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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-((E)-Hept-1-enyl)-3-methyl-5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 882161-93-5 C17H30O2
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-((E)-Hept-1-enyl)-3-methyl-5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1005773-87-4 C8H14O3
    (R)-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (-)-diplodialide C 1217551-82-0 C10H18O3
    (-)-diplodialide C
    —— 8-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-34-9 C11H12O3
    8-methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid 143468-58-0 C15H14O4
    (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aS,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-3-methylene-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 143468-62-6 C15H14O2
    (3aS,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-3-methylene-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S,6R)-3-chloro-6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydropyran-2,4-dione 623927-75-3 C9H13ClO3
    (3R,5S,6R)-3-chloro-6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— (Z)-α-(1'-chlorohexylidene)-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 1019264-79-9 C11H17ClO2
    (Z)-α-(1'-chlorohexylidene)-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 869210-40-2 C23H40O4Si2
    (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aS,4S)-4-methyl-2-phenyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-one 1037025-59-4 C12H12N2O2
    (3aS,4S)-4-methyl-2-phenyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-[(E)-4-methylpent-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1646185-32-1 C12H20O2
    5,5-dimethyl-3-[(E)-4-methylpent-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,3R,6R,9R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one 200571-93-3 C29H36O4Si
    (1R,3R,6R,9R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1312341-35-7 C13H16O3
    (3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— [(1R,2E,4R,8R,9R,11R)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    [(1R,2E,4R,8R,9R,11R)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (3S,5S)-3-hexyl-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one 1092798-47-4 C16H22O2
    (3S,5S)-3-hexyl-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-29-7 C7H9NO5
    (3R,4R)-3-acetyl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,4R,7R,11R)-2-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-3,5-dione 1426551-04-3 C10H12O3
    (1R,4R,7R,11R)-2-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (1′R,5R)-5-{1′-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-2′-(hydroxy)ethyl}-3H,5H-furan-2-one 1431388-77-0 C22H28O4Si
    (1′R,5R)-5-{1′-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-2′-(hydroxy)ethyl}-3H,5H-furan-2-one
    —— [(1'S,2'S,4S,6'S,8'R,11'S,12'R)-2,2,4',4'-tetramethyl-10'-oxo-12'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,7'-3,5,9-trioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodecane]-11'-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 616225-48-0 C23H34O8
    [(1'S,2'S,4S,6'S,8'R,11'S,12'R)-2,2,4',4'-tetramethyl-10'-oxo-12'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-4,7'-3,5,9-trioxatricyclo[6.3.1.02,6]dodecane]-11'-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (3aR,7S,8aS)-6-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1035901-77-9 C28H36O3Si
    (3aR,7S,8aS)-6-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid 98272-81-2 C7H10O4
    6-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one 1638743-97-1 C6H8O3
    (1S,3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— 1β-hydroxyfriedelin-3,4-lactone 1255212-48-6 C30H50O3
    1β-hydroxyfriedelin-3,4-lactone
    —— (3S,4R)-4-[(R)-2-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-methoxypropyl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one 1259544-55-2 C14H28O4Si
    (3S,4R)-4-[(R)-2-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-methoxypropyl]-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S,6R)-4,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-2-pyranone 1259524-34-9 C11H18O6
    (4R,5S,6R)-4,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-2-pyranone
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-methyl-5-pentadecyloxolan-2-one 1261074-87-6 C43H72O4Si2
    (3S,4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-methyl-5-pentadecyloxolan-2-one
    —— xestospongiene M 1263368-22-4 C15H22Br2O3
    xestospongiene M
    —— (1S,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione 595-29-9 C10H14O3
    (1S,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— xestospongiene F 1263368-15-5 C15H22Br2O3
    xestospongiene F
    —— xestospongiene E 1263368-14-4 C15H22Br2O3
    xestospongiene E
    —— xestospongienes N 1263368-23-5 C15H22Br2O3
    xestospongienes N
    —— trimethylsilylmethyl (1S,4S,5R,9S,10R,13R)-5,9-dimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylate 1298576-69-8 C23H38O4Si
    trimethylsilylmethyl (1S,4S,5R,9S,10R,13R)-5,9-dimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.01,10.04,9]heptadecane-5-carboxylate
    —— phomolide B 1263165-16-7 C12H18O4
    phomolide B
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-yl]-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one 1309922-63-1 C14H18O4
    (5R)-5-[(2R)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-yl]-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (5aR,6R,8bS)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8b-methyl-5a-prop-2-enyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[e][2]benzofuran-3-one 1301199-15-4 C21H32O3Si
    (5aR,6R,8bS)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8b-methyl-5a-prop-2-enyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[e][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— (3S,3aR,6R,6aS)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-carbaldehyde 1309373-67-8 C10H14O3
    (3S,3aR,6R,6aS)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-4,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1312781-82-0 C10H18O6
    (4R,5R,6R)-4,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S,4aR,7aS)-4-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one 1328893-33-9 C8H12O3
    (4S,4aR,7aS)-4-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— ethyl (2R,4aR,6aR,7R,10aS,10bS)-2,10-dimethyl-6-oxo-4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromene-7-carboxylate 1310683-10-3 C16H22O6
    ethyl (2R,4aR,6aR,7R,10aS,10bS)-2,10-dimethyl-6-oxo-4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromene-7-carboxylate
    —— (1S,2R,9S,10R)-10-hydroxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradec-5-ene-4,13-dione 1331837-19-4 C15H20O5
    (1S,2R,9S,10R)-10-hydroxy-1,5,9-trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradec-5-ene-4,13-dione
    —— (2R,4aR,6aS,8S,10aR,10bS)-2,8-dimethyl-4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one 1310683-11-4 C13H18O4
    (2R,4aR,6aS,8S,10aR,10bS)-2,8-dimethyl-4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one
    —— (2R,4aR,6aR,10aS,10bS)-2,6a-dimethyl-4,4a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one 1310683-27-2 C13H18O4
    (2R,4aR,6aR,10aS,10bS)-2,6a-dimethyl-4,4a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one
    —— methyl (2R,4aR,6aR,7R,10aR,10bS)-2,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-4,4a,6a,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromene-7-carboxylate 1310683-09-0 C15H20O6
    methyl (2R,4aR,6aR,7R,10aR,10bS)-2,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-4,4a,6a,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromene-7-carboxylate
    —— (2R,4aR,6aS,8R,10aS,10bS)-2,8-dimethyl-4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one 1310683-30-7 C13H18O4
    (2R,4aR,6aS,8R,10aS,10bS)-2,8-dimethyl-4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-hexahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxino[5,4-c]isochromen-6-one
    —— α-Ethyl-γ-carboxy-butyrolacton 19487-28-6 C7H10O4
    α-Ethyl-γ-carboxy-butyrolacton
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,4-dione 27873-83-2 C6H6O3
    3-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2,4-dione 22046-99-7 C7H8O3
    3-Oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-isobutyl-3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)propyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1321200-10-5 C18H36O4Si
    3-isobutyl-3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)propyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— trans-2-Chlor-4-phenyl-4-butanolid 72406-99-6 C10H9ClO2
    trans-2-Chlor-4-phenyl-4-butanolid
    —— 5-(Furan-3-yl)-3-[methyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxolan-2-one 1314552-17-4 C21H20O3Si
    5-(Furan-3-yl)-3-[methyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxolan-2-one