内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-L-threono-1,4-lactone | 129870-03-7 | C4H5FO3 |
| —— | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-xylono-1,4-lactone | 129870-01-5 | C5H7FO4 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-4-benzyl-5-amino-2-oxabicyclo<3,2,1>octan-3-one | 98442-35-4 | C14H17NO2 |
| —— | bis-(4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-methane | 176663-47-1 | C9H8O6 |
| —— | jacquilenin | 7726-34-3 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | Trifluoro-methanesulfonate(R)-4-allyl-5-isopropyl-2-oxo-[1,4]oxathian-4-ium; | 133117-54-1 | CF3O3S*C10H17O2S |
| —— | sagittacin B | 1613367-20-6 | C23H30O8 |
| —— | 6-pentyl-1-phenyl-5-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-4-one | 1611477-09-8 | C18H24O2 |
| —— | 3α-hydroxy-2-oxo-18α,19βH-ursan-28,20β-olide | 125029-28-9 | C30H46O4 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S)-4,6,6-Trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one | 70919-40-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S)-5,6,6-Trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one | 70919-39-0 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one | 1402922-06-8 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | α-allyl-γ-butyrolactone-γ-methanesulfonic acid barium salt | 100690-12-8 | Ba*2C8H11O5S |
| —— | (E)-3-(5-methyl-4-oxohexylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 643754-16-9 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-glucono-1,4-lactone | 139578-42-0 | C6H9FO4 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 1232953-82-0 | C13H11F5O2 |
| —— | 6-bromo-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 261722-03-6 | C12H23BrO3Si |
| —— | (S)-5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-heptenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-39-5 | C11H17IO2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-2-one | 125382-70-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3aα,8α,8aα)-octahydro-8-(phenylseleno)-2H-cyclohepta<b>furan-2-one | 75250-36-1 | C15H18O2Se |
| —— | (S)-6-methoxycarbonylmethyl-6-hexanolide | 256220-36-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-L-lixono-1,4-lactone | 82805-11-6 | C5H6Br2O3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-(p-methyl-piperidino)-methyl-Δ<sup>2</sup>-isoxazolin-5-one | 73841-65-3 | C11H18N2O2 |
| —— | (S)-3-ethyl-4-propylideneoxetan-2-one | 935473-93-1 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 1360925-63-8 | C15H15F3O5 | |
| —— | (3S,6R)-3-[(S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-4-methylpentyl]-3-methyl-6-[(E)-1-methyl-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)vinyl]dihydropyran-2,4-dione | 1184762-45-5 | C25H41NO4SSi |
| —— | 3-Oxabicyclo<4.3.1>undecan-4-on | 70260-34-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 4-benzyl-2-oxaspiro[4.9]tetradecane-1,9-dione | 1383572-03-9 | C20H26O3 |
| —— | (S)-3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.11]pentadecan-2-one | 138589-71-6 | C15H25ClO2 |
| —— | 72312-69-7 | C15H18O5 | |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-Methyl-5-((Z)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74911-65-2 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 81568-39-0 | C24H22O2 | |
| —— | diethyl 2-[(3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-en-6-yl)methyl]-2-prop-2-enylpropanedioate | 134870-05-6 | C18H24O6 |
| —— | (4R,4aS,6R,8S,8aR)-6,8-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4-phenylselanyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroisochromen-3-one | 129482-76-4 | C27H46O4SeSi2 |
| —— | 2,3,4,5-Tetramethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[4.4.3.01,6.02,5]trideca-3,7,9-trien-11-on | 80673-59-2 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,8R,9R,9aS,9bR)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 118304-22-6 | C19H28O6 |
| —— | γ-butyrolactone-3-sulfonic acid | 115102-61-9 | C4H6O5S |
| —— | 2,3,7-trideoxy-D-arabino-heptono-1,4-lactone | 116386-16-4 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | 3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[3.6]decan-2-one | 125382-73-2 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | [(1S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate | 141135-07-1 | C24H38O6 |
| —— | 6-Cyclohexyl-3-methyl-4-methylsulfanyl-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one | 72655-61-9 | C13H20O2S |
| —— | (3R,6S,7R)-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-7-vinyl-1,4-dioxocan-5-one | 1094450-32-4 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-Tris-methoxymethoxy-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 351885-13-7 | C13H22O8 |
| —— | 4,4,5-trimethyl-1-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 71096-02-1 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | (1RS,5SR)6,6-dimethyl-4-(RS)-methoxy-3-oxabicyclo[3,1,0]hexan-2-one | 26771-01-7 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (3S,6aR,9R,12aR)-3-hydroxy-9,12a-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxotetradecahydro-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-b]oxocine-9-carboxylic acid | 1363692-69-6 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | (5R)-5-benzyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran | 1072956-12-7 | C16H23O5P |
| —— | (3R,5S)-<5-3H>-mevalonolactone | 55833-59-5 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-5-((E)-1-methyl-penta-2,4-dienyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 105273-56-1 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | <5β(R)>-α,19-dihydroxy-17-oxo-A-nor-3-oxaandrostane-5-acetic acid, δ-lactone | 113055-70-2 | C19H26O5 |
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