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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Sodium α-methyl-butyrolactone-γ-carboxylate 69377-55-5 C6H7O4*Na
    Sodium α-methyl-butyrolactone-γ-carboxylate
    —— [(3S,3aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl] 2-chloroacetate 157917-97-0 C9H9ClO4
    [(3S,3aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl] 2-chloroacetate
    —— (+)-(3S,3aS,6aS)-3-hydroxy-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 157968-47-3 C7H8O3
    (+)-(3S,3aS,6aS)-3-hydroxy-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S)-5-ethenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one 912463-41-3 C8H10O2
    (1S,4S,5S)-5-ethenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 6-oxa-7a-homoandrostane-3,7,17-trione 960529-62-8 C19H26O4
    6-oxa-7a-homoandrostane-3,7,17-trione
    —— 2,6-dideoxy-D-lyxo-hexono-1,4-lactone 110043-57-7 C6H10O4
    2,6-dideoxy-D-lyxo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2,6-dibromo-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactono-1,4-lactone 152772-59-3 C6H8Br2O4
    2,6-dibromo-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactono-1,4-lactone
    —— (+)-(3aR,4R,6aS)-4-tert-butoxymethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 479041-69-5 C12H18O3
    (+)-(3aR,4R,6aS)-4-tert-butoxymethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 8-exo-bromo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one 72957-76-7 C7H7BrO2
    8-exo-bromo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1679-55-6 C7H12O2
    5,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (-)-8-bromo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one 87727-90-0 C7H7BrO2
    (-)-8-bromo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one
    —— 5,6-O-ethylidene-L-gulono-1,4-lactone 69602-95-5 C8H12O6
    5,6-O-ethylidene-L-gulono-1,4-lactone
    —— α-octyl-ε-caprolactone 27898-70-0 C14H26O2
    α-octyl-ε-caprolactone
    —— 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-4,4-dimethyldihydro-2(3H)-furan-2-one 133094-78-7 C12H24O3Si
    3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-4,4-dimethyldihydro-2(3H)-furan-2-one
    —— (S,S)-2,4-dibenzylglutaric anhydride 105226-92-4 C19H18O3
    (S,S)-2,4-dibenzylglutaric anhydride
    —— (1S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid 1363692-83-4 C21H30O4
    (1S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— methyl (1S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylate 1363692-85-6 C22H32O4
    methyl (1S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylate
    —— propyl (1S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylate 1363692-87-8 C24H36O4
    propyl (1S,4S,5R,9S,10S,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,6S,6aS,8aS,9R,12aS,12bS)-dodecahydro-3,6,9,12a-tetramethyl-4-oxo-2H-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-c]oxocine-9(6H)-carboxylate 1258238-45-7 C23H36O4
    ethyl (3S,6S,6aS,8aS,9R,12aS,12bS)-dodecahydro-3,6,9,12a-tetramethyl-4-oxo-2H-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-c]oxocine-9(6H)-carboxylate
    —— methyl (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>1,10</sup>.0<sup>4,9</sup>]heptadecane-5-carboxylate 30217-48-2 C21H32O4
    methyl (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>1,10</sup>.0<sup>4,9</sup>]heptadecane-5-carboxylate
    —— 4α-carboxy-15α-hydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone 89470-25-7 C20H30O4
    4α-carboxy-15α-hydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone
    —— 4α-carboxy-7β,13α-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone 1012876-81-1 C20H30O5
    4α-carboxy-7β,13α-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone
    —— 4α-carboxy-1α,15α-dihydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone 1012876-90-2 C20H30O5
    4α-carboxy-1α,15α-dihydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone
    —— 4α-carboxy-12β,13α-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone 1168152-25-7 C20H30O5
    4α-carboxy-12β,13α-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone
    —— 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 53179-31-0 C5H8O3
    5-hydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-(hydroxyimino)-γ-butyrolactone 5400-68-0 C4H5NO3
    2-(hydroxyimino)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-n-Butyryl-γ-butyrolacton 15441-56-2 C8H12O3
    α-n-Butyryl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 2-propionyl-γ-butyrolactone 23938-71-8 C7H10O3
    2-propionyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— norbisabolide 152321-70-5 C12H18O2
    norbisabolide
    —— 1,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid 54345-95-8 C10H14O4
    1,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid
    —— D-talonic acid γ-lactone 23666-11-7 C6H10O6
    D-talonic acid γ-lactone
    —— D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone 91547-68-1 C6H8O7
    D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone
    —— L-talonic acid γ-lactone 127997-10-8 C6H10O6
    L-talonic acid γ-lactone
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(E)-oct-1-enyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1402043-94-0 C12H20O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(E)-oct-1-enyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 50480-80-3 C6H10O5
    3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1402043-97-3 C10H16O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-4-hydroxy-5-hexenoic acid lactone 91199-39-2 C6H8O2
    (S)-4-hydroxy-5-hexenoic acid lactone
    —— 3-deoxy-L-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone 79645-44-6 C6H10O5
    3-deoxy-L-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (1S,5S,6R,9S,10S,12R,15S)-9-but-3-enyl-15-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-12-triethylsilyloxy-2,4,8-trioxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,5.06,10]heptadec-13-ene-3,7-dione 153145-20-1 C34H58O7Si2
    (1S,5S,6R,9S,10S,12R,15S)-9-but-3-enyl-15-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-12-triethylsilyloxy-2,4,8-trioxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,5.06,10]heptadec-13-ene-3,7-dione
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1200132-97-3 C12H22O3Si
    (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— D-gluconic acid δ-lactone 90-80-2 C6H10O6
    D-gluconic acid δ-lactone
    —— (S)-5-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 137625-45-7 C6H10O4
    (S)-5-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 349649-10-1 C6H8O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— D-Arabinono-1,5-lactone 73745-98-9 C5H8O5
    D-Arabinono-1,5-lactone
    —— (2S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl]propanal 252342-51-1 C22H44O5Si2
    (2S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl]propanal
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-2-oxopent-3-enyl)oxan-2-one 252342-43-1 C19H34O4Si
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-2-oxopent-3-enyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-[(2S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 256920-78-2 C25H50O4Si2
    (3R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-[(2S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (S)-β-butyrolactone 65058-82-4 C4H6O2
    (S)-β-butyrolactone
    —— (R)-4-methyloxetan-2-one 32082-74-9 C4H6O2
    (R)-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,5-methano-(3H)-isobenzofuran-1-one —— C9H10O3
    3-hydroxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,5-methano-(3H)-isobenzofuran-1-one