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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-oxaspiro[2.5]octan- 4-one 22566-31-0 C7H10O2
    5-oxaspiro[2.5]octan- 4-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-[(E,1R)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 132537-54-3 C11H16O3
    (3S,4R)-3-[(E,1R)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 143169-57-7 C6H6O4
    (1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
    —— (3S,4R)-3-[(1R,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylselanylbutyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 163223-25-4 C17H22O3Se
    (3S,4R)-3-[(1R,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylselanylbutyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylselanylpropyl]oxolan-2-one 163223-29-8 C13H16O3Se
    (4R)-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylselanylpropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-Allyl-3-<(E)-crotonyl>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 132537-59-8 C11H14O3
    (3S,4R)-4-Allyl-3-<(E)-crotonyl>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-[(4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl]acetaldehyde 81525-27-1 C9H12O3
    2-[(4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (3S,4R)-Dihydro-3-<(1S,2E)-1-hydroxy-2-butenyl>-4-<(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(phenylseleno)propanyl>-2(3H)-furanone 163380-33-4 C17H22O4Se
    (3S,4R)-Dihydro-3-<(1S,2E)-1-hydroxy-2-butenyl>-4-<(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(phenylseleno)propanyl>-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aR,7R,9aR)-3a,6,7,9a-Tetrahydro-7-methylcycloocta<c>furan-1,5(3H,4H)-dione 132537-56-5 C11H14O3
    (3aR,7R,9aR)-3a,6,7,9a-Tetrahydro-7-methylcycloocta<c>furan-1,5(3H,4H)-dione
    —— (4R)-4-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylselanylpropyl]oxolan-2-one 163223-30-1 C13H16O3Se
    (4R)-4-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylselanylpropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-Dihydro-3-<(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-2-butenyl>-4-<(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(phenylseleno)propanyl>-2(3H)-furanone 163223-31-2 C17H22O4Se
    (3S,4R)-Dihydro-3-<(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-2-butenyl>-4-<(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(phenylseleno)propanyl>-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,4R)-3-[(E,1S)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 132618-30-5 C11H16O3
    (3S,4R)-3-[(E,1S)-1-hydroxybut-2-enyl]-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;oxolan-2-one 63833-87-4 C8H19N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;oxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-[(1E,3E)-dodeca-1,3-dienyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 908336-42-5 C17H28O2
    (R)-5-[(1E,3E)-dodeca-1,3-dienyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1E,3E)-dodeca-1,3-dienyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 908336-43-6 C18H30O3
    (5R)-5-[(1E,3E)-dodeca-1,3-dienyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-dimethoxymethyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydrofuran-2-one 1309233-62-2 C13H16O4
    (4R,5S)-4-dimethoxymethyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 85254-48-4 C10H10O4
    (2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— [(5S,8R,9S,9aR)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[2-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]ethyl]-5-methyl-2-oxo-4,5,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzoxepin-6-yl]methyl formate 828915-86-2 C29H46O5Si2
    [(5S,8R,9S,9aR)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-9-[2-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]ethyl]-5-methyl-2-oxo-4,5,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzoxepin-6-yl]methyl formate
    —— 5-benzyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 671247-53-3 C13H14O2
    5-benzyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-pentyloxolan-2-one 295796-50-8 C10H18O3
    3-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— tetrahydro-4-(phenylmethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 162551-47-5 C12H14O2
    tetrahydro-4-(phenylmethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 2408-25-5 C6H8O3
    5-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— (3R,5S)-3-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,5,6-trihydroxyhexanoic acid δ-lactone 91312-57-1 C12H24O4Si
    (3R,5S)-3-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,5,6-trihydroxyhexanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— 2-pentyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride 56384-03-3 C10H16O3
    2-pentyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride
    —— (4S,5R)-4-(bromomethyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 791630-22-3 C10H17BrO2
    (4S,5R)-4-(bromomethyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-pentyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 179797-11-6 C10H16O4
    (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-pentyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 791630-21-2 C10H18O3
    (4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(phenylselanylmethyl)oxan-2-one 121772-42-7 C12H14O3Se
    (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(phenylselanylmethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6R,1'R,2'E)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-(4'-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1'-ethylcarbonylamino-3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-6-prop-2''-enyltetrahydropyran-2-one 162612-01-3 C30H57NO5Si2
    (3S,4S,5R,6R,1'R,2'E)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-(4'-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1'-ethylcarbonylamino-3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-6-prop-2''-enyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 36555-25-6 C10H18O3
    (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-trans-4-<t-butyl(diphenyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 116627-67-9 C22H27IO3Si
    (4R,6S)-trans-4-<t-butyl(diphenyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 121843-08-1 C6H10O3
    (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 7-Methyloct-6-en-4-olide 80797-68-8 C9H14O2
    7-Methyloct-6-en-4-olide
    —— (R)-3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 172275-28-4 C7H9NO4
    (R)-3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 528609-80-5 C15H14O2
    (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-phenyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(3S,4R)-4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate 157823-88-6 C16H31NO5Si
    tert-butyl N-[(3S,4R)-4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— tert-butyl N-[(3S,4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate 157904-39-7 C16H31NO5Si
    tert-butyl N-[(3S,4S)-4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— (R)-4-tetradecalactone 75629-73-1 C14H26O2
    (R)-4-tetradecalactone
    —— (4R,1'S)-dihydro-4-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-2(3H)-furanone 851526-25-5 C6H10O3
    (4R,1'S)-dihydro-4-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4R,5S)-dihydro-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 851526-23-3 C6H10O3
    (4R,5S)-dihydro-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-α-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone 130215-39-3 C5H8O3
    (S)-α-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,5R)-3-Benzyl-5-(propan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one 184422-38-6 C14H18O2
    (3R,5R)-3-Benzyl-5-(propan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-cyclohexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 71796-71-9 C11H18O2
    5-cyclohexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— γ-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy-ε-caprolactone 1315073-08-5 C13H24O6
    γ-2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy-ε-caprolactone
    —— γ-ethoxy-ε-caprolactone 1441055-56-6 C8H14O3
    γ-ethoxy-ε-caprolactone
    —— 3-(4-methylene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propanoic acid 1276046-17-3 C8H10O4
    3-(4-methylene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propanoic acid
    —— (6S)-3-methyl-6-nonyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one 345306-16-3 C21H32O2
    (6S)-3-methyl-6-nonyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one
    —— (4aR,11aR,E)-7-methyl-11-methylene-4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3(1H)-one 320594-11-4 C14H20O2
    (4aR,11aR,E)-7-methyl-11-methylene-4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3(1H)-one
    —— (4R,11S,E)-7-methyl-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3,11-dione 320594-19-2 C13H18O3
    (4R,11S,E)-7-methyl-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3,11-dione
    —— (6S)-6-nonyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one 345306-15-2 C20H30O2
    (6S)-6-nonyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one