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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-Methyl-8-vinyl-oxocane-2,4-dione 129199-64-0 C10H14O3
    6-Methyl-8-vinyl-oxocane-2,4-dione
    —— 15-(4-bromophenyl)-16-oxadispiro[5.1.6.3]heptadecane-7,17-dione 1220995-69-6 C22H27BrO3
    15-(4-bromophenyl)-16-oxadispiro[5.1.6.3]heptadecane-7,17-dione
    —— Acetic acid (4R,4aR,6R,7R,7aS)-4,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-octahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-6-yl ester 114076-59-4 C12H18O4
    Acetic acid (4R,4aR,6R,7R,7aS)-4,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-octahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-6-yl ester
    —— 6-azido-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone 261722-04-7 C12H23N3O3Si
    6-azido-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxaspiro[2.5]oct-7-en-4-one 1161824-04-9 C14H14O2
    (2R,3R)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxaspiro[2.5]oct-7-en-4-one
    —— 6-Aethoxy-tetrahydro-2-pyran 27819-10-9 C7H12O3
    6-Aethoxy-tetrahydro-2-pyran
    —— (Z)-6-(prop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 86161-38-8 C8H12O2
    (Z)-6-(prop-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,4-Benzofurandione, hexahydro-3a-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-, cis- 93497-56-4 C10H14O4
    2,4-Benzofurandione, hexahydro-3a-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-, cis-
    —— (1R,4R,7S,8S,9S)-1,7,9-Trimethyl-2-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>4,9</sup>]dodec-5-ene-3,10,12-trione 96055-50-4 C14H16O4
    (1R,4R,7S,8S,9S)-1,7,9-Trimethyl-2-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>4,9</sup>]dodec-5-ene-3,10,12-trione
    —— (1R,2S,5S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 866650-90-0 C16H30O3Si
    (1R,2S,5S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 2-[(3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid 1260148-50-2 C7H10O4
    2-[(3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 2-Chloromethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 60947-37-7 C8H11ClO4
    2-Chloromethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (E)-4-benzylidene-ε-caprolactone 1422253-48-2 C13H14O2
    (E)-4-benzylidene-ε-caprolactone
    —— 9-Tetradecen-5-olide, (9Z)- 934298-76-7 C14H24O2
    9-Tetradecen-5-olide, (9Z)-
    —— 5-Dodecyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 272781-81-4 C16H30O3
    5-Dodecyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(chloro(phenyl)methylene)-5-p-tolyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1392485-68-5 C18H15ClO2
    (Z)-3-(chloro(phenyl)methylene)-5-p-tolyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (6S)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyallyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1042910-17-7 C9H14O3
    (6S)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyallyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— trans-3-(1-Adamantyl)-3-tert-butyl-2-oxetanon 75245-54-4 C17H26O2
    trans-3-(1-Adamantyl)-3-tert-butyl-2-oxetanon
    —— (5S)-5-phenyl-2-(2-(((1-phenylethyl)imino)methyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-4-one 1363326-44-6 C23H20BNO3
    (5S)-5-phenyl-2-(2-(((1-phenylethyl)imino)methyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-4-one
    —— 9-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-oxaspiro<5.4>decan-8-one 117097-63-9 C15H17ClO2
    9-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-oxaspiro<5.4>decan-8-one
    —— (+/-)-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8<i>anti</i>-carboxylic acid 102369-50-6 C9H12O4
    (+/-)-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8<i>anti</i>-carboxylic acid
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-pent-4-en-2-yloxolan-2-one 103708-54-9 C9H14O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-pent-4-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-methyl 4-allyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate 1147856-20-9 C15H23NO6
    (3R,4S,5R)-methyl 4-allyl-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— 6-(bromomethyl)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1433223-52-9 C18H16Br2O2
    6-(bromomethyl)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-Methyl-2-oxo-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile 115117-14-1 C8H9NO2
    4-Methyl-2-oxo-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile
    —— (2R,5S,1'R,2'R)-2-(1',2'-carbonyldioxy-3'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-prop-1'-yl)-2,5-dihydro-5-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-pyrazine 120190-47-8 C14H22N2O6
    (2R,5S,1'R,2'R)-2-(1',2'-carbonyldioxy-3'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-prop-1'-yl)-2,5-dihydro-5-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-pyrazine
    —— (+/-)-3-Chloro-3-ethyl-1-oxaspiro<3.4>octan-2-one 138589-64-7 C9H13ClO2
    (+/-)-3-Chloro-3-ethyl-1-oxaspiro<3.4>octan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-4-Acetyl-3-butyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 850166-74-4 C11H18O3
    (3S,4S,5R)-4-Acetyl-3-butyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 73537-02-7 C25H26O8
    —— (R)-3-((1S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 64190-37-0 C11H16O3
    (R)-3-((1S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2bR,5aS,5bS)-2a-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]indene-2,3-dione 61255-44-5 C15H24O4Si
    (2bR,5aS,5bS)-2a-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]indene-2,3-dione
    —— (3aS,5S,6aR)-(+)-5-Brom-6a-methyl-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on 138644-41-4 C8H11BrO2
    (3aS,5S,6aR)-(+)-5-Brom-6a-methyl-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on
    —— 5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 117364-32-6 C9H14O4
    5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2aS,2a<sup>1</sup>R,4aS,11R,12aS)-2a,7,11-trimethyl-2-(propan-2-ylidene)-2,2a,2a<sup>1</sup>,4a,5,11,12,12a-octahydro-3H-1,4,13-trioxa-6-thia-8,11-methanocycloundeca[cd]pentalene-3,10(7H)-dione 137769-73-4 C19H24O5S
    (2aS,2a<sup>1</sup>R,4aS,11R,12aS)-2a,7,11-trimethyl-2-(propan-2-ylidene)-2,2a,2a<sup>1</sup>,4a,5,11,12,12a-octahydro-3H-1,4,13-trioxa-6-thia-8,11-methanocycloundeca[cd]pentalene-3,10(7H)-dione
    —— 4-oxa-7-thiatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodec-9-en-5-one 114251-06-8 C10H12O2S
    4-oxa-7-thiatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodec-9-en-5-one
    —— (E)-10-(tert-butyl)-8-methyl-3,4,5,6,9,10-hexahydro-2H-oxecin-2-one 1392283-83-8 C14H24O2
    (E)-10-(tert-butyl)-8-methyl-3,4,5,6,9,10-hexahydro-2H-oxecin-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-5-((R,E)-5-hydroxy-7-phenylhept-3-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1110638-71-5 C33H40O4Si
    (4S,5S)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-5-((R,E)-5-hydroxy-7-phenylhept-3-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-isopropoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 114801-83-1 C34H60O7Si
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-isopropoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-Chloro-5-dodecyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 272781-72-3 C16H29ClO2
    3-Chloro-5-dodecyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-oxo-N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-6-carboxamide 134870-04-5 C14H17NO3
    3-oxo-N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-6-carboxamide
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-3-on 70919-37-8 C5H6O2
    2-Oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-3-on
    —— (S,S,S)-N(2)-α-methylbenzyl-3-methyl-4-allylisoxazolidin-5-one 1236003-47-6 C15H19NO2
    (S,S,S)-N(2)-α-methylbenzyl-3-methyl-4-allylisoxazolidin-5-one
    —— 4-(3-diazo-acetonyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 855911-80-7 C10H14N2O3
    4-(3-diazo-acetonyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-(1-Ethoxy-vinyl)-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 147721-41-3 C10H16O3
    5-(1-Ethoxy-vinyl)-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-allyloxyaminopropylidene)-6-ethyl-tetrahydropyrane-2,4-dione 58433-49-1 C13H19NO4
    3-(1-allyloxyaminopropylidene)-6-ethyl-tetrahydropyrane-2,4-dione
    —— 1->5-Lacton d. 5β-Hydroxy-1β-carboxy-1α-methyl-cyclohexanons-(2) 93114-96-6 C8H10O3
    1->5-Lacton d. 5β-Hydroxy-1β-carboxy-1α-methyl-cyclohexanons-(2)
    —— 4-(n-Butylthiomethyl)oxetan-2-on 72749-29-2 C8H14O2S
    4-(n-Butylthiomethyl)oxetan-2-on
    —— {Cr(N'-methylethylenediamine-N,N,N'-triacetato)(H2O)} 55622-36-1 C9H15CrN2O7
    {Cr(N'-methylethylenediamine-N,N,N'-triacetato)(H2O)}
    —— (1R,6S,7S)-(-)-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-exo-hydroxy-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one 76741-08-7 C10H16O3
    (1R,6S,7S)-(-)-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-exo-hydroxy-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one
    —— methoxymethyl (3S,6aR,8aS,9R,12aR,12bS)-3-hydroxy-9,12a-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxotetradecahydro-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-b]oxocine-9-carboxylate 1363692-31-2 C22H32O6
    methoxymethyl (3S,6aR,8aS,9R,12aR,12bS)-3-hydroxy-9,12a-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxotetradecahydro-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-b]oxocine-9-carboxylate