内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-Benzyl-6-propyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 109277-36-3 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (Z)-(3aR,9aS)-3-Methylene-3a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3H-cycloocta[b]furan-2-one | 56695-34-2 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 876370-70-6 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | α-(buta-2,3-dien-2-yl)-δ-valerolactone | 1221896-26-9 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (5β)-1β-(2-oxohexanyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-4-one | 143889-22-9 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-methyl-5-((2S,3R)-3-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)oxiran-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1613221-21-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 103150-35-2 | C7H12NO4 | |
| —— | 3-methylene-5-ethoxycarbonyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 444728-44-3 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | 3-Carboxy-norbornen-(5)-Δ<sup>2.α</sup>-essigsaeure-cycl. Anhydrid | 6707-03-5 | C10H8O3 |
| —— | 5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-68-0 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5S,6aR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-((triethylsilyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1092102-41-4 | C14H26O4Si |
| —— | 1228699-44-2 | C17H22O6 | |
| —— | 1217293-44-1 | C16H22O2 | |
| —— | 2-(2,5-Dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-N,N-bis-(2-diphenylphosphanyl-ethyl)-acetamide | 77461-98-4 | C34H33NO4P2 |
| —— | (1R,6S)-6-Methyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.2]decane-3,8-dione | 109390-84-3 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (2aRS,4aSR,6aSR,6bRS)-2a,4a,5,6,6a,6b-hexahydro-6,6-dimethyl-2H-pentaleno<1,6-bc>furan-2-one | 82873-75-4 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 2 exo-Methyl-bicyclo-<1.2.2>-heptanon-(6)-carbonsaeure-(2 endo)-lactol | 81323-80-0 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR,9aR,9bR)-9b-Hydroxymethyl-9-methoxy-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-benzo[de]chromene-2,7-dione | 97718-46-2 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 3,4-dideuterio-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholin-2-on | 76588-93-7 | C7H13NO2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-Allyl-4-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 123976-10-3 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-methyloxetan-2-one | 131436-06-1 | C10H20O2Si |
| —— | [(1S,5S,6R,7S,10S,11S,13R,16S)-7-hydroxy-11,15,18,18-tetramethyl-10,13,16-tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyloxy]-3,8,12-trioxo-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadec-14-en-7-yl]methyl acetate | 1188021-23-9 | C38H54O17 |
| —— | 3,4,4-trifluoro-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1610602-18-0 | C5H5F3O3 |
| —— | 1,6-lactone of <8,8-2H2>-6-hydroxy-8-acetoxyoctanoic acid | 74914-45-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-3-ethylidene-5-methoxymethoxymethyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one | 552290-91-2 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 1004995-56-5 | C10H14O3 | |
| —— | (5S)-5-[(2R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 110501-48-9 | C12H20O5 |
| —— | (2aR,8aS,8bR)-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-Octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 106144-91-6 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 17928-90-4 | C16H18O6 | |
| —— | 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-saeure-18,11-lacton | 96169-09-4 | C21H26O6 |
| —— | (S)-4-Methylsulfanylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 331870-81-6 | C6H10O2S |
| —— | (+/-)-3ξ-methyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 40556-75-0 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(methoxymethyl)-2-fluoro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 141407-05-8 | C9H15FO6 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3R,3aR,4R,6R,6aR,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 118304-52-2 | C19H26O6 |
| —— | 2-tert-Butylperoxy-5-isopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-<1,3>dioxolan-4-on | 16406-82-9 | C12H22O5 |
| —— | 1256453-98-1 | C10H17IO4 | |
| —— | 6-((E)-2-Chloro-1-methyl-vinyl)-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 92687-14-4 | C8H9ClO3 |
| —— | rel-(4R,5S,6R)-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(1iodoethyl)-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 81357-35-9 | C7H11IO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-6<i>endo</i>-(α-chloro-isopropyl)-1-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 105338-60-1 | C12H19ClO2 |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-4,6-dioxo-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-uide | 57473-97-9 | C9H8BO5 |
| —— | (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one | 191152-51-9 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | conocenolide A | 1040751-46-9 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | α-Oxo-β.γ-bis-ethoxycarbonyl-butyrolacton | 92315-96-3 | C10H12O7 |
| —— | 1,5-Diacetoxy-8-hydroxy-cis-1,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-1-naphthoesaeure-lacton | 108170-89-4 | C15H16O6 |
| —— | cyclopenta-1,3-diene;diphenylphosphanylmethyl(diphenyl)phosphane;oxolane-2-thione;ruthenium(2+);hexafluorophosphate | 166670-08-2 | C34H33OP2RuS*F6P |
| —— | 3,4-Dihydroxy-dihydroschellolsaeure-dilacton | 97301-61-6 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 2-Jod-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-endo-carbonsaeure-(6)-δ-lacton | 89791-64-0 | C7H7IO2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-(-)-4,5-dihydro-5-ethyl-4-phenyl-(3H)-furan-2-one | 147599-27-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | Mannurono-δ-lacton-diaethyl-thioacetal | 4258-11-1 | C10H18O5S2 |
| —— | (+/-)-4-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-2.3-dipropyl-buttersaeurelacton | 3402-18-4 | C16H22O2 |
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