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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C7H12O3
    (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-[7-Oxo-oxepan-(2Z)-ylidene]-propionaldehyde 77136-85-7 C9H12O3
    2-[7-Oxo-oxepan-(2Z)-ylidene]-propionaldehyde
    —— (3S,5R)-5-{[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyl}-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one 1402460-98-3 C24H28O3Si
    (3S,5R)-5-{[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyl}-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3, 4-seco-ursan-12-en-28-oic acid 3, 4 lactone 1198208-30-8 C30H46O4
    4-hydroxy-3, 4-seco-ursan-12-en-28-oic acid 3, 4 lactone
    —— {4-[(2-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-butyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 860495-51-8 C14H26N2O4
    {4-[(2-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-butyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 99865-09-5 C11H12O2
    4-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-methylene]-4-propyl-oxetan-2-one 1207177-02-3 C13H24O2Si
    (Z)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-methylene]-4-propyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 4,4,5-trimethyl-3a,6a-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 852659-11-1 C10H14O2
    4,4,5-trimethyl-3a,6a-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 12-Oxadispiro<4.1.4.3>tetradecan-13-one 77520-34-4 C13H20O2
    12-Oxadispiro<4.1.4.3>tetradecan-13-one
    —— 2,4-Dioxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde 172505-30-5 C5H4O4
    2,4-Dioxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (4aS,7aS)-1,1,4a,6,6-pentamethyl-5,7a-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3,7-dione 97424-10-7 C13H20O3
    (4aS,7aS)-1,1,4a,6,6-pentamethyl-5,7a-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3,7-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 80248-70-0 C7H12O3
    4-Hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R*,5R*)-5-<(E)-3,5-Hexadienyl>-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanon 104132-30-1 C11H16O2
    (3R*,5R*)-5-<(E)-3,5-Hexadienyl>-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanon
    —— 3-methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one 52978-85-5 C10H14O2
    3-methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— tetrahydro-5-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one 62618-74-0 C11H12O2
    tetrahydro-5-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+)-heteroplexisolide E 1158090-86-8 C13H18O3
    (+)-heteroplexisolide E
    —— (4R,5S)-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 154914-16-6 C9H12O2
    (4R,5S)-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3E,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-bromo-2-methylprop-2-enyl]-3-(4-oxopentylidene)oxolan-2-one 1380432-43-8 C13H17BrO3
    (3E,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-bromo-2-methylprop-2-enyl]-3-(4-oxopentylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,6,8a,8b-Tetrahydro-1,2,2a,8b-tetramethyl-4-oxo-2aH-cyclobuta<c><2>benzopyran-8a-carbonsaeure 80673-58-1 C16H18O4
    4,6,8a,8b-Tetrahydro-1,2,2a,8b-tetramethyl-4-oxo-2aH-cyclobuta<c><2>benzopyran-8a-carbonsaeure
    —— (+/-)-4-ethyl-2-<(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl>-5-pentanolide 157405-05-5 C11H18O4
    (+/-)-4-ethyl-2-<(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl>-5-pentanolide
    —— (3aR,8aS)-Octahydro-cyclohepta[c]furan-1-one —— C9H14O2
    (3aR,8aS)-Octahydro-cyclohepta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (+/-)-4-Ethyl-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)methyl)-5-pentanolide 157405-06-6 C13H22O4
    (+/-)-4-Ethyl-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)methyl)-5-pentanolide
    —— 9-phenyl-7-oxaspiro<5.4>decan-8-one 77197-78-5 C15H18O2
    9-phenyl-7-oxaspiro<5.4>decan-8-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-δ-valerolactone 130625-91-1 C7H12O4
    (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 8-Nitro-oxacycloundecan-2-one 84246-82-2 C10H17NO4
    8-Nitro-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— (E)-10-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid lactone 41980-03-4 C10H16O2
    (E)-10-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid lactone
    —— (1<i>R</i>)-1,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,6-dione 5760-70-3 C8H10O4
    (1<i>R</i>)-1,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,6-dione
    —— 4-methyl-3-(2',2'-dibromovinyl)-γ-valerolactone 68697-68-7 C8H10Br2O2
    4-methyl-3-(2',2'-dibromovinyl)-γ-valerolactone
    —— 4,5-Dimethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one 20050-18-4 C7H10O2
    4,5-Dimethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,6R)-tetrahydro-6-(2-cyanoethyl)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 916489-16-2 C15H16FNO2
    (4S,6R)-tetrahydro-6-(2-cyanoethyl)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— rac-(3aR,6aR)-3-methylenehexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 61747-55-5 C8H10O2
    rac-(3aR,6aR)-3-methylenehexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 103708-53-8 C7H12O3
    4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— anti-8-(diazoacetyl)-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-en-7-one 116137-54-3 C10H10N2O3
    anti-8-(diazoacetyl)-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-en-7-one
    —— 1-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexancarbolacton 64326-18-7 C8H12O2
    1-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexancarbolacton
    —— 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-1-one 1449662-42-3 C15H23BO4
    8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-1-one
    —— 5S-(1S-hydroxy-6-trimethylsilylhex-5-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 628687-59-2 C13H22O3Si
    5S-(1S-hydroxy-6-trimethylsilylhex-5-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-(Ethoxymethyl)-3-pentyloxolan-2-one 61103-81-9 C12H22O3
    5-(Ethoxymethyl)-3-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-oxo-glutaric acid-anhydride 98954-66-6 C9H12O4
    2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-oxo-glutaric acid-anhydride
    —— 5-(Ethoxymethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one 61103-82-0 C10H18O3
    5-(Ethoxymethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (S)-6-((S)-((R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)(hydroxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 107751-36-0 C11H18O5
    (S)-6-((S)-((R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)(hydroxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4E,8E)-4,8-dimethyl-4,8-decadien-10-olide 86578-98-5 C12H18O2
    (4E,8E)-4,8-dimethyl-4,8-decadien-10-olide
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one 86597-76-4 C8H12O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 85115-48-6 C7H12O4
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Acetyl-5-[(pentyloxy)methyl]oxolan-2-one 81840-73-5 C12H20O4
    3-Acetyl-5-[(pentyloxy)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-(Iodomethyl)hexanolide 145147-77-9 C7H11IO2
    6-(Iodomethyl)hexanolide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-7-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-heptanolide 69172-25-4 C14H17ClO3
    3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-7-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-heptanolide
    —— Methyl 4,4-dichloro-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate 76617-41-9 C6H6Cl2O4
    Methyl 4,4-dichloro-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— <1S-<1α,3α,7β,8β(2S<sup>*</sup>,4S<sup>*</sup>)8aβ>>-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-<2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl>-1-naphthalenyl benzeneacetate 79902-50-4 C27H34O5
    <1S-<1α,3α,7β,8β(2S<sup>*</sup>,4S<sup>*</sup>)8aβ>>-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-<2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl>-1-naphthalenyl benzeneacetate
    —— 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-bromo-7-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-heptanolide 69172-24-3 C14H16BrClO3
    3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-bromo-7-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-heptanolide
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-5-[(Z)-1-decenyl]furan-2(3H)-one 64726-91-6 C14H24O2
    4,5-Dihydro-5-[(Z)-1-decenyl]furan-2(3H)-one