内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | cis-1-methoxy-6-methyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-2-en-8-one | 116608-70-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5α,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dibutyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-25-8 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | 138883-45-1 | C20H20O7 | |
| —— | (2R,3R)-3-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-γ-butyrolactone | 160114-65-8 | C11H22O4Si |
| —— | (+/-)-2-oxo-(4a<i>r</i>)-octahydro-3<i>t</i>,8a<i>t</i>-ethano-chromene-4<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 132858-80-1 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-C-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 136265-74-2 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | 5(R)-bromo-6-cycloheptyl-2(S)-isopropyl-4(S)-hexanolide | 118041-17-1 | C16H27BrO2 |
| —— | ethyl (3aS,4S,7aR)-7-methyl-3-oxo-6-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-4-carboxylate | 1579293-60-9 | C21H36O5Si |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S,6R)-3-Oxo-5-(3-phenyl-propyl)-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 59130-39-1 | C17H20O4 |
| —— | (2aRS,3SR,8aRS,8bSR)-methyl 3-bromo-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-2-oxo-1-oxa-acenaphthene-3-carboxylate | 122458-03-1 | C13H15BrO4 |
| —— | 10-hydroxy-7-oxo-16-nor-10β-rosane-15,19-dioic acid-19-lactone | 107927-06-0 | C19H26O5 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-δ-butyloxy-γ-hydroxy-valerolacton | 83368-09-6 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | Trifluoro-acetic acid 8,16-dimethyl-2,5,10,13-tetraoxo-11-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetoxy)-1,9-dioxa-cyclohexadec-3-yl ester | 78174-85-3 | C20H22F6O10 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)oxolan-2-one | 121103-90-0 | C25H34O6Si |
| —— | 5-[1-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]cyclopropyl]-3-cyclopropyl-2,5-dihydro-1,4-oxazin-6-one | 873065-96-4 | C27H33NO3Si |
| —— | 3-methyl-6-(1-methylpropyl)-caprolactone | 136493-70-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | (4R)-dihydro-4-<(1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl>furan-2(3H)-one | 139301-77-2 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 8-iodo-10-phenyloxecan-2-one | 114783-97-0 | C15H19IO2 |
| —— | diethyl (R)-3-methyl-4-methylene-3-((S)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)cyclopentane-1,1-dicarboxylate | 1233027-58-1 | C17H24O6 |
| —— | 5-((E)-1-Chloro-propenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100067-02-5 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | N-[3-(Acetyl-benzyloxy-amino)-propyl]-2-(4-{[3-(acetyl-benzyloxy-amino)-propylcarbamoyl]-methyl}-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-acetamide | 83948-66-7 | C31H40N4O9 |
| —— | 3-Oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5,exo-6-diamin-bis(trifluoracetat) | 82313-40-4 | 2C2HF3O2*C7H10N2O2 |
| —— | 5,5,9-trimethyl-2-(2'-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-2-one | 112894-95-8 | C16H29NO2 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid lactone | 421555-41-1 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 2-amino-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-2-en-4-one | 23780-94-1 | C12H20N2O2 |
| —— | (1R,3R,5S,8S)-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-methylene-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 851791-18-9 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 6-(1,3-bis-methylsulfanyl-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 92490-92-1 | C10H18O2S2 |
| —— | (1R,3S,6E,10R,13S,14R,17R)-13-hydroxy-3,10,14-trimethyl-16-oxatricyclo[8.6.1.013,17]heptadec-6-ene-5,15-dione | 1065475-06-0 | C19H28O4 |
| —— | 2-((2R,3S,4S)-4-Iodo-2-octyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-2-phenylselanyl-propionic acid tert-butyl ester | 124929-01-7 | C25H37IO4Se |
| —— | 1-(4-hexyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 59647-55-1 | C15H25NO3 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-Hydroxy-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 114801-61-5 | C25H46O5Si |
| —— | 2,7-Dioxatetracyclo<7.1.1.1<sup>4,6</sup>.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-3,8-dion | 87121-91-3 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | (S)-4-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 72165-48-1 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 9-hydroxy-3,3,6,10-tetramethyl-5,6,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-6,9-methano-pyrano[3,4-d]oxepin-1,8-dione | 109340-93-4 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (R)-6-(bromomethyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1261280-19-6 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | 8-[1,3]dithian-2-ylmethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 53320-26-6 | C12H18O2S2 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(1S,2R)-1-iodo-2-methylhexyl]-4-methyloxan-2-one | 193331-90-7 | C13H23IO2 |
| —— | rac-(3aR,5aR,8aR,8bR)-4,5a,7,7,8a-pentamethyl-1-methylene-2,3,5a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H,6H-3a,8b-methano-as-indacene | 123675-72-9 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 85699-65-6 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-Aethyl-4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-buttersaeure-lacton | 4258-20-2 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 6-[(E)-3-methylsulfanylbut-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 109387-83-9 | C10H16O2S |
| —— | 5-chloro-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 68970-39-8 | C5ClF7O2 |
| —— | (Z)-7-((1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-Methylsulfanylmethylsulfanylmethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-hept-5-enoic acid methylsulfanylmethyl ester | 119694-89-2 | C18H30O3S3 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R,7R)-8-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-8-ene-3,5-dione | 101968-21-2 | C17H26O4Si |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(2S,4R,6R)-4,6-Bis-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-henicosyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129005-52-3 | C58H86O6Si2 |
| —— | dihydro-5-ethyl-4-(phenylseleno)-2(3H)-furanone | 123883-82-9 | C12H14O2Se |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>)-1,3-dibenzyl-6<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yloxy)-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-<i>d</i>]imidazole-2,4-dione | 27979-04-0 | C25H26N2O6 |
| —— | 2,7-dibromo-2,7-dideoxy-D-glycero-L-gluco-heptono-1,4-lactone | 171073-63-5 | C7H10Br2O5 |
| —— | vitexifolin D | 351427-21-9 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-2-((S)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-hexanal | 173864-74-9 | C27H36O4Si |
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