,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl Ester 81093-44-9 C23H34O6
    (2S)-2-Methylbutanoic Acid (1S,6R,7R,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl Ester
    —— 6-Acetyl-12-hydroxy-6,11-dimethyl-4,8-dioxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,7]tridecane-3,9-dione —— C15H20O6
    6-Acetyl-12-hydroxy-6,11-dimethyl-4,8-dioxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,7]tridecane-3,9-dione
    —— 6-(2-furyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C13H16O4
    6-(2-furyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— (8-hydroxy-3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-yl)methyl 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O5
    (8-hydroxy-3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-yl)methyl 2-methylpropanoate
    —— Methyl 2-(13-acetyl-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl)acetate —— C25H34O7
    Methyl 2-(13-acetyl-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl)acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)oxan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3,3'-[Iminobis(methylene)]bis-2(3H)furanone 96562-86-6 C10H15NO4
    3,3'-[Iminobis(methylene)]bis-2(3H)furanone
    —— 4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one —— C10H14O4
    4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one
    —— 3,8,8,14-Tetramethyl-21-methylidene-7,18-dioxahexacyclo[12.7.1.02,12.03,9.012,20.016,20]docos-4-ene-6,17,22-trione —— C25H30O5
    3,8,8,14-Tetramethyl-21-methylidene-7,18-dioxahexacyclo[12.7.1.02,12.03,9.012,20.016,20]docos-4-ene-6,17,22-trione
    —— 5-[5-[7-(Furan-3-yl)-4-methyl-2-oxohept-4-enyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C22H30O5
    5-[5-[7-(Furan-3-yl)-4-methyl-2-oxohept-4-enyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4,13-Dihydroxy-4,5,14-trimethyl-7,10-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,9.05,13]tetradecane-3,8-dione —— C15H20O6
    4,13-Dihydroxy-4,5,14-trimethyl-7,10-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,9.05,13]tetradecane-3,8-dione
    —— 8-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,11-diene-4,13-dione —— C15H18O5
    8-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,11-diene-4,13-dione
    —— 3-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C15H22N2O3S
    3-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-11-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-2-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-12-one —— C20H28O5
    7-Hydroxy-11-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-2-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-12-one
    —— 6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H16O2
    6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3a,4-dihydroxy-6,8b-dimethyl-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[e][2]benzofuran-3,7-dione —— C13H16O5
    3a,4-dihydroxy-6,8b-dimethyl-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[e][2]benzofuran-3,7-dione
    —— 6-(Hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O3
    6-(Hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C13H14N2O4S
    3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— (3,6,12,13,15-Pentaacetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C36H50O16
    (3,6,12,13,15-Pentaacetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione 35416-66-1 C8H10O4
    tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione
    —— 10-Chloro-6,7-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C14H21ClO3
    10-Chloro-6,7-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— 9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10-dihydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O5
    9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10-dihydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 10,11,13-Trihydroxy-4,5,10,14,21-pentamethyl-7,25-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.06,8.09,14]pentacos-21-en-24-one —— C28H40O6
    10,11,13-Trihydroxy-4,5,10,14,21-pentamethyl-7,25-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,19.04,18.05,15.06,8.09,14]pentacos-21-en-24-one
    —— 4a,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one —— C9H12O5
    4a,5,6-Trihydroxy-7-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H18O6
    5-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (1a(2)R,4a(2)aR,6a(2)aS,7a(2)R,9a(2)aS)-4a(2),4a(2)a,6a(2)a,7a(2),8a(2),9a(2)-Hexahydro-7a(2)-hydroxy-8a(2),8a(2)-dimethyl-2a(2)-oxospiro[oxirane-2,1a(2)(2a(2)H)-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran]-5a(2)-carboxylic acid 70206-77-8 C15H18O6
    (1a(2)R,4a(2)aR,6a(2)aS,7a(2)R,9a(2)aS)-4a(2),4a(2)a,6a(2)a,7a(2),8a(2),9a(2)-Hexahydro-7a(2)-hydroxy-8a(2),8a(2)-dimethyl-2a(2)-oxospiro[oxirane-2,1a(2)(2a(2)H)-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran]-5a(2)-carboxylic acid
    —— 1-Hydroxy-6-methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one —— C20H30O3
    1-Hydroxy-6-methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one
    —— 5,13-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O5
    5,13-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 9-Methyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one 88559-57-3 C8H12O2S2
    9-Methyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one
    —— Methyl 2-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetate —— C16H24O5
    Methyl 2-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetate
    —— [12-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-methyl-13-oxo-8,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-7-yl] acetate —— C22H28O7
    [12-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-methyl-13-oxo-8,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-7-yl] acetate
    —— Methyl 2-methyl-5-(4-methyl-9-methylidene-13-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-14-yl)pent-2-enoate —— C21H30O5
    Methyl 2-methyl-5-(4-methyl-9-methylidene-13-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-14-yl)pent-2-enoate
    —— 6-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    6-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— <3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-cyclohexyl-(1)>-malonsaeure-dilacton 5988-79-4 C13H18O4
    <3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-cyclohexyl-(1)>-malonsaeure-dilacton
    —— 3-Hexadec-7-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H38O3
    3-Hexadec-7-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1,16-Dimethyl-8,14-dioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.02,11.05,9.016,20]icosa-2(11),5,9-triene-7,15-dione —— C20H22O4
    1,16-Dimethyl-8,14-dioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.02,11.05,9.016,20]icosa-2(11),5,9-triene-7,15-dione
    —— 13-(4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)tridec-2-enal —— C18H28O4
    13-(4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)tridec-2-enal
    —— homoterpenylmethylketone 4436-81-1 C10H16O3
    homoterpenylmethylketone
    —— [3,4,12,13-Tetraacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-15-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C38H54O16
    [3,4,12,13-Tetraacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-15-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 9,9a-Dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O4
    9,9a-Dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— [(8-Methyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl] acetate —— C16H20O5
    [(8-Methyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-7-yl)-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl] acetate
    —— 3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde —— C12H16O3
    3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-Methyl-4-[3-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]but-2-enal —— C15H18O3
    3-Methyl-4-[3-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]but-2-enal
    —— 3,7-dimethylspiro[2,3,7,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalene-8,5'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C15H20O2
    3,7-dimethylspiro[2,3,7,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalene-8,5'-oxolane]-2'-one